Upload
mel-chen-campomanes
View
111
Download
4
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
....
Citation preview
T r i s h a M a y n e M a n a l o
M e l C h e n C a m p o m a n e s
S a m N i c o l e R e y e s
GENETIC ENGINEERING
alteration of an organism's genetic, or hereditary and to produce desirable new ones
used to increase plant and animal food production; to help dispose of industrial wastes; and to diagnose disease
HISTORY2500 B.C.: Oral records describe the selective. breeding of
horses
350 B.C.: 1831: 1866:
1903: Chromosomes are identified in dividing cells as the
probable carriers of genetic material.
1910: 1944: 1953:
HISTORY1960: An unusual chromosome called the Philadelphia
chromosome is found to be diagnostic in chronic
myelogenous leukemia. Forty years later, a drug is
developed specifically for the gene product from this
chromosome.
1962: 1971:
1979: The human insulin gene is expressed in bacteria.
This is first drug made using genetic engineering, and a
new industry is born. Smallpox is eradicated through
vaccination.
HISTORY1985:
1995: The first genome of an organism is sequenced: a
bacterium that causes meningitis.
1996: Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal, is born.
Other mammals are soon cloned.
2000: Drafts of the entire human genome sequence are
completed (the final sequence is announced in 2003).
2001: Salt-tolerant tomato plants are made by genetic
modification, opening up the possibility of genetically
adapting crops to the environment.
2005: The chimp genome is completed, leading to
comparisons with the human genome to find differences.
GENETIC ENGINEERING
TECHNIQUES
SELECTIVE BREEDING
HYBRIDIZATION
RECOMBINANT DNA
SELECTIVE BREEDING
first-known genetic engineering technique and still used today
only those plants or animals with desirable characteristics are chosen
for breeding
BREEDING OF PLANTS
BREEDING OF ANIMALS
HYBRIDIZATION
also crossbreeding
combining different strains of a species
HYBRIDIZATION
RECOMBINANT DNAGENE
SPLICINGCLONING
process of creating an exact copy of a single gene, cell, or organism
the process of isolating a single gene from among all the different genes in an organism to determine its structure
one or more genes of an organism are introduced to a second organism and if the second organism incorporates the new DNA into its own genetic material, recombined DNA results
TRANSGENIC ORGANISM -plant, animal, or bacteria that has been genetically modified to contain a gene from a different species
CLONING
world's first cat clone, named "CC,"
- carbon copy or courtesy copy
nuclear transfer -nuclei from cells of an adult animal are inserted into egg cells with nuclei removed
two of eight calves cloned from cells obtained from one adult cow stand in a field in Ishikawa,
Japan
cloned by researchers
at Kinki University
in Nara, Japan
CLONING
Food production
Pollution control
Medicine
FOOD PRODUCTION
Sweet potato and strawberry
POLLUTION
altered bacteria - used to decompose many forms of garbage and to break down petroleum products
recombinant DNA -used to monitor the breakdown of pollutants
1982 - the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the first time the medical use of a recombinant DNA protein, the hormone insulin
Recombinant DNA - used to monitor the breakdown of pollutants
MEDICINE
G E N E S A R E S T O R E D I N
D N A , G E N E T I C
E N G I N E E R I N G I S D O N E
W I T H D N A
T E C H N O L O G Y. B U T D N A
T E C H N O L O G Y C A N B E
U S E D F O R M O R E T H A N
G E N E T I C
E N G I N E E R I N G .
R ATE OF GEN E
D I S C O V E RY A N D
C H AR AC T E R I ZAT I O N
P R E V E N T I O N
O F D I S E A S E S
H U M A N
R E P R O D U C T I O N
E C O N O M I C
I N V E S T M E N T
M E D I C I N E S ,
M OR AL
I SSU ES
AL L ERGI C
R EAC TI O N S
TEMPTATION
TO APPLY THE
KNOWLEDGE OF
HEREDITY
TO EUGENICS