4G

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a) Introduction

b) What is 4G?

c) Why 4G?

d) Evolution of 4G

e) Infrastructure of 4G

f) 3G Vs. 4G

g) Advantages of 4G

h) Disadvantages

i) Technologies used in 4G

j) Applications

k) 4G in India

l) Conclusion

INDEX

INTRODUCTION

4G Fourth generation (4G) also Known as Next Generation Network (NGN)

High Speed Data Access

High Quality Streaming video

Combination of Wi-Fi and Wi-Max

CONT… 4G, the successor of 3G, will soon become

the standard for cellular wireless The technology is currently available in some

countries but it is still being perfected The aim is to achieve “ultra broadband

speed” – to be counted in gigabytes per second

WHAT IS 4G? ITU designed 4G in 2002 with the official name “3G

Long-Term Evolutions” or 3.9G Will allow users to download a full-length feature film

within five minutes Will also be able to stream high-definition television and

radio to hand-held devices The basic difference between 3G and 4G is in data

transfer and signal quality

CONT… The highest download and upload speed in 3G are 14

Mbps and 5.8 Mbps respectively In 4G the download speed is up to 100 Mbps for moving

users and 1 Gbps for stationary users 4G is adoption of packet switching instead of circuit

switching in voice and video calls

WHY 4G?

Due to Substantial growth in overall number of

subscribers

Due to massive demand of new services like

• Data

• Audio

• Image

• Video

EVOLUTION OF 4G

INFRASTRUCTURE OF 4G There are three primary technologies that support 4G –

Wi-Max, LTE, and UMB The main doubt is whether to implement Wi-Max or

LTE The advantages of LTE are:

(i) Faster speed with 100 Mbps for download and 50 Mbps for upload

(ii) It makes CDMA and GSM database moot

(iii) It offers both FDD and TDD duplexing

 

3G VERSUS 4G 3G:Back compatible to 2G. Circuit and packet switched networks. Combination of existing & evolved equipment. Data rate (up to 2Mbps). 4G:Extend 3G capacity. Entirely packet switched networks. All network elements are digital. Higher bandwidth (up to 100Mbps).

ADVANTAGES OF 4GBetter data rateBetter securityBetter handoffTotally IP oriented.Supports lower generation communication systemNetwork capacity is moreSupport for multimedia services like

teleconferencing and wireless internet.

DISADVANTAGES It is Costly than 3G

Battery Usage is More

Hard to implement

Need Complicated Hardware

TECHNOLOGIES USED IN 4G

Software Defined Radio (SDR)

IPv6

Smart Antennas

OFDM

SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO(SDR)

It can be configured to any radio or frequency standard through the use of software.

The phone should automatically switch from operating on a CDMA frequency to a TDMA frequency whenever it is required.

Users can just download the interface upon entering new territory, or the software could just download automatically.

IPV6 IPv6 means Internet Protocol Version 6 . It is used to locate devices. IPv6 has a much larger address space than IPv4. Its addresses take the form x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x Where each x is the hexadecimal value that makes up

one eighth of the address. Example :

FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210.

SMART ANTENNAS Digital Wireless communication system.

Use diversity effect(transmission/reception of multiple RF waves to increase data speed and reduce effect)at source or destination or at both ends.

SISO(single input single output)a) Conventional wireless communicationb) Multipath effect causes fading c) Reduction of data speed.Major categories:a) SIMOMISOb) MIMO(eliminates the multipath effect)

OFDM(ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING)

OFDM is a multicarrier system Uses Discrete Fourier Transform/Fast Fourier Transform(DFT/FFT) Available bandwidth is divided into very many narrow

bands is transmitted in parallel.

APPLICATIONS

Traffic Control

Virtual Navigation

Multimedia video services

Telemedicine

Tele geo processing

4G IN INDIAHas already begun the process of introducing 4G

It is felt that by the time the implement 3G fully, 4G technologies such as LTE will be available commercially

It has taken three years for the government to decide on 3G-spectrum auction policy

4G could face the same delay unless India wants to catch up with the rest of the world

CONCLUSION Future wireless networks will need to support

diverse IP multimedia applications to allow sharing of resources among multiple users.

Projected 4G systems offer this promise of a standard that can be embraced worldwide through its key concept of integration.