Day-3, Mr. Arvind Gujral, BSES

Energy Efficiency - Distribution

BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.

Arvind Gujral

Head, Network Operations

Significant 8~10% (North

America/ Europe ~ 7%)

Can be reduced but

Unavoidable

Lower Priority – Not on

the radar of most Discoms

More complex – requires

detailed cause analysis

Technical loss in Distribution Network


Cause Analysis

Distribution component inherent losses

– iron and copper losses

Design parameters of network

elements – rated losses

Star rating of transformers

Use of amorphous core –

reduction in iron losses upto

70%



Cause Analysis

Supply Parameters – power

factor, harmonics, imbalance

Load balancing at all voltage

levels

PF control at Grid and

Distribution Transformer level

Harmonics an increasing area

of concern due to extensive

usage of power elctronics, CFLs

etc





Total losses

0.23% 0.27% 0.32% 0.39%0.49%

0.60%0.74%

0.89%1.07%

1.27%

0.00%0.20%

0.40%0.60%

0.80%1.00%

1.20%1.40%

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Total losses

Tranformer Capacity 630 kVA

Assumed Power Factor 0.85 Lag

Full Load Loss 6800 W

No Load Loss 1200 W

Cause analysis

Loading Conditions

Demand Pattern BRPL

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

00

:00

-00

:15

00

:45

-01

:00

01

:30

-01

:45

02

:15

-02

:30

03

:00

-03

:15

03

:45

-04

:00

04

:30

-04

:45

05

:15

-05

:30

06

:00

-06

:15

06

:45

-07

:00

07

:30

-07

:45

08

:15

-08

:30

09

:00

-09

:15

09

:45

-10

:00

10

:30

-10

:45

11

:15

-11

:30

12

:00

-12

:15

12

:45

-13

:00

13

:30

-13

:45

14

:15

-14

:30

15

:00

-15

:15

15

:45

-16

:00

16

:30

-16

:45

17

:15

-17

:30

18

:00

-18

:15

18

:45

-19

:00

19

:30

-19

:45

20

:15

-20

:30

21

:00

-21

:15

21

:45

-22

:00

22

:30

-22

:45

23

:15

-23

:30

Time of Day

De

ma

nd

(M

W) Typical Summer Day

Typical Winter Day

Typical Day in April

Peak

Peak

Peak

Typical BRPL load curve


Since most of the technical loss in the network is I2R loss, the losses will rise in proportion to the square of the current loading.

Energy Input Growth of Delhi


Peak growth (73.7%) is far more than energy growth (34.7%). Undesirable shape of load curve.

Energy Input Growth of Delhi


The growth in peak demand (MVA) at app. 8% far higher than the increase in input energy at app. 4%. Ie the City Load Factor (avg to peak ratio) is deteriorating.

•Since network capacity has to cater to the peak demand, higher Capex is required

•However the capacity to earn returns on the investement will be lower due to the lower growth in actual throughput in MU’s

•Higher technical losses at peak loading conditions

Urgent need for interventions required to flatten the load curve - DSM

DSM – Other Imperatives

• Optimum utilization of Generation, Transmission and Distribution assets

• Discoms typically tie up base load thru long term PPA’s, but peak load power is procured thru bilaterals, at a higher cost

• At the same time excess power during lean periods is being disposed of thru UI mechanism at nominal rates, adding to the average cost of power

• Consumer awarness and participation in energy conservation


DSM for Load curve Flattening

Energy storage

• Electricity rate fluctuates in a day – from maximum to minimum

• Storage system – consumer can store during non peak .

• Storage by Utilities

Demand Response

• Technology to shift load

• Technology to conserve load

• Demand response system


Time of Day Tariffs• Incentive to consumers to shift to off peak hours

• Does not require any new technology/ investment

• Voluntary – consumer friendly

Introduced in Delhi by DERC in 2012 Applicable to non-domestic consumers >100KVA Summers: +10% during peak hrs and -10% during off peak

(peak 3pm- 12midnight, off peak 12-6am) Winters: +5% during peak hours and -10% during off peak

(peak 5-11pm, off peak 11pm to 6am)

Impact found to be marginal, of the order of 2% across the applicable segment

Based on discussions with the Discoms, and their recommendation, this has now been increased to Summers +/- 15% Winters +10/ -15%

TOD Tarrifs in Delhi


Demand response (load response) is “reduction of electricity use by end-use customers in response to power grid needs, economic signals from a competitive wholesale market or special retail rates”

Provide opportunities for end-use customers to realize value for reduction in demand

Demand response can compete equally with generation markets

Demand Response BRPL


BRPL DR ProgramFacilitator to coordinate DR

• Capacity 25 MW

• Availability …… 100 Hrs/ year

• Typical cost 4.75Rs/ KWh .

• Only for volunteers

• Incentive for consumers.

• Response time .. 45 Mins

Becoming popular

It is a virtual generation system – Most environment friendly.

100% contribute when network is on stress. A true peak curtailing mechanism

Leads towards energy Conservation. Consumer become knowledgeable as how to reduce consumption.

Totally Volunteers based

Demand Response

Demand response cannot be compared with load shedding

DR helps in reducing peak technical loss

DR need policy support

Can DR Negawatt can be compared with renewable energy = DR obligation


IF we store energy when it

is surplus & rates are at the

lowest and consume when

there are shortages & rates

are high

DSM Initiatives – Energy Storage


Principle Energy storage is a solution to

flatten the load curve

Energy can be stored in another form – thermal or Battery

When reused – part is lost in process

Stored energy can be used as and when required

Energy Storage - Principle

Electric storage also helps in improving supply quality and Reliability


Energy Storage - Business Model

BRPL had identified a requirement of 100MWh Battery for its grids.

• System Purchase by DISCOM

• Rental basis – banking charges

• Sale –purchase basis

• Charging ( selling to battery)

• Discharging ( buying from battery)


17BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.

[email protected] 011-39999959

mailto:[email protected]