26
Thalassaemia in Sri Lanka; l d i Prevalence and Prevention Rasnayaka M Mudiyanse Rasnayaka M Mudiyanse

Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia - Sri Lanka by Rasnayaka M Mudiyanse, Senior Lecturer in Paediatrics at the University of Peradeniya and Consultant Paediatrician at the Teaching Hospital in Peradeniya.

Citation preview

Page 1: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Thalassaemia in Sri Lanka; l d iPrevalence and Prevention

Rasnayaka MMudiyanseRasnayaka M Mudiyanse

Page 2: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Country – Sri LankaCountry  Sri Lanka• Size – 65 610 km2

• Population – 20 653 million• Per capita income 2399 USD• Per capita income 2399 USD• Nine province 25 Districts  Grama Seva divisions 

ffi 500 1000 f ilione officer per 500 – 1000 families • Nine Provincial Directorates of Health  291 Medical Officer of Health (MOH) 43 PHM per 100 000 population 

• Total Births (2010) ‐ 364 565• Total Marriages (2010) ‐ 200 985Total Marriages (2010)  200 985

Page 3: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Country – Sri LankaCountry  Sri Lanka

• Life expectancy – M 68 1 F 76 6 yrs• Life expectancy – M‐68.1, F ‐76.6 yrs • Literacy ratio ‐ 92%. y• Vaccination coverage  ‐ 90%. • CMR – 10.4 per 1000 live births• IMR 8 5 per 1000 live births• IMR – 8.5 per 1000 live births• NMR  ‐ 5.9 per 1000 live births p• MMR ‐ 14.2 per 100 000 births

Page 4: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

History of Thalassaemia in Sri LankaHistory of Thalassaemia in Sri Lanka

• 1950 – four cases of Cooley’s anemia in Sinhalees by C C De Silva at ely

• 1959 – 15 cases of HbE beta thalassaemia C C De Silva and NagarathnamDe Silva and Nagarathnam 

• 1962 – Three families with Hb S • 1995 – 2011 – more advanced studies  1 C C d SILVA d C E S WEERATUNGE COOLEY'S ANAEMIA IN SINHALESE1. C. C. de SILVA and C. E. S. WEERATUNGE , COOLEY'S ANAEMIA IN SINHALESE CHILDREN , Achieves of disease of childhood 19502. N. SAHA and B. BANERJEE idence of Abnormal Haemoglobins in Different Ethnic G f I di H tik 11 300 303 (1971)Groups of Indians Humangenetik 11,300‐‐303 (1971)3. C. C. DE SILVA, M.D., F.R.C.P. D. T. D. BULUGAHAPITIYA, M.B., B.S. JUSTIN DE SILVA SINHALESE FAMLY WITH HAEMOGLOBIN S BY BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL June 2 1962

Page 5: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Thalassaemia in Sri Lanka ‐ Prevalence Sri Lanka  Wayamba

Beta thalassaemia  2350 220

Hb E /b t th l 1060 260Hb E /beta thal.. 1060 260

Total number of pts 3410 480Total number of pts 3410 480

Gene frequency beta 0 011 0 0125Gene frequency beta 0.011 0.0125

Gene frequency e bata 0.0025 0.0075

1. Anuja Premawardana, Life Sciences & Medicine, Human Molecular Genetics Volume13, Thalassemia in Sri Lanka: a progress report ,2 Shanthimala de Silva Lancet 2000: 355: 786 91 Thalassaemia in Sri Lanka:2. Shanthimala de Silva, Lancet 2000: 355: 786–91, Thalassaemia in Sri Lanka: implications for the future health burden of Asian populations

Page 6: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

National Survey on Prevalence ofNational Survey on Prevalence of thalassaemia in Sri Lanka ‐ 2011

Page 7: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

ObjectivesObjectives 

• To establish national prevalence dataT l t th tt f d• To evaluate the pattern of drugs usage by institutionusage by institution

• To evaluate serum ferritin levels• To predict the minimal incidence

Page 8: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

MethodologyMethodology

• Permission from the ministry of health SL• Contacted all the institutions with facilities for blood transfusion

• Collect data• Collect data – Age or date of birth– Sex– Diagnosis (beta thalassaemia, E beta, HB S or other)– Last ferritin level– Amount of chalation drugs used by the institution g y

Page 9: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

ResultsResults 

• Total number of institutions contacted –42 out of 8142 out of 81 

• Hospitals with at least one patient ‐19• Total number of patients traced ‐ 1547

(• Details available up to date – 1379 ( 11 hospitals)hospitals)

Page 10: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Evaluation of 1379 patientsEvaluation of 1379 patients  

• Male ‐ 668 (48.4%) F l 711 (51 6%)• Female ‐711 (51.6%)

• beta thalassaemia – 926 (67 1%)• beta thalassaemia – 926 (67.1%) • e beta thalassaemia ‐ 305 (22.1%)e beta thalassaemia  305 (22.1%) • Others – 148  ( 10.7%) 

Page 11: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Average age after evaluation of 1231 patients  

• Global average age ‐ 12.6 (SD 5.9) yrs• Beta thalassaemia• Beta thalassaemia 

– male 11.9 ( SD 3.8) yrs– female 11.4 (SD 4.8) yrs 

• HbE/Beta thalassaemia• HbE/Beta thalassaemia – Male ‐ 5.3 (SD 6.0) yrs– Female 16.1 (SD 5.6) yrs.

Page 12: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Thalassaemia in Sri Lanka ‐ Prevalence 

Lancet 2000 National survey 2011 ‐ 20122011  2012

Beta thalassaemia  2350 1020 ( 64.8%)/ ( )Hb E /beta thal 1060 348 ( 22.1%)

Total patients 3410 1574 Total patients 34 0 574

Gene frequency B t

0.011(CR 2 2%)

0.0073( C R 1 45%)Beta (CR 2.2%) ( C.R. – 1.45%)

Gene frequency E  0.0025 0.0013 beta  (C.R. ‐0.5%) ( C.R.‐ 0.257%)Incidence  60‐80 66

Shanthimala de Silva at el  Lancet 2000: 355: 786–91, Thalassaemia in Sri Lanka; ……..

Page 13: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Age Frequency Distribution1231 patients  

250

300

200

150Series1

100

0

50

0‐4 yrs 5‐9 yrs 10‐14 yrs

15‐19 yrs

20‐24 yrs

25‐29 yrs

30‐34 yrs

35‐39 yrs

40‐44 yrs

45‐49 yrs

50‐54 yrs

55‐59 yrs

60‐64 yrs

65‐69 yrs

70‐74 yrs

75‐79 yrs

Page 14: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Incidence of thalassaemia in SL?450

Incidence of thalassaemia in SL? 

350

400

250

300

200

250

100

150

0

50

5‐9 yrs 10‐14 yrs 15‐19 yrs

Live Deaths

Page 15: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Th l i P tiThalassaemia Prevention

Teenage screening and promoting safe marriages by motivating the 

bli th h d tipublic  through education

Page 16: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Thalassaemia PreventionThalassaemia Prevention

• Education campaign• Screening protocol • Strategy of Prevention• Monitoring  the progress 

Page 17: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Education to Promote ScreeningEducation to Promote Screening

• School children – Examination question • Higher education institutionsHigher education institutions• General public

– Media– Lectures

• ProfessionalsH lth– Health

– Registrar of marriages, GS

Page 18: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Screening ProtocolRoutine process

• Step 1 – FBC – above 15 yrs, volunteer   – Green card if MCV > 80 fl and MCH > 27 pg– Iron therapy if MCV = or < 80 fl or MCH = or < 27 pg

• Step 2 – Repeat FBC after 3 mo Iron therapyStep 2  Repeat FBC after 3 mo Iron therapy– Green card if MCV > 80 fl and MCH > 27 pg

HPLC if MCV 80 fl MCH 27– HPLC if MCV = or < 80 fl or MCH = or < 27 pg

• Step 3 – HPLC for confirmation– Pink card and counseling for confirmed carriers– If HPLC is negative  hematologists opinion g g p

Page 19: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Screening Protocolwho need early results

• Step 1 – FBC and HPLC    – Green card if MCV > 80 fl and MCH > 27 pgpg– Red card for HPLC positive thal traits Iron therapy if MCV or < 80 fl or MCH or < 27– Iron therapy if MCV = or < 80 fl or MCH = or < 27 pg

• Step 2 – Repeat FBC and HPLC after 3 mo of Iron therapy– Evaluate for false positive HPLC  or MCV/MCH 

Page 20: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Counseling and EducationCounseling and Education

Page 21: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Monitoring the Prevention ProgramMonitoring the Prevention Program 

• Percentage of screen coverage (by PHM division)

• Incidence of high risk marriages• Incidence of high risk marriages• Incidence of high risk pregnanciesIncidence of high risk pregnancies• Incidence of thalassaemia births 

Page 22: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Percentage of ScreeningPercentage of Screening

• At PHM level • 1000 families per PHM• 1000 families per PHM• Indicator of success of educational campaign

f• Indicator of success• 50% screening 75% reduction of• 50% screening  75% reduction of incidence high risk pregnancies  

Page 23: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Incidence of High Risk MarriagesIncidence of High Risk Marriages 

• To be reported by the registrar of marriages• One registrar of marriage register 500 – 1000One registrar of marriage register 500  1000 marriages per year

• When to inquire about thalassaemia statusq• Maintaining confidentiality• Both partners have the right to know  

Page 24: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Incidence of High Risk PregnanciesIncidence of High Risk Pregnancies 

• All the mother are registered• From antenatal clinicFrom antenatal clinic• Late to know but help to monitor

Page 25: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Incidence of Thalassaemia BirthsIncidence of Thalassaemia Births

• To be reported by pediatricians• Late indicatorLate indicator• Helps to plan the management 

Page 26: Sri Lanka - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia

Thank you