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While bio-waste are considered an environment problem in Uganda an economic concern to collect and dispose, it can be turned into an opportunity to provide cleaner and sustainable cooking energy especially to low-income households.
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Waste-to-Energy & Biodiversity
Conservation efforts to aid
adaptationadaptation
Nature Palace Foundation’s experience
David K. Nkwanga,
Nature Palace Foundation
P.O. Box 29455, Kampala, Uganda
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.naturepalaceug.net
Blending Conservation with Development
Outline
• Key determinants of adaptation – the relationship between Food, Water and Energy
• The Cooking Energy paradox in Uganda
• The waste problem
• Waste to Energy: turning a problem into a solution • Waste to Energy: turning a problem into a solution
• The multi-benefits from a WtE Program
• Other Innovative Biodiversity Conservation approaches
• Challenges to adaptation projects in Uganda
• Recommendations
Blending Conservation with Development
Key determinants of grassroots
adaptation
Food
Food Production is influenced by water availability
Climate change impacts like droughts,
Water
Water availability is influenced by vegetation changes/deforestation
Destruction of water catchments is leading to
Energy
Energy needs are a major driver of deforestation
Provision of an alternative energy source Climate change impacts like droughts, variability in seasons, increased incidence of disease & pests etc lead to low productivity
leading to food insecurity.
Destruction of water catchments is leading to drying up of springs and changes in
microclimates that make communities more vulnerable
Provision of an alternative energy source lowers deforestation rates, promotes
conservation of catchments & environmental sustainability
Blending Conservation with Development
Addressing key drivers of biodiversity loss/deforestation is animportant step in promoting adaptation capacities of local
communities
Cooking Fuel Situation in Uganda – a
paradox• Uganda is losing its natural forest
estate at a rate of 2.3% pa, and overall forest cover dropped from 24% - 18% between 1990 and 2005, respectively (FSSD, 2009).
• The country was already wood fuel deficit by 2.7 million cubic metres in 1986 (NEMA, 2008). 1986 (NEMA, 2008).
• Wood fuel; firewood and charcoal remain the main sources of cooking energy available for the majority of Ugandans, providing about 93% of the country’s total cooking energy needs.
• The country’s population growth stands at 3.1 while the world’s average is 1.2 and the country in a few decades is likely to have the worlds’ highest popn growth (PRB, 2011).
Blending Conservation with Development
Waste Situation in Uganda
��70% is bio70% is bio--wastewaste��70% is bio70% is bio--wastewaste��NoNo proper system of collection, proper system of collection, management and disposalmanagement and disposal��OnlyOnly 4040--50% is collected (NEMA,2008)50% is collected (NEMA,2008)��MajorMajor contributor to pollution, clogging of contributor to pollution, clogging of water channels and proliferation of diseasewater channels and proliferation of disease
Blending Conservation with Development
Waste-to-Energy: Turning a problem into a
solution
•Utilizes abundant bio-waste•Saves biodiversity/controls deforestation
•Provides a more effective, economic and cleaner energy source•Improves peoples’ Health through improved Hygiene & Sanitation
•Improves peoples’ livelihoods through Poverty reduction•RAISES PEOPLES’ CAPACITY TO ADAPT
Blending Conservation with Development
Existing Opportunities
• Abundance of bio-waste that is readily
available free or at minimal cost;
• Ready market for fuel briquettes – people are
already stressed with high prices of charcoal already stressed with high prices of charcoal
and firewood;
• Potential for voluntary carbon markets for
long-term financing
Blending Conservation with Development
Potential of WtE in Biodiversity
Conservation & Carbon Trade
•• One briquette (2kg) cooks for approximately 5 One briquette (2kg) cooks for approximately 5 hrs, saving approximately 10 kg of charcoal or hrs, saving approximately 10 kg of charcoal or firewoodfirewood
•• 30 tones of processed bio30 tones of processed bio--waste (char) equals waste (char) equals 15,000 briquettes, equivalent to 75,000 cooking 15,000 briquettes, equivalent to 75,000 cooking 15,000 briquettes, equivalent to 75,000 cooking 15,000 briquettes, equivalent to 75,000 cooking hourshours
•• 75,000 cooking hours are estimated to save an 75,000 cooking hours are estimated to save an equivalent of one hectare of tropical forest.equivalent of one hectare of tropical forest.
•• 75,000 hours = 3,125 days =446 weeks = 111 75,000 hours = 3,125 days =446 weeks = 111 months = 9 years.months = 9 years.
Blending Conservation with Development
Conserved
forest
Briquette
(Fixed
Carbon:
81.0%-83.0%)
Energy
Saving stove
Carbon capture at three levelsPotential for Carbon Trade
Blending Conservation with Development
The multi-benefits of the WtE Strategy
• A promising Income Generating Project for community groups and un-employed youth;
• Control of respiratory problems, especially among women and children that are associated with excess inhaling of smoke;with excess inhaling of smoke;
• Enhancement of hygiene and sanitation conditions in communities and households;
• Contribution to food security;
• Reduces work-load and other gender-based vulnerabilities
Blending Conservation with Development
Other Innovative Biodiversity Conservation approaches1. A community botanic garden
• promoting conservation of important species, with special
emphasis on those that are very essential to the welfare of
local and generally poor communities,;
• Maintains a close link with the community which has
enabled it remain relevant to the neighbouring community
through propagating and availing planting materials and
information on essential medicinal and Food Plants.
2. Home Herbal Gardens
• An initiative aimed at counteracting the rapid loss of plant • An initiative aimed at counteracting the rapid loss of plant
resources through habitat destruction and also promoting
participation of community members in conservation of
species while upholding their knowledge and appreciation
of medicinal plants.
• The initiative involves growing of medicinal plants in
households as home or backyard gardens.
• Species that community members use most in treatment of
common ailments are targeted so that next time they need
them they do not go out looking for them in the wild –
where chances are that they may fail to get them when
they need them.
• People conserve what they know and need, if the
knowledge is lost then the plants, many of which are
endemic may also be lost
Blending Conservation with Development
Innovative Biodiversity Conservation
approaches – cont’diii) Ssese Nature School
Goal: To be a centre of excellence in Conservation Education, Educational Tourism and Scientific research about Ssese Island plant genetic resources.
Objectives of SNS
• Manage living collections of plants genetic resources of Ssese Island system, document their conservation, medicinal, scenic and their conservation, medicinal, scenic and economic values;
• Manage an educational program about plant genetic resources integrated into eco-tourism
• Promote technologies that limit the threat to plant genetic resources like waste-to-energy recycling technologies;
• Develop a system for self-sustenance through income generation, partnership building and resource mobilization.
Blending Conservation with Development
Challenges to adaptation projects in
Uganda• Many Climate Change Impacts among the
heavily natural-resource-dependant poor and ways they struggle to adapt go un-documented and therefore remain unknown.
• There is limited support to many grassroots’ adaptation projects
• Extreme poverty and high dependence on natural resources by the most vulnerable of society.
Blending Conservation with Development
Recommendations
• Collaborations and Partnerships for improved communication and scaling up adaptation and biodiversity conservation projects.
• Supportive Policy frame-works for improved • Supportive Policy frame-works for improved financing of adaptation projects
• Explore more carbon Trade Opportunities for sustainable financing to support adaptation.
• Support for Increased innovation and research in Appropriate Technology
Blending Conservation with Development
Thank You!
www.naturepalaceug.net