Current state on H5N1 HPA1 in West Africa

Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria

Update on H5N1 HPAI

Berhanu Bedane, FAO

Meeting of the Animal Health Networks (RESEPI-AO, RESOLAB-AO and CVOs)• 21 – 25/09/2015 • Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria 2

OUTLINE• Introduction• Disease situation in West Africa• Disease control measures• Conclusions


INTRODUCTION


INTRODUCTION• Poultry is one of the fast growing sectors • Their number (all species ) grew from 290 million in 2000 to

555 million in 2013 (FAOSTAT, 2013)• 90% growth in 13 years or about an average 7% growth/Yr• The role they play in supporting livelihood particularly

women is significant


INTRODUCTION• Increased consumption of poultry products (meat)

non-religious restriction & cheap imports• Ban on bush meat in EVD affected countries may

have also contributed to increased consumption • 6 to 7-fold increase projected in the consumption of

mostly poultry products by the year 2050


INTRODUCTION• Huge potential & opportunities for the growth of

the poultry industry in West Africa, • TADs such as NCD & AI pose constant threats• 1st H5N1 HPAI case Kaduna state, Nigeria Feb. 2006• Between 2006 and 2008, 7 countries in W. Africa

affected


INTRODUCTION• Niger (02/06), Burkina Faso (04/06), Cote d’Ivoire

(04/06), Ghana (04/07), Togo (06/07) and Benin (11/07) + Nigeria, Togo (08/08)

• Budgetary restriction of Vet. Services• Disease controlled with Support of international

community & national authorities


DISEASE SITUATION


DISEASE SITUATION• 1st outbreak in Kano Nigeria, 24.12.2014 confirmed

19.01.15• 2nd Burkina Faso, 10.02.2015 confirmed 31.03.15• 3rd Niger 02.04.2015 confirmed 21.04.15• 4th Cote d’Ivoire 09.04. 2015 confirmed 20.05.15• 5th Ghana 04.05.15 confirmed 04.06.15


DISEASE SITUATIONNigeria• Kurna commercial poultry farm in Kano state• NVRI confirmed the presence of H5 on 8/01/15• IZSVe (Padova) confirmed H5N1 19/01/15• Since then 20 States + FCT of Nigeria were infected • As of 16/09/15, a total of 479 farms, 11 LBMs and a

Zoological Garden were infected• 1.56 million bird died/culled


Distribution of HPAI in Nigeria (Source Fed. Dept. Vet. Services & PCS)


DISEASE SITUATIONBurkina Faso• Disease confirmed on 31.03.15 Kadiogo & Sanguie

provinces• Since then 13 of 45 provinces affected• 228,500 birds died/culled• Losses estimated at about 4 billion fCFA• Outbreaks on declined from 34 in April to 4 in July• No new outbreak since 09.04.15


HPAI outbreak distribution as of 08.06.15 (Source Dept. Vet. Services)


DISEASE SITUATIONNiger• 25.03.15 an outbreaks of HPAI was suspected in

Maradi region on the border with Nigeria• National lab detected Influenza virus A on 05.04.15• 21.04.15 H5N1 confirmed by Padova• 1612 out of a total population of 2440 died• Stamping out, cleaning and disinfection measures

were applied• No further cases


DISEASE SITUATIONCote d‘Ivoire• 1st cases recorded at Bouaké & LBM of Koumassi in

Abidjan 09.04.15 confirmed on 20.05.15• 3 regions affected• 34 outbreaks with 33,000 birds death/culling• 18/58 birds markets infected in Abidjan


DISEASE SITUATIONGhana • 1st case 04.05.15 in Greater Accra region• Confirmed by Noguchi Virology Lab. on 22.05.15

and Padova 04.06.15• 12 outbreaks in 3 (Greater Accra, Volta & Ashanti)

the 10 regions • 33,143 birds died/culled • Last outbreak reported on 10.08.15


DISEASE SITUATION

Country Start of event Date Confirmed Notification to OIE

FAO requested

Nigeria 24 .12.2014 19.01.2015 16.01.2015 16.01.2015Burkina Faso 10.02.015 31 .03.2015 01 .04.2015 01.04.2015Niger 02.04.2015 21.04.2015 22.04.2014

Côte d’Ivoire 09.04.2015 20.05.2015 28.05.2015 17.04.2015

Ghana 04.05.2015 (14.4.15) 22.5.2015* 04.6.15** 02.06.2015 26.05.2015

Benin Not Affected but at risk 05.02.2015Togo “ 09.02.2015Cameroon “ 25.02.2015Mali “ 30 .04.2015



DISEASE CONTROL MEASURES


DISEASE CONTROL MEASURESActions so far• Country support missions FAO CMC-AH• Emergency regional meeting & formulation of a

one-year project 6.6 million USD• Global AI Grant of 2.5 million USAID, about 100,000

for each of the affected countries• Emergence TCP in Nigeria & Cote d’Ivoire• Under preparation in Burkina Faso & Ghana


COUNTRY SUPPORT MISSIONSFAO missions in H5N1 HPAI infected & at risk countries in West & Central Africa

No. Country Official request received

Period missions undertaken

1 Nigeria 15 – 24 February 2015

2 Benin 5 February 2015 22 – 28 February 2015

3 Togo 9 February 2015 1 – 7 March 2015

4 Cameroon 25 February 2015 8 – 16 April 2015

5 Burkina Faso 1st April 2015 19 – 27 April 2015

6 Mali 30 April 2015 10 – 18 May 2015

7 Côte d’Ivoire 17 April 2015 12-21 May 2015

8 Ghana 26 May 2015 7 – 13 June 2015


COUNTRY SUPPORT MISSIONS

OBJECTIVES Assist Veterinary Services in;• evaluation of epidemiological situation • identification of risk factors for introduction

(countries at risk) & spread (affected)• assessment & adaptation of control & prevention

options• advise on communication needs, strategy &

campaigns


COUNTRY SUPPORT MISSIONS

OBJECTIVES• coordination mechanisms among different stakeholders• appropriateness of existing policies (i.e. contingency

plan) & procedures (i.e. SOPs)• needs assessment on laboratory equipment, reagents &

consumables • actions needed in the short, medium & long term for

prevention & control • material, human & financial resources needs for actions


CHALLENGES


CHALLENGESDisease investigation• Delay between suspicion & investigation• lack of early warning & preparedness

Emergency response• emergency response inadequate. Outdated

legislation or unavailability of resources• no legal provision for movement control or

enforcing capacity


CHALLENGES• lack of information flow among key actors both at

national & sub-regional levels• lack of collaboration among different actors• no clear compensation policy• delay in compensation or lower value than

expectations compromises cooperation of farmers


CHALLENGES• limited Involvement of the private sector• Inadequate resources for disease surveillance &

control• Laboratories & quarantine stations are not fully

functional• Breakdown of equipment & vehicles affected

mobility & disease investigation • Poor bio-security of hatcheries, poultry farms & LBM


• lack of communication strategies & means of implementation

• poultry farmers not aware about the disease & its transmission

• shortage of well trained laboratory personnel & diagnostic reagents & consumables

• lack of SOPs for control measures (culling, disinfection, safe disposal, etc..)

CHALLENGES


RECOMMENDATIONS MADE• Introduce active disease surveillance for early

detection• Strengthen collaboration among different actors• Review of the animal disease act where it is

outdated• Increase risk assessment capacities both at country

& sub-regional levels• Enforce movement restrictions by involving security

agencies


RECOMMENDATIONS MADE• Create awareness on the disease • Improve bio-security & good farming & market

practices• Training on bio-security, disease recognition,

surveillance, prevention & control• Provision of materials for safe depopulation &

decontamination of farms, LBM• Provision of reagents for laboratories & the

necessary operating funds for disease control


RECOMMENDATIONS MADE• Strengthen inter-agency collaboration• Strengthen collaboration with producers’

organizations • Regular update & sharing of information with the

general public & neighboring countries• Activate an appropriate communication plan with

full integration of risk communication.


ACTIVITIES CONDUCTEDSupported investigation of suspected outbreaks &

confirmation of the disease• Signed LoA with the IZSVe Padova to

(i) assist in confirmatory laboratory diagnosis, (ii) perform advanced characterization of AI viruses

• Support in sample shipment • Risk assessment of the introduction & spread of

H5N1 HPAI


ACTIVITIES CONDUCTEDSupported H5N1 HPAI control efforts in affected countries• Appointed consultants, Nigeria, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana• Provision of materials & logistic support for

depopulation & disinfection• Capacity building in disease recognition, investigation


ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED• Support in communication & capacity development

• Support in improving H5N1 HPAI diagnostic capacity of national diagnostic laboratories

• IAEA conducted training, provided emergency tool box

• Resource mobilizing for the control of H5N1 HPAI• Steps taken in improving Regional Coordination

regional emergency meeting June/15


CONCLUSIONS


CONCLUSIONS• 5 countries affected from end of 2014 to September

2015• 4 countries at risk also requested FAO assistance• Technical support mission undertaken in 8 countries• Countries were not prepared to swiftly confirm &

control the disease• FAO mobilised its own resources & from other FTPs

in supporting countries


• About 100,000 USD made available to each of the affected countries for immediate assistant

• Emergency TCP approved and operational in Nigeria & Cote d’Ivoire at advanced stage for Burkina Faso and Ghana

• Emergency regional meeting and formulation of a one-year project

• Coordination at country & regional level, compensation & enforcing movement control remain major challenges

CONCLUSIONS (Cont.)


THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Presentations & Public Speaking

Current state on H5N1 HPA1 in West Africa