4G -TECHNOLOGY

PRESENTED BYSonu kushwahaSec-3D-2Roll No-24

CONTENT• INTRODUCTION• NEED FOR 4G• HISTORY• EVOLUTION OF 4G• VISION OF 4G• KEY 4G TECHNOLOGIES• COMPARISON BETWEEN 3G AND 4G• APPLICATIONS• CHALLANGES• ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES• FUTURE OF 4G• CONCLUISION

INTRODUCTION 4G is the fourth generation wireless

n/w communication technology standard.

This new generation of wireless is intended to compliment & replace the 3G system .

The 4G infrastructure will consist of a set of various n/w using IP (internet protocol) as a common protocol.

The 4G system will interoperate with 2G& 3G systems , as well as with digital (broadband) broadcasting systems.

In addition .4G system will be fully IP-based wireless internet.

NEED FOR 4G Firstly 3G’s maximum data transfer

rate of 384 Kbps to 2mbps is slower than 20 to 100 Mbps of 4G.

With its use of existing technologies & communication standards ,4G present a comparably inexpensive standard .

4G will utilize most of the existing wireless communication infrastructure .

4G provides large number of services to the end users at high speed.

HISTORYThe history and evolution of mobile service from the 1G (first generation) to fourth generation are discussed in this section. This process began with the designs in the 1970s that have become known as 1G. The earliest systems were implemented based on analog technology and the basic cellular structure of mobile communication. Many fundamental problems were solved by these early systems.

Technology 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 4G

Design 1970 1980 1985 1990 2000Implementation 1984 1991 1999 2002 2010

Services Ana log voice , synchronous data 9.6 kbps

Digital voice short message

Higher capacity packetized data

Higher capacity broadband data up to 2 mbps

Higher capacity completely IP based

Data bandwidth 1.9 kbps 14.4 kbps 384 kbps 2 mbps 200 mbps

Multiplexing FDMA TDMA , CDMA

TDMA .CDMA

CDMA CDMA

VISION OF 4G This new generation of wireless is

intended to complement and replace the 3G systems, perhaps in 5 to 10 year.

The future 4G infrastructures will consist of a set of various networks using IP (Internet protocol) as a common protocol so that users are in control because they will be able to choose every application and environment.

These features mean services can be delivered and be available to the personal preference of different users and support the users' traffic, air interfaces, radio environment, and quality of service

KEY 4G TECHNOLOGIES

OFDMA• OFDMA can be used for the downlink

transmission of the symbols for achieving high spectral efficiency. It provides high performance on full bandwidth usage.

• OFDMA is compatible with other technologies such as Multiple Input Multiple Output and smart antennas.

• OFDM not only improves the performance of the physical layer but also adds to the improvement of the Data Link Layer

CONTD…

Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output• This is an antenna technology which

uses multiple channels in radios to provide the functions of both the transmitter and receiver of data signals sent over the network

• It provides high spectral efficiency and link reliability facilitating significant increase in the data throughput and radio link usage without additional bandwidth and transmission power

COMPARISON BETWEEN 3G AND 4G

3G 4G

Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in

mobile mode

Frequency Band Dependent on country

or continent (1800-2400

MHz)

Higher frequency

bands (2-8 GHz)

Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)

Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid - Integration of

Wireless LAN (WiFi,

Bluetooth) and wide area

Access Technologies W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge OFDM and MC-CDMA

(Multi Carrier CDMA)

WHAT REQUIRES FUTURE’S 4G NETWORK To achieve a 4G standard, a new

approach is needed to avoid the divisiveness we've seen in the 3G.

One promising underlying technology to accomplish this is multicarrier modulation (MCM), a derivative of frequency-division multiplexing.

Forms of multicarrier systems are currently used in digital subscriber line (DSL) modems, and digital audio/video broadcast (DAB/DVB).

APPLICATIONS

VIRTUAL NAVIGATION AND TELEGEOPROCESSING:-

You will be able to see the internal layout of a building during an emergency rescue. This type of application is some time referred to as ‘telegeo processing’.

TELEMEDICINE:-A paramedic assisting a victim of a traffic accident in a remote location could access medical records (X-rays) and establish a video conference so that a remotely based surgeon could provide ‘on-scene’ assistance.

CONTD……..

CRISIS MANAGEMENT APPLICATION In the event of natural disasters where the entire communications infrastructure is in disarray, restoring communications quickly is essential. With wideband wireless mobile communications, limited and even total communication capability (including Internet and video services) could be set up within hours instead of days or even weeks required at present for restoration of wire line communications

CHALLANGES

As all the network operators and service provide would share a common core network

infrastructure, compromise of a single operator will lead to the collapse of the entire network infrastructure.

Third-parties can masquerade as legitimate users resulting in theft of service and billing frauds.

Since 4G is a secure IP based solution it will be vulnerable to all the security threats as the current Internet world.

ADVANTAGES

Support for interactive multimedia services like teleconferencing and wireless Internet.

Wider bandwidths and higher bit rates. Global mobility and service portability. Scalability of mobile network. Digital network elements. Higher band widths to provide

multimedia services at lower cost(up to 100 Mbps).

Entirely Packet-Switched networks.

DISADVANTAGES

Expensive. Battery uses are more. Hard to implement Need complicated hardware.

FUTURE There are some good reasons for 4G development and a variety of current and evolving technologies to make 4G a reality. Both service providers and users want to

reduce the cost of wireless systems and the cost of wireless services.

Lesser the expensive of the system, the more people whowill want to own it.

4Gs flexibility will allow the integration of several differentLAN and WAN technologies.

Finally, the 4G wireless system would truly go into a "one sizefits all" category, having a feature set that meets the needs ofjust about everyone.

CONCLUSION All totally the best way to help all users

is to use 4G as the next wireless system and in totally it is safety and secure for public, this the need that demands the solution.

Today’s wired society is going towards wireless and if it has problem, 4G is answer.

REFERENCES J. Ibrahim. 4G Features. Bechtel

Telecommunications and Technical Journal, Volume 1, Number.1, December 2002.

Frattasi, S.; Fathi, H.; Fitzek, F.H.P.; Katz, M.D.; Prasad, R. Defining 4G Technology from the User’s Perspective. IEEE Volume 20, Issue 1, Jan.-Feb. 2006.

Suk Yu Hui, Kai Hau Yeung. Challenges in the Migration to 4G Mobile Systems. Communications Magazine, IEEE Volume 41, Issue 12, Dec. 2003.

Yongsuk Park, Taejoon Park. A Survey of Security Threats on 4G Networks. Globecom Workshops, 2007, IEEE, Nov. 2007.