Ch 3, Sec 3-4: The Middle and Southern Colonies. The Colonies Middle ColoniesSouthern Colonies New...

Ch 3, Sec 3-4: The Middle and Southern Colonies

The Colonies

Middle Colonies Southern Colonies

New York Maryland

New Jersey North Carolina

Pennsylvania South Carolina

Virginia

Georgia

Problems in England

• 1642-English Civil War• Puritans left the colonies to help fight King

Charles I– Charles was beheaded

• A fight for land in the colonies started between England and the Dutch

New Amsterdam Colony

• Dutch West India Company 1621• Bought land from the Manhate people• Turned out to be a great trading port for

importing/exporting goods• Patroons-people who brought over 50 people

to the colony and ran the area like a king

Fight for New Amsterdam• England wanted the port city• Sent a fleet to attack the city and England won• King Charles II gave the land to his brother– Duke of York-renamed the colony New York

Colony of New York

• Proprietary colony-owner owned/controlled all the land/government• Promised religious freedom• Change of gov’t:– Before 1691-Governor and council appointed by the

Duke of York (colonists had no say in the gov’t)– Colonists demanded/granted the right to vote by

1691

New Jersey• Land given up by Duke of York created NJ Colony• Proprietary Colony-John Berkeley/George

Carteret• Gave out land to get colonists• Promised religious freedom, trial by jury, and a representative gov’t• Not profitable-both men sold their shares• NJ became a royal colony

Colony of Pennsylvania

• 1680-William Penn collected a debt with the King to get the colony started

• Quakers-– believed that you did not have to go to church for religious truths– Pacifists-did not believe in fighting– Not popular in England

Plan for Pennsylvania• Set up for religious toleration– Philadelphia-City of Brotherly Love

• Penn-America’s 1st town planner/colony’s constitution writer

• Paid for all lands taken from the natives• Had an elected representative gov’t

Workers for Southern Colonies• Tobacco/building colonies was labor intensive• England emptied prisons to build the colonies• Indentured Servants could work off debt by

going to colonies and working for 3-7 years• Slaves were brought to the colonies

Maryland

• Lord Baltimore inherited the colony from his dad before the colony started

• Lord Baltimore sent his 2 brothers to run the colony for him

• Colony for Catholics• Grew tobacco, corn, wheat, fruit, and vegies• Baltimore-port city/largest settlement

How did people get land in Maryland?

• Lord Baltimore gave family/friend large tracts of land

• Each colonist was given 100 acres of land along with land for each person he brought with him:– Wives got 100 acres– Servants got 100 acres– Each kid was given 50 acres

Act of Toleration• Said Protestants and Catholics could worship

freely to keep the peace• Peace didn’t last long• King of England made Maryland’s official

church the Anglican Church– Punished Catholics for being Catholic just like in

England

Virginia Expands: Land Problem/Solution

• By the 1640s, good farm land was gone on the coast

• Settlers started stealing land inland from the coast from natives

• Settlers blamed the gov’t for not protecting them from native attacks

Virginia Expands-Bacon’s Rebellion

• Nathaniel Bacon-tobacco farmer wants more land

• Steals native lands– Burned down native villages and Jamestown– Forced the governor out of Virginia

• Results:– British troops came over to put down rebellion– Militia was created to push out natives of land and

protect the settlers

Start of the Carolina Colonies

• Started off as 1 colony• 8 people were given control• Founded Charleston• Conflict started between the men of how to govern the land• Carolina split into North and South Carolina

North and South Carolina

• North Carolina:– Mostly tobacco farmers– Cut down trees and sold tar for ship building

• South Carolina:– Richer than NC– Better farm land-rice and indigo=cash crops– Traded deer, lumber, and beef– Highest use of slave labor in the colonies

Georgia

• Founded in 1733• Created for English debtors

and poor people• Led by James Oglethorpe• England used Georgia to

block Spanish from coming into the other English colonies

Georgia’s plan

• Created small farms• Outlawed slavery, Catholics, and rum• Ended up as a refugee colony for Europe’s

unwanted groups• Oglethorpe lost control of the colony – Slavery and rum was now allowed

• Control given back to the king of England