Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
In the area of HCI research the main focus is on defining new ways of human interaction with computer system. With the passes of time a number of inventions have been made in this field. In initial days we used only keyboards to access our computer system (e.g. in Unix Terminal). In Second phase, after invention of mouse and other pointing devices, we started using graphical user interface using pointing devices like mouse which make the use of computer more easy and comfortable. Nowadays we are using pressure-driven mechanism, i.e. touch screen, which is common at ATMs, Mobile phones and PDAs etc. Although it is not as common in daily works but the release of tablet PCs and its popularity shows that the day is not much far when we wouldn’t be having keyboards and mouse at all. All of these inventions have been made for balancing the requirements of society and user. E.g. Games, Multimedia Applications etc are not possible using only-Keyboard so we need mouse driven system for such applications, similarly we cannot have large keyboard on mobile so we need a touch screen system for mobiles. In addition to these traditional HCI models, there are some more advance HCI technology too for adding more flexibility and hence making the product more useful. E.g. swap card system at office doors for attendance and ATM-swap card for shopping. Speech processing systems are also there where we can access our computer system using our speech. Fig 1 shows most popular traditional HCI system.
Citation preview
Seminar
On
“Brain Computer Interface: Next Generation of Human Computer
Interaction”By
Suraj S.Kasture(Final Year A-Section)
Under the guidance of
Prof. A. P. Jadhao
Department Of Computer Science and Engineering
Jawaharlal Darda Institute of Engineering & Technology,
Yavatmal, (M.S), India-445001
Session 2013-14
Contents
Introduction Literature Review Mechanism Of BCI Significance And Relevance Of BCI Technology BCI Application Challenges For BCI The Future Of BCI Technologies Conclusion
Introduction What is Brain Computer Interface? It is a communication channel from a human's brain to a computer,
which does not resort to the usual human output pathways as muscles.
Figure : Traditional HCI System
History Of BCI Hans Berger in 1929 on a device that later came to
be known as electroencephalogram (EEG), which could record electrical potentials generated by brain activity.
The Human Brain The brain is undoubtedly the most complex organ
found among the carbon-based life forms. The average human brain weights around 1400
grams. The most relevant part of brain concerning BMI‘s is the cerebral cortex.
Electroencephalography Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method used in
measuring the electrical activity of the brain.
Figure 3.1: EEG Equipment
Scope of BCI Applications BCI as human computer interaction technique we can have
fastest computer system than we ever had because BCI does not contains manual information transfer at all.
Figure : Different Ways To Interact With Computer.
Literature Review
Existing HCI Technologies Human brain and the EEG in order to design a BMI. pattern recognition approach is based on cognitive
mental tasks. operant conditioning approach is based on the self-
regulation of the EEG response The user activity has three different levels: physical,
cognitive and affective.
Recent Advances in HCI Intelligent and Adaptive HCI Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence
Figure : Canasta Virtual Keyboard
Mechanism Of BCI
Architecture of Brain As per Neurology, science related to brain structure
and other aspects or brain, our brain contains special types of cells called neurons. We have intelligence due to specific arrangement of neurons in our brain.
Reading brain using Electroencephalography (EEG)
EEG, study of brain signals, is a technique which makes us capable to read the potential pattern develops in our brain.
EEG is core technique behind BCI.
Abstract view of BCI system Thinking in Brain Reading Brain by EEG Analysis of EEG spectrum Recognizing EEG spectrum Converting into suitable computer signal Sending the signals to computer system Feedback to User
Figure : Components of a BCI system
Significance And Relevance Of BCI Technology
BCI and Web Technology A very prominent benefit of a web-application over a
desktop application is that it is platform as well as devices independent.
Advance web technologies like Cloud Computing in conjunction with Mobile technology has potential to change the shape of our work place from desktop based to web and mobile based.
BCI in Medical Science BCI has a large range of applications in medical science
ranging from brain treatment to neuroprosthesis.
BCI vs. Eco friendly IT BCI system facilitates operating of a computer
system without having a large number of accessories it makes a computer system very highly Eco-friendly.
BCI and Society BCI has a very promising future for those who
cannot use computer system due to their physical limitation or they are not able to understand the terminology. Since BCI does not require any physical connection.
BCI Applications
The Mental TypewriterBCI offers paralyzed patients improved
quality of lifeMilitary Applications
Challenges For BCI
Noise Filtering Clustering of Neuron Signal Acquisition User Interface Design
The Future Of BCI Technologies Future task-oriented BCIs, based on advances in sensor
technologies, analysis algorithms, artificial intelligence, multi-aspect sensing of the brain, behavior, and environment through pervasive technologies, and computing algorithms, will be capable of collecting and analyzing brain data for extended time periods and are expected to become prevalent in many aspects of daily life. If and when brain-sensing technologies are worn during portions of people’s daily lives, the possibility of using the BCI infrastructure for “opportunistic” applications arises.
Conclusion
In this seminar I presents various aspects of BCI system
inclusion its structure, applications and promises to IT world.
Various challenges which need to address for making BCI a
successful and consumable technology. The main motivation of
the seminar is to bring this new emerging technology to the
front BCI development depends on close interdisciplinary
cooperation between neuroscientists, engineers, psychologists,
computer scientists, and rehabilitation specialists. BMI‘s will
have the ability to give people back their vision and hearing.
They will also change the way a person looks at the world.
References
[1] FakhreddineKarray et.al”Human-Computer Interaction: Overview on State of the Art” International journal on smart sensing and intelligent systems, VOL. 1, NO. 1, MARCH 2008, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
[2] Sandeepkumar And MedhaSharma,”BCI: Next Generation for HCI”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering,Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2012
[3] Ros T, Munneke MA et.al”Endogenous control of waking brain rhythms induces neuroplasticity in humans”, European Journal of Neuroscience Volume 31, Issue 4, pages 770–778, February 2010
[4] C Neuper,G.R Müller et.al”Clinical application of an EEG-based brain–computer interface: a case study in a patient with severe motor impairment”, Clinical Neurophysiology Volume 114, Issue 3 , Pages 399-409, March 2003
[5] Honda, ATR and Shimadzu Jointly Develop Brain-Machine Interface Technology Enabling Control of a Robot by Human Thought Alone, Honda News Release, March 31, 2009
[6] Azevedo, Frederico; Carvalho,et. al. (2009). "Equal numbers of neuronal and nonneuronal cells make the human brain an isometrically scaled-up primate brain". The Journal of Comparative Neurology
[7] The human brain in numbers: a linearly scaled-up primate brain, Frontiers In Human NeuroscienceRetrieved May 11, 2011.
[8] M. Teplan, Fundamentals of EEG measurement‖, institute of measurement science, slovak academy of sciences, slovakia, measurement science review, volume 2, section 2, 2002
[9] D. B. Ryan; G. E. Frye; G. Townsend; D. R. Berry; S. Mesa-G; N. A. Gates; E. W. Sellers, Predictive Spelling With a P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface: Increasing the Rate of Communication, IJHCI 2010-12-30 Volume 27 Issue 1
[10] Doron Friedman; Robert Leeb; GertPfurtscheller; Mel Slater, Human-Computer Interface Issues in Controlling Virtual Reality With Brain-Computer Interface, HCI 2010 Volume 25 Issue 1
[11] Andrew T. Campbell, TanzeemChoudhury et.al NeuroPhone: Brain-Mobile Phone Interface using a Wireless EEG Headset, MobiHeld 2010, August 30, 2010, New Delhi, India.
[12] Molina, G.G.; Tsoneva, T.; Nijholt, A.; Philips Res. Eur., Eindhoven, Netherlands, Emotional brain-computer interfaces, 3rd International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction and Workshops, 2009. ACII 2009
