Drug testing in sport

By Madeleine Jane Budd ClaydenU3068330

What is Drug testing in sports? Drug testing in sports is when athletes or teams are tested for using illegal substances before and during a competition. Drug testing can be a random selection of athletes or the top three competitors or winning team, it depends up on the sport.

How does this relate to a coach or teacher?Discussion

Some points:• Educating your students about anti-doping and drug testing• Making your athlete aware of the consequences for doping• Making your athlete aware of the procedures for drug testing• Educating students on illegal and legal drugs including the prohibited list of drugs

Prohibited drug list

• Includes thing like caffeine and steroids• The full list, is on the handout (emailed the Keith

with this)

The two main types of drug testing

Urine test• The athlete is required to provide a urine

sample on the spot under the supervision of an official

• the athlete then must complete a medical declaration form, declaring all medications, drugs and other substances the have taken over the past week, if one of these items are on the prohibited list the athlete must hold a TUE form.

• After the athlete and officials sign it the form and sample are then sent off to be tested. If test A comes back positive then the athlete can request test B be tested.

• Refusal to take the test is an automatic positive test and the athlete is then guilty.

Blood test• Much the same as a urine

test except the blood test is taken by a needle into your arm, removing a sample of blood.

• The procedures and protocols are the same as a urine sample

Social marketing in WADA

Background literature:

The world anti-doping agency (WADA) has stated that “it is suggested that social marketing is a useful tool by which to develop and implement strategies and tactics toward changing behaviours” (WADA, 2007). The background literature is also suggesting that through social marketing behaviour can influenced.

Barriers to social marketing at WADA

• Reliance on education and the law as approaches to social change

• There is a difficulty in distinguishing social marketing from education

• Managers lacking formal marketing training• The ethics of social marketing• Lack of top management appreciation of social marketing• Poor brand positioning of field• There is a lack of formally documented and publicised

success• Social marketing lacks academic structure

Rothschild’s MOA framework:this framework positions social marketing along with law and education as

behavioural management tools.

Used with permission from the American Marketing Association. Michael L. Rothschild (1999), “Carrots, Sticks, and Promises: A Conceptual Framework for the Management of Public Health and Social Issue Behaviors.” Journal of Marketing, 63 (October), 24-37.

MOTIVATION YES NO

OPPORTUNITY YES NO YES NO

ABILITY yes #1 prone to behaveeducation

#2 unable to behavemarketing

#3 resistant to behavelaw

#4 resistant to behaveMarketing, law

no #5Unable to behaveEducation, marketing

#6Unable to behaveEducation, marketing

#7Resistant to behaveEducation, marketing, law

#8Resistant to behaveeducation, marketing, law

WADA Conclusions

• WADA found that using social marketing as a behavioural changer tool, has significant barriers it needs to over come before the use of social marketing can be used effectively. After the case study undertaken at WADA it is shown that in fact social marketing is supported through WADA, without any understanding of social marketing.

The Australian Sports Anti–Doping Authority

The ASADA is an authority run by the Australian government. The Australian government has setup this authority to improve the education of sports doping in both sport and school. This website provides solutions for individuals, groups and organisations.

ASADA services

• Testing procedures and help videos of what to do if you are chosen to take a doping test

• Substances list of all the prohibited substances and TUE forms

• Rules and violations• Education services for everyone on anti-

doping in sport

The Education model

The education model that is provided by ASADA is:• Analyse; analysing and specifying to improve

Australia's sports anti-doping behaviour• Design & develop; Assessment, learning and evaluation

strategies• Delivery; on going implementation of education

through the delivery of it• Evaluation & Reporting; checking how well the

education has prepared the learner for sport anti-doping and whether they have met the requirement's

The website provides a curriculum framework which can be used in schools and sporting communities to help them educate anti-doping:

Key elements of the framework, aligned with strategic goals, are:

•understanding the capabilities required of the Australian sporting community to reduce the risk of inadvertent doping•understanding the capabilities required of the Australian sporting community to deter doping in sport•developing a national approach to capability development•behavioural indicators for the increase in learning complexity. The framework is designed to ensure all members of the Australian sporting community are provided with a comprehensive and balanced curriculum that will:

•give them every chance to develop the essential knowledge, understanding, skills and values that allow them to be active, effective and responsible in protecting Australia’s sporting integrity•prepare them to contribute positively to the anti-doping cause both now and in the future•encourage and enable them to identify the attitudes towards anti-doping in sport and to realise their individual potential•encourage and enable them to contribute to a fair and level playing field that values diversity•promote continuity and coherence of learning across the Australian sporting community.(Australian Government, 5/3/2012)

BibliographyAustralian Government. Australian sports anti-doping authority. (5/3/2012). Education. From: http://www.asada.gov.au/

Teach PE. Drug Testing in Sport. (2012). Urine and Blood Testing. From:http://www.teachpe.com/drugs/testing.php

Norm O’Reilly, Judith Madill. (2007). World Anti-Doping Agency. By the Haworth Press Inc. The world anti-doping agency: the role of social marketing. From: http://jnpsm.haworthpress.com