Late Antiquity

Good Shepherd

Catacomb of Pietro and Marcellino, Rome, Italy

early 4th centuryfresco

Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus

from Rome, Italy

ca. 359marble3 ft. 10 1/2 in. x 8 ft.

Old Saint Peter’s Basilica (plan)

Rome, Italy

ca. 320

1. Nave

2. Aisles

3. Apse

4. Transept

5. Narthex

6. Atrium

Santa Costanza

Rome, Italy

ca. 337-351

Mausoleum of Galla Placidia

Ravenna, Italy

ca. 425

Christ as the Good Shepherdfrom the entrance wall of the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia

Ravenna, Italy

ca. 425tessera mosaic

Rossano Gospels

early 6th centurytempera on purple vellum11 x 10 1/4 in.

Suicide of Judas and Crucifixion

from a casketca. 420ivory3 x 3 7/8 in.

BYZANTINE ART

The four F’s• FLAT• FORMAL• FRONTAL• FLOATING

Anthemius of Tralles & Isidorus of Miletus

Hagia Sophia

Constantinpole, (Istanbul), Turkey

532-537

Anthemius of Tralles & Isidorus of Miletus

Hagia Sophia

Constantinpole, (Istanbul), Turkey

532-537

pendentive

San Vitale

Ravenna, Italy

526-547

San Vitale

Ravenna, Italy

526-547

Justinian, Bishop Maximianus and attendants

north wall apse mosaic, San Vitale

Ravenna, Italy

ca. 547mosaic

Theodora and attendants

south wall apse mosaic, San Vitale

Ravenna, Italy

ca. 547mosaic

Saint Apollinaris amid sheepSant’Apollinare in Classe

Ravenna, Italy

533-549mosaic

Transfiguration of Jesusapse mosaic, Church of the VirginMonastery of Saint CatherineMount Sinai, Egypt

ca. 565mosaic

mandorla

Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George, icon

From Monastery of Saint Catherine

Mount Sinai, Egypt

6th or early 7th centuryencaustic on wood2 ft. 3 in. x 1 ft. 7 3/8 in.

Justinian as world conqueror (Barberini Ivory)

mid-6th centuryivory 1 ft. 1 1/2 in. x 10 1/2 in.

-narrative-classical influence

Saint Michael the Archangel

early-6th centuryivory1 ft. 5 in. x 5 1/2 in.

-space-classical influence-patron saint of Hagia Sophia

Pantocratordome mosaic in the Church of the Dormition

Daphni, Greece

ca. 1090-1100 mosaic

PantocratorCathedral at Monreale

Monreale, Sicily, Italy

ca. 1180-1190 mosaic

Virgin (Theotokos) and Child, icon

Late 11th to early 12th centurytempera on wood2 ft. 6 1/2 in. x 1 ft. 9 in.

Andrei RublyevThree Angels, icon

ca. 1410tempera on wood4 ft. 8 in. x 3 ft. 9 in.

Early Medieval Art

TribesVikingsHiberno-SaxonsCarolingianOttonian

Purse cover from the Sutton Hoo ship burial

Suffolk, Englandca. 625gold, glass and enamel cloisonné with garnets and emeralds7 1/2 in. long

Compare to Islamic interlace patterns

Animal-Head Post

Oseberg, Norwayca. 825woodapproximately 5 in. high

VIKING

Cross and Carpet pageLindisfarne Gospels

Northumbria, England

ca. 698 - 721tempera on vellum13 1/2 x 9 1/4 in.

Hiberno-Saxon (Celtic)

Chi-rho-iota pageBook of Kells

from Iona, Scotland

8th - 9th centuriestempera on vellum13 x 9 1/2 in.

*Horror Vacui – latin for “fear of empty spaces”

Equestrian portrait of Charlemagne(?)

from Metz, France

early 9th centurybronze, originally gilt9 1/2 in. high

CAROLINGIAN

St. MatthewCoronation Gospels

Aachen, Germany

ca. 800-810ink and tempera on vellum12 3/4 x 10 in.

Saint MatthewEbbo Gospels

Hautvillers, France

ca. 816 - 835ink and tempera on vellum10 1/4 x 8 3/4 in.

Odo of Metz

Interior of the Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne

Aachen, Germany

ca. 792-805

Abbey Church of St. Michael’s

Hildesheim, Germany

ca. 1001-1031OTTONIAN

Doors with relief panelsGenesis, left door - Christ, right door

Hildesheim, Germany

ca. 1001-1031

Crucifix commissioned by Archbishop Gero

Cologne Cathedral, Germany

ca. 970painted wood6 ft. 2 in. high

Otto III enthroned Gospel Book of Otto III

from Trier, Germany

ca. 997-1000tempera on vellum13 x 9 3/8 in.

Romanesque

• Build it (block by block) and they will come

Church building Stone masonry, new vaulting techniques, “blocky” appearance

pilgrimages

plan of Saint Etienne

Vignory, France

ca. 1050-1057

Radiating chapels

Saint-Sernin

Toulouse, France

ca. 1070-1120

Interior of Saint-Sernin

Toulouse, France

ca. 1070-1120

Interior of Santa Sabina, 422, Rome

*compartments of space replaced long flat

walls

Cloister of Saint-Pierre

Moissac, France

ca. 1100-1115marblepiers approximately 6 ft. high

Historiated capitals

Christ in Majesty with angels and the Twenty-Four EldersTympanum of the south portal of Saint-Pierre

Moissac, France

marbleca. 1115-1135 approximately 16 ft. 6 in. wide at base

Gislebertus

Last Judgment (plaster cast)West tympanum of Saint-Lazare

Autun, France

ca. 1120-1135marbleapproximately 21’ wide at base

Initial R with knight fighting dragonfrom the Moralia in Job

from Cîteaux, France

ca. 1115-1125ink and tempera on vellum13 3/4 x 9 1/4 in.

Virgin and Child ( Morgan Madonna)

from Auvergne, France

second half of twelfth centurypainted wood2 ft. 7 in. high

Interior of Speyer Cathedral

Speyer,Germany

begun 1030nave vaults ca.1082-1106

Groin vaults

1st Romanesque church in Germany• Stone roof• Typical arches and bays• 1st building constructed entirely of stone

in Europe

The Vision of Hildegard of BingenDetail of facsimile of a lost folio in the Scivias by Hildegard of Bingen

from Trier or Bingen, Germany

ca. 1050-1079

*Role of women in Romanesque Europe

Pisa Cathedral complex

Pisa, Italy

cathedral begun 1063baptistery begun 1153campanile begun 1174

baptistery

cathedral campanile

Baptistery of San Giovanni

Florence, Italy

Ca. 1059

Wiligelmo

Creation of Adam and Eve, frieze on the west façade, Modena Cathedral

Modena, Italy

ca. 1110marbleapproximately 3 ft. high

West façade of Saint-Etienne

Caen, France

begun 1067, ca. 1115-1120

* William the Conqueror buried here in 1087

Interior of Saint-Etienne (elevation)

Caen, France

ca. 1115-1120

The THREE TIERS OF CHURCH BAYS

Clerestory

Gallery

Nave/Arcade

Exterior of Durham Cathedral

Durham, England

begun ca. 1093

Legacy of William the Conqueror (Norman Conquest of England in 1066)

Interior of Durham Cathedral

Durham, England

begun ca. 1093

ENGLISH INNOVATION: Rib vaults• Long narrow nave• Huge composite piers alternate with carved

columns• Stone ribs strengthened groin vaults carry

more weight• Strong VERTICAL emphasis Gothic

predecessor

Funeral of Edward the Confessorprocession to Westminster Abbeydetail of the Bayeux Tapestry

From Bayeux Cathedral, Bayeux, France

ca. 1070-1080embroidered wool on linen229 ft. 8 in. overall

Misnomer – actually an embroidery

Eadwine the Scribe(?)

Eadwine the Scribe at workfolio 283 verso of the Eadwine Psalter

ca. 1160-1170ink and tempera on vellum

Signing work vs. anonymity: The role of the individual artist