Arup green expo

Paul Dunne 21st May 2010

Low Carbon Building Solutions

Low and Zero Carbon definitions

1. Site autonomy.............. generates & stores all energy needed on-site

2. On-site carbon neutral.. on-site energy generation from imported fuel

3. Net zero carbon.......... net exports to Grid are equal to imports

4. Near-site zero carbon... off-site renewables with direct connection

5. Additionality................ dedicated added renewables

6. Carbon offsetting......... paying for others’ renewables

7. Green power............... using off-site renewables already on the Grid

1

3Power station

CO2

4

7 52 6

Catering

Heating and Hot Water

Cooling

Fans & Pumps

Lighting

Office Equipment

Misc. ElectricalComputer Rooms

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1

kg

CO

2/m

2/y

r

Typical New Build

1

2

3

Facades

20

Coo

ling

Sys

tem

s

40 60 80 120 140 160 180100 200 220

Total Cooling W/m2

(perimeter areas)

Coo

ling

Load

s

LWB

Thermal Mass

+Night Vent

Natural Vent

Upflow AC

Chilled Ceilings

Chilled Beams

Fan Coil Units

VAV

Fan VAV

Occupants

BCO Guide

Machines

Spare

Lighting

3m Continuous glazing

Clear double glazing + internal blind

2m1m0.5m

3m

High performance 66/34 glazing + internal blind

2m

1m

4m

.5

Blind in ventilated cavity

4m3m2m

1m.5

Mechanical EngineeringFaçade/System Matching

Coo

ling

Sys

tem

s

Total Cooling W/m2

(perimeter areas)

Coo

ling

Load

s

Occupants

BCO Guide

Machines

Spare

Lighting

3m Continuous glazing Clear double glazing +

internal blind

2m1m0.5m

3m

High performance 66/34 glazing + internal blind

2m

1m

4m

.5

Blind in ventilated cavity

4m3m2m

1m.5

Part L2

Mechanical EngineeringFaçade/System Matching

20 40 60 80 120 140 160 180100 200 220

LWB

Thermal Mass

+Night Vent

Natural Vent

Upflow AC

Chilled Ceilings

Chilled Beams

Fan Coil Units

VAV

Fan VAV

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1

kg

CO

2/m

2/y

r

Typical New Build

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1

kg

CO

2/m

2/y

r

Un-regulated at design:

No change

Energy Efficient Lighting / Controls: -25%

Improved air/water distribution efficiency: -10%

Enhanced Insulation / reduced hot water use: -25%

Enhanced Façade (reduced cooling): -25%

“Best Practice”

15%

Beyond “Best Practice”

Natural Vent (mixed mode)

Minimal coolingReduced occupant energy demands

Change Expectations

Grand Canal Square Offices

Two Buildings, both BREEAM Excellent, A3 BER

100 kWhr/m2/yr

Energy Technologies – Cost Comparison

£0

£200

£400

£600

£800

£1,000

£1,200

Larg

e S

cale

Win

d

Gas

-fire

d C

HP

Bio

mas

s C

HP

Bio

mas

sB

oile

rs

Gro

und

Sou

rce

Hea

t P

umps

Urb

an W

ind

Sol

ar W

ater

Hea

ting

Pho

tovo

ltaic

s

£/tC

O2

save

d€/

t CO

2 sa

ved

€1,500

€1,250

€1,000

€750

€500

€250

€0

Solar Water Heating

DSC vs. Silicon on Angle Effect

Beyond Zero Carbon

Biomass CHP

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1

kg

CO

2/m

2/y

r

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1

kg

CO

2/m

2/y

r

Biomass CHP

24%

-25

-15

-5

5

15

25

35

1k

gC

O2

/m2

/yr

100%

`

Reference Scenario ($60/bbl)

High Oil Price Scenario ($120/bbl)

Assessing the financial benefits of potential interventions

Paul Dunne 21st May 2010

Low Carbon Building SolutionsThank You