11

Middle and Southern Middle and Southern ColoniesColonies

22

Geographically, politically and Geographically, politically and culturally the Middle Colonies are culturally the Middle Colonies are between the New England Colonies between the New England Colonies and the Southern Colonies. and the Southern Colonies.

33

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

New YorkNew York

New JerseyNew Jersey

PennsylvanPennsylvaniaia

DelawareDelaware

44

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

55

New YorkNew York New York had originally been a Dutch fur-New York had originally been a Dutch fur-

trading colony, New Netherlands, since trading colony, New Netherlands, since 1624.1624.

In 1664, King Charles II of England granted In 1664, King Charles II of England granted a charter to his brother James, the Duke of a charter to his brother James, the Duke of York, ignoring the Dutch title. York, ignoring the Dutch title.

When the English invaded New Netherland, When the English invaded New Netherland, the Dutch Governor, Peter Stuyvesant the Dutch Governor, Peter Stuyvesant surrendered with little resistance.surrendered with little resistance.

New Netherland was renamed New York.New Netherland was renamed New York.

66

New JerseyNew Jersey

New Jersey was also part of the New Netherlands New Jersey was also part of the New Netherlands land.land.

James granted titles to his friendsJames granted titles to his friends Sir George Carteret andSir George Carteret and John Lord Berkley, which became John Lord Berkley, which became East and West Jersey.East and West Jersey.

East Jersey was similar to New YorkEast Jersey was similar to New York West Jersey was dominated by Quakers.West Jersey was dominated by Quakers.

In 1702, the Jerseys were united into one colony, In 1702, the Jerseys were united into one colony, New Jersey as a royal colony.New Jersey as a royal colony.

77

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania IIn 1681 Charles II granted n 1681 Charles II granted William Penn, a Quaker leader, William Penn, a Quaker leader, a large tract of land to be called a large tract of land to be called Pennsylvania.Pennsylvania.

Penn envisioned a colony as a haven for Quakers Penn envisioned a colony as a haven for Quakers and a center of religious tolerance and fair and a center of religious tolerance and fair treatment for all.treatment for all.

Philadelphia,” the city of brotherly love” , was Philadelphia,” the city of brotherly love” , was meticulously planned.meticulously planned.

Pennsylvania became a prosperous and diverse Pennsylvania became a prosperous and diverse colony.colony.

Penn advertised for all Europeans to settle in Penn advertised for all Europeans to settle in Pennsylvania, including Mennonites from Germany.Pennsylvania, including Mennonites from Germany.

Quaker Beliefs:Quaker Beliefs: Rejected predestination and original Rejected predestination and original

sinsin They were pacifistsThey were pacifists They rejected a distinction between They rejected a distinction between

class and gender and called each other class and gender and called each other “thou” and “thee”“thou” and “thee”

Did not have a minister to lead religious Did not have a minister to lead religious services at “Meeting Houses”services at “Meeting Houses”

Officially called “The Society of Friends”Officially called “The Society of Friends”

88

99

DelawareDelaware

Delaware was a Swedish colony and Delaware was a Swedish colony and was part of New York until 1682, was part of New York until 1682, when it became part of Pennsylvania.when it became part of Pennsylvania.

In 1703, Penn allowed Delaware to In 1703, Penn allowed Delaware to have its own colonial assembly, and have its own colonial assembly, and thus became a de facto colony on its thus became a de facto colony on its own.own.

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The Middle Colonies were the most The Middle Colonies were the most diverse group colonies in relation to diverse group colonies in relation to crops, manufacturing, population and crops, manufacturing, population and culture.culture.

1111

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

Virginia was the Virginia was the first Southern first Southern Colony and the Colony and the others included: others included:

Maryland Maryland the Carolinasthe Carolinas

( North and South) ( North and South) Georgia.Georgia.

1212

MarylandMaryland

George Calvert was George Calvert was granted a charter granted a charter to establish the to establish the colony of Maryland colony of Maryland as a haven for as a haven for Roman Catholics.Roman Catholics.

1313

George Calvert George Calvert died, and his son died, and his son Cecilius Calvert, Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore, Lord Baltimore, established the established the first colony in first colony in Maryland at St. Maryland at St. Mary’s on the Mary’s on the Potomac River in Potomac River in 1634.1634.

Lord Baltimore

St. Mary’s City

1414

MarylandMaryland

1515

Catholics and Puritans quickly migrated Catholics and Puritans quickly migrated to Maryland.to Maryland.

In 1649, the Maryland Toleration Act In 1649, the Maryland Toleration Act was passed, granting religious was passed, granting religious tolerance to all that believed in the holy tolerance to all that believed in the holy trinity.trinity.

Like Virginia, Tobacco became the most Like Virginia, Tobacco became the most important cash crop of Maryland.important cash crop of Maryland.

1616

CarolinasCarolinas

In 1663, King Charles II granted land to In 1663, King Charles II granted land to William Berkley and Anthony Ashley William Berkley and Anthony Ashley Cooper to establish the Carolinas.Cooper to establish the Carolinas.

In 1712, the area was split into North In 1712, the area was split into North and South Carolina.and South Carolina.

By 1729, North and South Carolina had By 1729, North and South Carolina had become Royal colonies.become Royal colonies.

1717

1818

1919

North Carolina North Carolina provided tar and provided tar and other ship supplies, other ship supplies, and tobacco.and tobacco.

South Carolina South Carolina produced rice and produced rice and indigo.indigo.

2020

GeorgiaGeorgia Georgia was set up as Georgia was set up as

a colony that was a colony that was ruled by trustees.ruled by trustees.

In 1732, James In 1732, James Oglethorpe Oglethorpe established Georgia as established Georgia as a haven for debtors.a haven for debtors.

In addition, Georgia In addition, Georgia was to be a buffer was to be a buffer zone to protect the zone to protect the Carolinas against Carolinas against Spanish attack.Spanish attack.

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Oglethorpe established strict rule in Oglethorpe established strict rule in Georgia including no liquor, no slaves Georgia including no liquor, no slaves and no Roman Catholics.and no Roman Catholics.

After 20 years, the experiment in After 20 years, the experiment in Georgia failed and Georgia became a Georgia failed and Georgia became a Royal colony in 1752.Royal colony in 1752.

Georgia produced rice, indigo and Georgia produced rice, indigo and ship supplies.ship supplies.

2222

GeorgiaGeorgia

2323

5 Southern Colonies5 Southern Colonies

MarylandMaryland

VirginiaVirginia

North CarolinaNorth Carolina

South CarolinaSouth Carolina

GeorgiaGeorgia

2424

4 New England 4 New England ColoniesColonies

4 Middle Colonies4 Middle Colonies

5 Southern 5 Southern ColoniesColonies

13 Colonies13 Colonies