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5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES- Still 4G auction not over, but time to start talking 5G
Melateiskhem GiriElectronics and Communication
Adichunchanagiri Institute of TechnologyChikmagalur
Saima RiazElectronics and Communication
Adichunchanagiri Institute of TechnologyChikmagalur
Abstract — The wireless industry is busy with standardization offourth generation cellular networks. The 4G standards are expectedto be concluded in the next year or two. 4G wireless system cannotexist in today’s market without standardization. The 4G conceptalready moved to the standardization phase, we must begin to workon building blocks of the 5G wireless networks. The major difference,from a user point of view, between current generations and expected5G techniques must be something else than increased maximumthroughput; other requirements include low battery consumption,more secure. We refer to this goal as enabling the 4A’s paradigm i.e.Any rate, Anytime, Anywhere and Affordable. In particular, this paperfocuses on the features such as broadband internet in mobile phoneswith a possibility to provide internet facility in the computer by justconnecting the mobile and with a speed of 10Gbps and more. In 5Gresearches are being made on development of World Wide WirelessWeb (WWWW), Dynamic Adhoc Wireless Networks (DAWN) andReal Wireless World.
Keywords—1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, GSM
INTRODUCTION
We are living in modern science. We cannot think asingle moment without science. Science makes our life easyand comfortable. Modern world is being compressed due tothe development of science and its technologies. During thelast few decades, the world has seen phenomenal changes inthe telecommunications industry due to science andtechnology. We have different mobile and wirelesscommunication technologies, which are mass deployed, suchas WiMAX, Wi-Fi, LTE (Long Term Evolution), 3G mobilenetworks (UMTS, cdma2000) and 4G as well asaccompanying networks, such as personal area networks (e.g.,Bluetooth, ZigBee) or sensor networks. Mobile terminalsinclude variety of interfaces, such as GSM is one, which arebased on old-fashioned circuit switching, the technology thatis going into its last decade of existence. These technologies(mainly cellular generations) differ from each other based onfour main aspects: radio access, data rates, bandwidth andswitching schemes . These differences have been noticed inprevious generations (1G, 2G, 2.5G and 3G etc.). Inaccordance to, we are exploring the most advance cellulartechnology, could be 5G.
5G Technology stands for 5th Generation MobileTechnology. 5G technology has changed to use cell phoneswithin very high bandwidth. 5G is a packet switched wirelesssystem with wide area coverage and high throughput. 5Gtechnologies use CDMA and BDMA and millimeter wireless
that enables seed is greater than 100Mbps at full mobility andhigher than1Gbps at low mobility. The 5G technologiesinclude all types of advanced features which make 5Gtechnology most powerful and in huge demand in the nearfuture. It is not amazing, such a huge collection of technologybeing integrated into a small device. The 5G technologyprovides the mobile phone users more features and efficiency.A user of mobile phone can easily hook their 5G technologygadget with laptops or tablets to acquire broadband internetconnectivity. Up till now following features of the 5Gtechnology have come to surface- High resolution is offeredby 5G for extreme mobile users, it also offers bidirectionalhuge bandwidth , higher data rates and the finest Quality ofService (QoS).
EVOLUTION FROM 0G TO 5G
Classical 0G
Wireless telephone started with what you might call 0G. thegreat ancestor is the mobile telephone service that becameavailable just after World War II. Technologies use in 0Gsystems included PTT (Push To Talk), MTS (Mobile TelephoneSystem), IMTS (Improved Mobile Telephone Service), AMTS(Advanced Mobile Telephone System).
1G:GSM
0G vision proved wrong when the GSM concretely came tolife in 1990-91 in Finland.1G was old analog system andsupported the 1st generation of analog cell phones speed up to2.4kbps. Advance mobile phone system (AMPS) was firstlaunched by the US and is a 1G mobile system. It allows usersto make voice calls in one country.
Fig.1: 1G Mobile Phone1G technology replaced 0G technology, which featured mobileradio telephones and such technologies as Mobile TelephoneSystem (MTS), Advanced Mobile Telephone System (AMTS),Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS), and Push to Talk(PTT).
2G
2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launchedon the GSM standard in Finland by Radio linja in 1991. 2Gtechnologies enabled the various mobile phone networks toprovide the services such as text messages, picture messagesand MMS (multimedia messages). 2G technology is moreefficient.. It was planned for voice transmission with digitalsignal and the speeds up to 64kbps.2G technology holdssufficient security for both the sender and the receiver. All textmessages are digitally encrypted. This digital encryptionallows for the transfer of data in such a way that only theintended receiver can receive and read it. Second generationtechnologies are either time division multiple access (TDMA)or code division multiple access (CDMA). TDMA allows forthe division of signal into time slots. CDMA allocates eachuser a special code to communicate over a multiplex physicalchannel. Different TDMA technologies are GSM, PDC, iDEN,I.S-136. CDMA technology is IS-95.
GSM has its origin from the Group Special Mobile, inEurope. GSM is also stands for Global System for mobilecommunication. Now GSM is used in more than 212 countriesin the world. GSM technology was the first one to helpestablish international roaming. In comparison to 1G's analogsignals, 2G's digital signals are very reliant on location andproximity.
Fig.2: 2G Mobile Phone
2.75G:EDGE
Which is a pretty recent standard allows for downloadingfaster. Since mobile devices have become both a TV and aWalkman or music player, people needed to be able to watchstreaming video and download mp3 files faster that´s preciselywhat EDGE allows for and that’s for the good news. The badnews is that if EDGE rock sat downloading, it´s protocol is asymmetrical hence making EDGE suck at uploading i.e.broadcasting videos of yours for instance. Still an interestingachievement thanks to which data packets can effectivelyreach 180 Kbytes/sec. EDGE is now widely being used.
3G:UMTS
Third generation (3G) services combine high speed mobileaccess with Internet Protocol (IP)-based services. The mainfeatures of 3G technology include wireless web base access,multimedia services, email, and video conferencing. The 3GW-CDMA air interface standard had been designed for―always-on‖ packet-based wireless service, so that computer,entertainment devices and telephones may all share the samewireless network and be connected internet anytime,anywhere. 3G systems offer high data rates up to 2 Mbps, over5 MHz channel carrier width, depending on mobility/velocity,and high spectrum efficiency. The data rate supported by 3Gnetworks depends also on the environment the call is beingmade in; 144 kbps in satellite and rural outdoor, 384 kbps inurban outdoor and 2Mbps in indoor and low range outdoor.The frequency band is 1.8 - 2.5 GHz.
Fig.3: 3G Mobile Phone
3.5G:HSDPA
It is theoretically six times faster than UMTS. Practicallyspeaking this would mean, downloading a mp3 file would takeabout 30 seconds instead of something like 2 minutes.
4G
The basic feature of 3G Technology is fast data transferrates. However this feature is not currently working properlybecause, ITU 200 is still making decision to fix the data rates.Network authentication has won the trust of users, because theuser can rely on its network as a reliable source of transferringdata. . 4G is a conceptual framework and a discussion point toaddress future needs of a high speed wireless network. It isexpected to emerge around 2010 – 2015. 4G should be able toprovided very smooth global roaming ubiquitously with lowercost.
Some of the applications are:
1. Mobile TV – a provider redirects a TV channel directly tothe subscriber's phone where it can be watched.
2. Video on demand – a provider sends a movie to thesubscriber's phone.
3. Video conferencing – subscribers can see as well as talk to
each other.
4. Location-based services – a provider sends localizedweather or traffic conditions to the phone, or the phone allowsthe subscriber to find nearby businesses or friends
5. Mobile ultra-broadband (gigabit speed) access and multi-carrier transmission.
6. Mobile WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability forMicrowave Access)
Fig.4: 4G Mobile Phone
5G
5G Wireless Communication System is not deployed yet.The big challenge for the design and deployment of 5Gwireless system can be faced easily as proposed features andarchitecture (mentioned below) that will increase systemcapacity and quality within the limited available frequencyspectrum, whose frequency band and Data Bandwidth will be‗3-300GHz‘ and ‗1Gbps & higher (as demand)‘ successively.The remarkable issue, there don‘t have any limitation in 5G asrespect to user demands in the next 200 years. The 5G alsoimplies the whole wireless world interconnection (WISDOM—Wireless Innovative System for Dynamic Operating Megacommunications concept), together with very high data ratesof the Quality of Service (QoS) applications.
Fig.5: Evolutional changes in mobile technologies.
WHAT IS 5G
This paper mainly focuses on how a 5G network canprovide more facilities approach to a common man to utilizehis available possessions in an enormous way to make him tofeel the real progress. As a user point of view, the majordifference between current generations and expected 5Gtechniques must be something else than increased maximumthroughput. 5G is to be a new technology that will provide allthe possible applications, by using only one universal device,and interconnecting most of the already existingcommunication infrastructures. The 5G terminals will be anupgradable multimode and cognitive radio- enabled. It willhave software defined radio modulation schemes. All therequired upgradable software should be downloaded from theInternet on the run. The 5G mobile networks will focus on thedevelopment of the user terminals where the terminals willhave access to different wireless technologies at the same timeand will consolidate various flows from various technologies.Besides, the terminal will make the ultimate choice amongdifferent wireless/mobile access network providers for a givenservice.
WHAT 5G TECHNOLOGY OFFERS?
5G Technology going to be a new mobile revolution inmobile market. Through 5G technology now you can useworldwide cellular phones and this technology also strike thechina mobile market and a user being proficient to get accessto Germany phone as a local phone. With the coming out ofcell phone alike to PDA now your whole office in your fingertips or in your phone. 5G technology has extra ordinary datacapabilities and has ability to tie together unrestricted callvolumes and infinite data broadcast within latest mobileoperating system.
5G technology has a bright future because it can handle besttechnologies and offer priceless handset to their customers.May be in coming days 5G technology takes over the worldmarket. 5G Technologies have an extraordinary capability tosupport Software and Consultancy. The Router and switchtechnology used in 5G network providing high connectivity.The 5G technology distributes internet access to nodes withinthe building and can be deployed with union of wired orwireless network connections. The current trend of 5Gtechnology has a glowing future.
FEATURES OF 5G
1. It could make better revenue for current globaloperators as well as interoperability will become morefeasible.
2. Improved and innovative data coding and modulationtechniques, which includes filter bank multi carrier way inschemes. 3. For wireless access and back haul use of millimeterwave frequencies is very useful.
4. With the support of different conduction points withrelated coverage and surrounding the option of a suppleusage of resources for uplink and down link transmission
in each cell is achieved by superior intrusion and mobilitymanagement.
5. To make 5G practical for all sorts of radio accesstechnologies there should be a common platform uniquefor all the technologies. 6. Lower battery consumption. 7. Lower outage probability. 8. Better coverage and high data rates available at celledge. 9. Multiple concurrent data transfer paths. 10. Possible to1Gbps and higher data rate in mobility. 11. More secure; better cognitive radio/SDR Security. 12. Higher system level spectral efficiency.
13. World Wide Wireless Web (WWWW), wireless-based web applications that include full multimediacapability beyond 4G speeds.
14. More applications combined with ArtificialIntelligent (AI) as human life will be surrounded byartificial sensors which could be communicating withmobile phones. 15. Not harmful to human health. 16. Cheaper traffic fees due to low infrastructuredeployment costs. 17. Smart beam antenna systems.
ADVANTAGES OF 5G
It is designed for 5G communication system to fulfillthe limitless target up to the next two centuries, the commonfeatures as following;
1. Files can be downloaded (even movies) withinseconds.
2. Pages will upload almost instantly. 3. Can play easily online games. 4. 5G devices are comparatively less expensive than 3G
and 4G devices. 5. Using 5G the battery runs out very fast. 6. Finest Quality of Service (QoS). 7. All Networks can be gathered on a platform. 8. Easily support previous generations.
9. New deployments of 5G can be connected directlywith The Mastercore by 5G -IU (5G Interfacing Unit)without All IP concept.
10. No limitation as user demands. 11. Ability to support the new services. 12. World combination services are available. 13. The MasterCore‘s hardware and software are
upgradeable. 14. Able to fill user‘s demand up to next century. 15. Subscribers can store data in central storage. 16. Remote PCs can be controlled by handsets.
17. Subscriber can use application software withoutinstallation in own devices that provided by theMasterCore.
18. Security is distributed several layers. 19. The MasterCore can manage all securities of PSTNs,
MSC, and BTS etc.
20. The high quality services of 5G technology based onPolicy to avoid error.
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
CW: A World Wide Wireless Web is capable of supportinga comprehensive wireless-based Web application that includesfull graphics and multimedia capability at beyond 4G speeds.
WCDMA: Wideband CDMA is a technology for widebanddigital radio communications of multimedia and othercapacity demanding applications. It is adopted by ITU underthe name IMT-2000 direct spread.
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network is a regular voicetelephone network. Spread Spectrum: It is a form of wirelesscommunication in which the frequency of the transmittedsignal is deliberately varied over a wide range. This results ina higher bandwidth of the signal than the one without variedfrequency.
TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access is a technology forsharing a medium by several users by dividing into differenttime slots transmitting at the same frequency.
UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System is thethird generation mobile telephone standard in Europe that wasproposed by ETSI.
WAP: Wireless Application Protocol defines the use ofTCP/IP and Web browsing for mobile systems.
CDMA-2000: Sometimes also known as IS-136 and IMT-CDMA multicarrier (1X/3X) is an evolution of narrowbandradio transmission technology known as CDMA-ONE orCDMA or IS-95.1X refers to the use of 1.25 Mhz. channelswhile 3X refers to 5 Mhz. channels.
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
5G network technology will reveal a new era inmobile communication technology. The 5G mobile phoneswill have access to different wireless technologies at the sametime and the terminal should be able to combine differentflows from different technologies. 5G technology offer highresolution for crazy cell phone user. 5G technology willprovide supper and perfect utilization of cellularcommunication in future. We can monitor any place of theworld from anywhere, observe space and watch TV channelsat HD clarity in our mobile phones without any interruption.There will be exciting amusement unbelievable services. The5G mobile phones will be a tablet PC and amazing. Manymobile embedded technologies will evolve. Beyond 5G: The future enhancement of Nano-core will be
incredible as it combines with artificial intelligent (AI). Onecan able to control his intelligent Robot using his mobilephone. Your mobile can automatically type the message whatyour brain thinks. We might get a circumstance where wedon’t require any spectrum for communication. 6G technologyhaven’t been fully revealed yet but search phrases like what is6g mobile technology, 6g technology, 6g mobile, 6g network,6g wiki, 6g technology ppt. are getting more familiar with newmobile technology getting evolved.
CONCLUSION
In this paper we have discussed the existing andfuture wireless mobile communication generations andcellular systems focusing on four main key factors: switchingschemes, bandwidth, data rates, and radio access, also 5Gmain development challenges and explained the necessity for5G. The 5G mobile technology will be implemented at the endof the current decade.The idea of WWWW, world-wide wireless web, is startedfrom 4G technologies. 5G evolution will be based on 4G.Thus, 5G should make an important difference and add moreservices and features to the world over 4G. 5G should be moreintelligent technology that interconnects the entire worldwithout limits. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a multibandwidth data path scheme for 5G real wireless world,completed WWWW, we refer to this goal as enabling the 4A’sparadigm- Any rate, Anytime, Anywhere, Affordable.
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