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Elizabeth I to Charles IIElizabeth I to Charles II
The story
Elizabeth I 1558-1603Elizabeth I 1558-1603
• Father Henry VIII established Protestant Church
• Sister Mary I moved England back to Catholicism
• Eliz succeeds Mary 1558• Elizabeth Religious settlement took
the National Church back to Protestantism
• Act of Supremacy and Uniformity• Major powers France and Spain
were Catholic• Supported Mary Queen of Scots
case as Queen of England• She fled Scotland 1568 and was
imprisoned by Elizabeth• Throughout her reign Eliz
suppressed plots against her• Executed Mary Queen of Scots in
1587• Famous attempted invasion by the
Spanish in 1588
• Father Henry VIII established Protestant Church
• Sister Mary I moved England back to Catholicism
• Eliz succeeds Mary 1558• Elizabeth Religious settlement took
the National Church back to Protestantism
• Act of Supremacy and Uniformity• Major powers France and Spain
were Catholic• Supported Mary Queen of Scots
case as Queen of England• She fled Scotland 1568 and was
imprisoned by Elizabeth• Throughout her reign Eliz
suppressed plots against her• Executed Mary Queen of Scots in
1587• Famous attempted invasion by the
Spanish in 1588
James I (VI) 1603-1625James I (VI) 1603-1625
• Well-educated and experienced
• King of Scotland• Son of Mary Queen of
Scots• Surrounded himself with
favourites• Big spender• Kept peace in foreign
affairs – Religious Wars in Europe
• Protestant – but attempted to be moderate
• Gunpowder Plot 1605
• Well-educated and experienced
• King of Scotland• Son of Mary Queen of
Scots• Surrounded himself with
favourites• Big spender• Kept peace in foreign
affairs – Religious Wars in Europe
• Protestant – but attempted to be moderate
• Gunpowder Plot 1605
Charles I 1625-1649Charles I 1625-1649
• Unpopular with parliament• Religious issues –
supported Arminianism • 1629 Charles decided to
rule without parliament• Personal Rule lasted until
1640• Unpopular methods to
gain finance• Rebellion broke out in
Scotland • Needed money so
reluctantly called parliament
• Mistrust between crown and parliament led to Civil War in 1642
• Unpopular with parliament• Religious issues –
supported Arminianism • 1629 Charles decided to
rule without parliament• Personal Rule lasted until
1640• Unpopular methods to
gain finance• Rebellion broke out in
Scotland • Needed money so
reluctantly called parliament
• Mistrust between crown and parliament led to Civil War in 1642
Civil War 1642-49Civil War 1642-49
• Royalists vs Parliamentarians
• Royalists initially held upper hand
• Missed opportunities lengthened war
• Parliament had superior resources and organisation and won in the end
• Parliament hoped to reach an agreement with Charles and restore monarchy
• Many army leaders convinced he couldn’t be trusted
• Executed
• Royalists vs Parliamentarians
• Royalists initially held upper hand
• Missed opportunities lengthened war
• Parliament had superior resources and organisation and won in the end
• Parliament hoped to reach an agreement with Charles and restore monarchy
• Many army leaders convinced he couldn’t be trusted
• Executed
The Interregnum 1649-1660The Interregnum 1649-1660
• Problems of executive power
• Early experiments failed
• Lord Protector – Oliver Cromwell
• Army a key force• Never gained popular
support• When Cromwell died
in 1558 it quickly collapsed
• Problems of executive power
• Early experiments failed
• Lord Protector – Oliver Cromwell
• Army a key force• Never gained popular
support• When Cromwell died
in 1558 it quickly collapsed
Restoration 1660-1667Restoration 1660-1667
• Charles II restored to throne
• Did not have same powers of previous monarchs
• Anglican Church restored
• Restoration a time when literature, art and science flourished
• 1665-66 plague and Great Fire of London
• Charles II restored to throne
• Did not have same powers of previous monarchs
• Anglican Church restored
• Restoration a time when literature, art and science flourished
• 1665-66 plague and Great Fire of London
