FOREST AND WILDLIFE

FOREST

•  A FOREST IS USUALLY AN AREA FILLED WITH TREES BUT ANY TALL DENSELY PACKED AREA OF VEGETATION MAY BE CONSIDERED A FOREST

• A FOREST, ALSO REFERRED TO A WOOD OR THE WOODS, IS AN AREA WITH A HIGH DENSITY OF TREES

• TREE FORESTS COVER APPROXIMATELY 30 PERCENT OF TOTAL LAND AREA, THOUGH THEY ONCE COVERED MUCH MORE ABOUT 50 PERCENT OF TOTAL LAND AREA.

BIODIVERSITY• BIODIVERSITY IS THE DEGREE OF VARIATION OF LIFE FORMS WITHIN A GIVEN SPECIES,

ECOSYSTEM OR BIOME.• "BIODIVERSITY" IS MOST COMMONLY USED TO REPLACE THE MORE CLEARLY DEFINED AND LONG

ESTABLISHED TERMS, SPECIES DIVERSITY AND SPECIES RICHNESS.• BIOLOGISTS MOST OFTEN DEFINE BIODIVERSITY AS THE "TOTALITY OF GENES, SPECIES, AND

ECOSYSTEMS OF A REGION". AN ADVANTAGE OF THIS DEFINITION IS THAT IT SEEMS TO DESCRIBE MOST CIRCUMSTANCES AND PRESENTS A UNIFIED VIEW OF THE TRADITIONAL THREE LEVELS AT WHICH BIOLOGICAL VARIETY HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED:

SPECIES DIVERSITY ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY GENETIC DIVERSITY

SPECIES

• THE SPECIES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO SIX DIFFERENT SPECIES BASED ON IUCN THEY ARE: 1. NORMAL SPECIES2. ENDANGERED SPECIES3. VULNERABLE SPECIES4. RARE SPECIES5. ENDEMIC SPECIES 6. EXTINCT SPECIES

FLORA AND FAUNA

• FLORA AND FAUNA REFER TO PLANT AND WILDLIFE, RESPECTIVELY. • THE INDIGENOUS PLANT AND WILDLIFE OF A GEOGRAPHICAL REGION IS

OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THAT REGION’S FLORA AND FAUNA. • BOTH ARE COLLECTIVE TERMS, REFERRING TO GROUPS OF PLANT OR

WILDLIFE SPECIFIC TO A REGION OR A TIME PERIOD. • FOR EXAMPLE, THE FLORA AND FAUNA OF A WARM REGION MAY CONSIST OF

TROPICAL TO WARM-TEMPERATE VEGETATION AND EXOTIC SPECIES OF BIRDS.

DEPLETION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

• HUMAN USE UP THE FLORA AND FAUNA IN DIFFERENT WAYS SUCH AS MEDICINES , DYES, , FOOD , FODDER ,ETC .

• THE GREATEST DAMAGE INFLICTED ON THE INDIAN FORESTS WAS DURING THE COLONIAL PERIOD . ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT REASONS FOR THIS WAS CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAYS . THER HAVE BEEN LOT OF TREES CUT FOR THE RAILWAY TRACKS WHICH WAS BUILT IN INDIA .

• THE OTHER REASONS ALSO COULD BE AGRICULTURE , COMMERCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC FORESTRY AND MINING ACTIVITIES

TYPES OF FORESTS

THERE ARE THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOREST• RESERVE FOREST• PROTECTED FOREST• UNCLASSED FOREST

DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST

reserved forest64%

protected forest25%

un classed forest11%

reserved forest protected forest un classed forestHOME