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Presented by: Dinesh Marothia, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), New Delhi. Presented at: IWMI-TATA Annual Partners' Meet Date: Nov 28-30,2012
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SRI : Lessons from SRI : Lessons from ChhattisgarhChhattisgarh
Dinesh MarothiaDinesh MarothiaNational Institute of Ecology (NIE), New DelhiNIE – Centre for Integrated Natural Resources
Management, Raipur, CG
IWMI-TATA ANNUAL PARTNERS’ MEETIRMA, Nov 28-30,2012
Presentation Line
People, Resources and Rice Scenario
SRI Performance
Farmers’ Feedback
Implementing Agencies’ Feedback
Steps to Accelerate SRI
Drivers of Success/Failure
Northern Hills Zone
Chhattisgarh Plains Zone
Bastar Plateau Zone
Agro Climatic Zones
ORISSA
A.P.
JHK
MAHA
M.P.
Agro-Climatic Zones
Agro-Climatic Zones
District Covered Geographical
Area ( Lakh ha)
% of Total
Geographical
Area
Net Cropped
Area
(Lakh ha)
% of Net Cropped
Area
Northern
Hills
Sarguja, Koriya, Jashpur,
Dharamjaigarh (Raigarh)29.47 21 8.41 18
Chhattis-
garh
Plains
Raipur, Mahasamund,
Dhamtari, Durg, Rajnandgaon,
Kabirdham, Bilaspur, Korba,
Janjgir, Kanker and Raigarh
68.49 50 32.91 69
Bastar
Plateau
Jagdalpur, Dantewada,
Bijapur, Narayanpur, the
remaining part of Kanker
39.91 29 6.37 13
Total 137.87 100 47.69 100
Chhattisgarh State falls within the metrological zone VII (Eastern Plateau and Hills zone), which is sub-divided into 3 distinct agro-climatic zones
Chhattisgarh State falls within the metrological zone VII (Eastern Plateau and Hills zone), which is sub-divided into 3 distinct agro-climatic zones
People and ResourcesPeople and ResourcesPeople and ResourcesPeople and Resources Total state population : 45 % SC & ST.
44 % of people live below poverty line.
Land shares: Marginal farmers (54%) share 15% of land; Small farmers
(22%) share 20%; Semi-medium farmers (16%) share 26%, Medium farmers
(8%) share 27%; and Large farmers (1%) share 12%.
Total labor force: Cultivators (45%) and agricultural labors (32)%.
Gross cropped area: 46.42 %of TGA.
Rainfall: ranges from 1200 mm to 1600 mm across the agro-climatic zone.
Soils: largely red and yellow in nature with medium texture.
Total irrigation: 13.23 lakh hectares.
Total irrigated area: 28 % of total cropped area.
Irrigated areas served by: Canals (66%), Tanks (4%), Tubewells (22%),
Wells (2%) and Other sources (6%).
Rice Cultivation Scenario in Chhattisgarh Rice Cultivation Scenario in Chhattisgarh Rice constitutes 75 % of total kharif cropped area.
Around 76 % rice is sown by broadcast (biasi) method.
70 % area cultivated under rainfed conditions.
% area under different situations :
Rainfed Upland Rainfed Upland Rainfed mid landRainfed mid land Rainfed low land Rainfed low land
45 % 35 % 20 % Prominent rice varieties :
Early Early Medium Medium Late Late
IR-36, IR-64, Purnima
MTU-1010, Mahamaya, Karma Masuri, Bambleshwari, HMT
Swarna, BPT-5204, MTU-1001, Local Scented
Promotion of early and mid-duration varieties of paddy constitutes 60% of total paddy area.
Prominent hybrid varieties : 3% area under hybrid. BayerBayer Pioneer Pioneer Dhanya Dhanya Devgan Devgan Public sectorPublic sector
6444 PBH-71 DRH-748 RH-257 KRH-2
Drought-affected Tehsils out of 98 Tehsils
2007-082007-08 2008-092008-09 2009-102009-10
3333 5050 55
Change in Area, Production & Productivity (Rice)Unit- lac ha
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Area
Unit- kg/haUnit- “000”ton
Area under improved management practices /hybrid rice
Particulars 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 (T)
Transplantation 7.52 7.71 8.11 7.63 8.23 8.50
SRI 0.01 0.02 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.25
Line sowing 1.87 2.42 2.45 2.50 2.72 3.50
Hybrid 0.40 0.50 0.64 0.76 1.08 1.25
Unit- Lakh Ha.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Av. Y ield Demo Farmers Practices
Av. Y ield
Achievable Yield Gaps in Rice Demonstrations
(NFSM) year 2009 (qtls paddy / ha.)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
SRI Plot Av. yield farmers practices
Av. Y ield
SRI– Rice year 2009
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Hybrid Rice Av.
Y ield
farmers Practice
Av. Y ield
Hybrid– Rice year 2009
Improved package practices
44%59%
63%
Differences of yield, cost and gross margin comparing non-SRI fields with SRI fields in CG
Yield (q/ha) Gross margin (Rs/ha) Cost (Rs/q)
Non-SRIFields
Difference(SRI minus
non-SRI)Non-SRIFields
Difference(SRI minus
non-SRI)Non-SRIFields
Difference(SRI minus non-SRI)
Total % Total % Total %
48.7 11.9 24.5 53,451 1,257 2 581 -167 -29
Note: Based on 102 farmers data with their SRI and non- SRI fields
Farmers’ Feedback Due to erratic rains in rainfed areas, SRI is best option because it
needs less water
Higher yield with SRI, lower Input cost, incidence of pest is low
Due to plant-to-plant distance, every plant gets proper light and air
and pest infestation is low
Marker and rotary weeder equipments have a major role in SRI
Supplement /increase food security by 3-4 months
In traditional agriculture, dry spells have adverse effect on the
growth of the plant, but in SRI method, plants easily survive up
till cracks appear in the soil without any crop growth decline
Farmers’ Feedback (continued)
Timely availability of marker & rotary weeder
inadequate quantity.
Continuous training of farmers and extension workers
needed.
Regular visits of non-adaptors and extension
newcomers to SRI fields.
Institutionalize SRI in agriculture extension and
research system.
Implementing Agencies’ Feedback Green manuring practice requires controlled irrigation facility, right from the sowing of
seeds to upturning the crop in to soil
Cono weeder use virtually needs ideal soil & moisture conditions – which unfortunately
don't apply locally, the soil being a bit heavy and moisture conditions are erratic
Alternate wetting & drying of fields doesn’t work, even with assured irrigation.
Unpredicted downpours may spoil equations at any time.
Implementation through cluster approach, training & publicity camps well ahead of crop
activities, distribution of leaflets & literature, publicity camps, Kisan Melas & exposure
visits.
Educating farmers in green manuring, mechanical weeding and water management.
Implementing Agencies’ Feedback Only profuse-seedling varieties should be selected for SRI like
Bamleshwari, Swarna, MTU-1010, Mahamaya (duration 120-135 d).
Timely availability of marker & rotary weeder in adequate quantity.
Financial incentives on sustainable basis
Continuous training of farmers and extension workers.
Regular visit of non-adaptors and extension newcomers to SRI
fields.
A modified version of SRI with innovations , farmers’ feedback,
and local adaptation is urgently required to sustain farmers’ interest
Institutionalize SRI in agriculture extension and research system.
Implementing Agencies’ Feedback Present SRI approach based on condition - 10 acres of irrigated land in a
cluster - excludes small and marginal farmers.
Since farmers have been adopting their package of practices for several
years, hence sudden intervention of SRI (which is intensive) need at least
technical support for 2-3 years
Indigenous varieties (which are at the extinction stage ) can be
promoted through SRI to address the problems related with climate
change.
Organic farming can be promoted along with SRI
Mechanized SRI may become regular entrepreneurship covering nursery
bed preparation, rice transplanting ,and weed control
Steps to Accelerate SRI
Arrange exposure trips to SRI plots of active farmers and SHG members (if SHG is formed in the village)
Selection of Community Resource Person (CRPs) and conduct training for them on the SRI. They are generally active farmers who had done SRI on their field and had some experience to share with the farmers
One-day orientation program in the village about SRI and sharing of farmer experience that had done SRI
Video shows on SRI in paddies, wall posters, and pamphlet distribution On-field demonstrations to the interested farmers on seed treatment,
field preparation, and sowing in one farmer’s plot. One-day training on transplanting, weeding, organic inputs preparation Hand-holding support to the farmers by CRPs and early SRI adopters
for an entire crop season Analysis of paddy production in a plot before harvesting.
Drivers of Success/Failure
Deviation from core recommendations should be accepted
Selection of different components of SRI for adoption has significant
bearing on yield increase.
Adoption of core components varied across agro-climatic regions and
implementing agencies
Yield levels vary with the extent of farmers’ adoption of components of
SRI, so need continuous flow of technical information and support
Mobilizing of 'quality inputs' consumes extra time and money; hence,
transaction costs may reflect level of adoption
Land topography, soil types, and mode of irrigation are important
factors for SRI adoption
Lack of knowledge of SRI practices, skilled labourers needed for cono
weeding operation, suitable markers, poor water control in the fields,
and unsuitable soils, TC are constraining the full adoption of SRI