Internet of Things, Innovation and India

Syam Madanapalli | Indian Technology Congress 2015

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Outline

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Defining 'Internet of Things' for Beginners

Design and Innovating IoT Applications

Opportunities for IoT Solutions in India

Alfred North Whitehead(1861 – 1947)

Civilization advances by extendingthe number of important operationswhich we can perform withoutthinking about them.

Introduction to Mathematics (1911)

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State and DataData, data and data everywhere

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Expiry Date Heart Rate Name of a Person Current Time

Everything has a State

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State is Expressed with Attributes

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State can be expressed with multiple attributes

Attribute Value

Temperature 24 C

Battery Level 65%

Name Thermostat

Others …

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State Machines

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Sometimes users control the state

Few things expose internal state using state machines

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Bulb

The Need for Data and Control

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Location information

Monitoring of health parameters

Waste level detection

Need current energy tariff

Control lights and appliances

Access control for security

Controlling traffic signals

Parameter setting for machines

Road conditions for traction control

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Data - Some devices have it; other devices or people want to use it

Data Provider Data Users

Thing

State User 1

Data

User 3

Data

User 2

Data

Existence of State and the Need for Data

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How does the User get the Data?

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Data Providers Data Users

Data Providers Data Users

Bridging Data Providers and Users

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Internet CoreMillion nodes

Routers, Servers

Internet FringeBillion nodes

Computers, mobiles

Internet of ThingsTrillion nodes

Sensors, Objects

The Internet Evolution

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Everything has stateState is represented using attributes

State is transitioned into data from owner to usersMany users will have same data for different purpose

The Internet connects the data users to the ownersIt can scale to provide connectivity for trillions of devices

Thing

State

User

Data

Key Takeaways

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Internet

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Internet of ThingsThe next BIG thing on the Planet Earth!

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Irrigation - Manual

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Knowledge

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Irrigation - with the Internet

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Comfort

Internet

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Irrigation - with IoT

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Intelligence

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Internet

Irrigation - IoT allows Innovation

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Smart

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Internet

Self-organizing and self-healing network of objects

Internet as the major communication medium

Exchanging information between object-to-object and object-to-people

Removes physical barriers and helps in smart decision-making by harnessing

the data

Internet of Things - the Definition

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Internet

Aging PopulationRequires better care

Limited ResourcesRequires conservation

Govt. InitiativesBetter citizen services

InnovationNew business models

Safety & SecurityBetter living standards

LifestyleConvenience

Information GenerationMeasurements and

tracking

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Real-time InformationBetter decision making

Smart Grid

Smart Cities

Smart Environment

Safety and Security

Smart Retail

Smart Logistics

Smart Farming

Industrial Control

Customer Service

Smart Homes

eHealthcare

Smart Water

IoT Applications

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1:11:N N:1

Time

Server Computing

Personal Computing

Pervasive Computing

IoT is Pervasive Computing!

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Internet of Things will have direct implications on the physical world

Optimal living

Future for the next generations

Economic development

Job creation

Improved living standards

Empowers people

New business opportunities

Key Takeaway

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More visibility about the real world

Enables agility and faster exception handling

Saves environment, money and even lives

Real-time data

IoT

Better world

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Designing and Innovating IoT ApplicationsA scalable approach for designing the IoT based applications

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NETWORK

TRANSPORT

APPLICATION

MAC

PHY

IEEE 802.15.4, WiFi, Bluetooth low energy*, 3G/LTE, Satellite

IPv6, 6lowpan

TCP/UDP

Protocol Layers for the IoT

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HTTP, CoAP

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Access Technologies for IoT

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Parameter IEEE 802.15.4 WiFi BLE

Frequency Band868, 915MHz

2.4GHz2.4, 5.0 GHz 2.4GHz

Topology Start, Mesh Star Star

Range 100m-3Km 250m 100m

Data Rate 250KBps 600Mbps 1Mbps

PowerBattery, Mains,

HybridMains Battery

Applications Industrial, outdoorsResidential and

office environmentResidential and

personal

Internetworking 6lowpan IPv6 Under development

Low CostPhysical

ConstraintsLossy LinksLow Power

LowBoM

Less Code

Low Range

Low Data

Small Footprint

Self Healing

Minimal or no UI

'Things' - Design Considerations

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Size of Class 0 Class 1 Class 2

Code <100 KiB ~100 KiB ~250 KiB

Data <10 KiB ~10 KiB ~50 KiB

IP Connectivity Gateway CoAP TCP/IP

Processing One simple Function Multiple Functions Flexible

Power Energy Harvesting, Battery, Rechargeable Battery, Mains Power

Moore's law will be used for reduction of cost and power requirements

'Things' - The Constrained Devices

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Design for sleepReceiving is expensiveTime is energy - transmit quickDefine the state modelDefine a set of servicesSize is cost:

Button cell > AAA > AA > MainsSensors

Inputs Outputs

Battery

SoC

Designing the Things

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Typical Spec of a deviceFrequency Band: 2.4GHzData rate: 250 Kbps Operating voltage 1.8 to 3.6 V Tx power: 5dBm (3.2mW)Receiver sensitivity: –98 dBmCurrent consumption:

RX - 22 mA, TX - 33 mA, Sleep - <1 µA

Assumptions:Transaction duration: 3msCurrent consumption, avg: 30mANo. of measurements: 60 per hourNo. of transactions: 80 per hour

CR2032: ~Typical capacity 225 mAh = 810,000,000 mAmsNo. of transactions: 810,000,000 / (30 x 3) = 9,000,000No. of transactions per day: 80 x 24 = 1,920Duration of the battery: 9,000,000 / 1,920 = 4,687 days = 12.8 years

How long a Button Cell would last?

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A temperature serviceA time serviceNo bleeding between users or services

Autonomous Services

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Client behavior need not be definedClient use case determines the use of a serviceAllows innovation in client implementation

Server

Clients

Device

Services

User 1

Attributes

User 2 User 3

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Use case 1: Switching AC ON

Use case 2: Scheduled light ON/OFF

Use case defines how to use the services exposed by the devices

Light Service

Client

Time Service

Temp. Service

AC Service

Use Case

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Autonomous Services - Innovation

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100 Services = 1 267 650 600 228 229 401 496 703 205 375 Use cases

200 Services = more than the number of atoms on the Earth

Autonomous services allow Unlimited Innovation

n Services = (2^n) – 1 possible Use cases

Building Context

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Chairs occupied

Table Interactions

Other inputs

Door Closed

Projector ON

No movement

Time

Other inputs

Lights OFF

Bed Occupied

Meeting is in progressContext

Person is sleepingContext

App Deployment - PAN

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Personal Area IoT Networks

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Large scale/metro area IoT networks

Deployment in Metro Areas

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Key Takeaways

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Application

Use Cases

Services

State

Attribute 1 Attribute 2 … Attribute n

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Business Opportunities for IoT in IndiaKey condiderations for building IoT products and services

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Gandhi

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Local FirstMinimize the distance between producer and consumer!

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi(1869 – 1948)

India

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India - The Land of Opportunity for the Internet of Things!

300M Mobile Internet Users;

Second to China

700K employable

graduates per year; Twice

that of China

Agriculture contributes 25% of GDP; Employment

for 56% Indians

IT contributes 7% of GDP; Saturated at

58% of global market share

GDP is proportional to manufacturing; 1.7% GDP from

Electronics

What does IoT mean for India?

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Internet of Things

India on Threat

India on Threshold

Opportunity

Be Proactive Be Laggard

Produce IoT Solutions Produce Gandhis

India on Technology

Considerations for Building an IoT Product

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Collaborate to innovate

Customer Service is Everything

Focus on traction building and customer acquisition

Identify your customer in the ecosystem

90% Cost savings10x Better experience

Easy fit into the ecosystem

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Your Product/Service

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Elegant Intelligent

Empowering Complete

Deep

The Art of the Start 2.0, Guy Kawasaki

Curve JumpingThe user should continue to get new value

IoT Business Model

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Sunk money subscriptions

If the customer is not ready for this, you do not have a business case.

Recurring Revenues

IoT Markets

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eCommerce and Supply Chain

Large Farms and warehouses

Manufacturing

Energy

Transport

Healthcare

Commercial market is preferred over the consumer and government markets

Focus on RoI in 2 to 3 years

IESA & TiE Assistance for IoT Startups

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IoT for India: TiE and IESA Initiative

http://www.iotforindia.org

Assistance for

Design for Manufacturability

Testing & Certification

Interoperability and Standards

Be Courageous

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Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam(1931 – 2015)

“My message, especially to youngpeople is to have courage to thinkdifferently, courage to invent, totravel the unexplored path, courageto discover the impossible and toconquer the problems and succeed....”

Key Takeaways

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India has lot of opportunities

Build curve jumping solutions

Business model for recurring revenues

Be courageous

Thank You!smadanapal l i@gmai l .com

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