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Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences TRIGGER WARNING: Explicit sexual & racial language may be displayed and discussed. Dr. Michelle Ferrier | Founder, Troll-Busters.com; Associate Professor, Ohio University/E.W. Scripps School of Journalism July 18, 2017| IAMCR| Cartagena, Colombia © 2017 All Rights Reserved

IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

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Page 1: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

Women Journalists and Online

Harassment: Impact and Consequences

TRIGGER WARNING: Explicit sexual & racial language may be displayed and discussed.

Dr. Michelle Ferrier | Founder, Troll-Busters.com; Associate Professor,

Ohio University/E.W. Scripps School of JournalismJuly 18, 2017| IAMCR| Cartagena, Colombia

© 2017 All Rights Reserved

Page 2: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

ABOUT ME | DR. MICHELLE FERRIER

Associate Professor ,

E.W. Scripps School of

Journalism,

Ohio University

Twitter: @mediaghosts

Founder,

TrollBusters.com

@yoursosteam

Page 3: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

Online harassment is defined as an

intentional and overt act of aggression toward

another person online, which involves making

rude or nasty comments towards someone, or

intentionally embarrassing another user in

retaliation for a perceived wrong (Ybarra &

Mitchell, 2004).

WHAT IS ONLINE HARASSMENT?

Page 4: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

ONLINE HARASSMENT: 40% AND UP

Women writers and

publishers experience

online harassment on

their sites.

General news sites have

struggled with

moderating online

commenting.

Page 5: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

HARASSMENT OF WOMEN ON TWITTER

27 percent experience

hate speech…sexist,

racist, homophobic,

etc.

22 percent experience

doxxing – release of

private information

Page 6: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

88 percent of journalists

agreed that the safety of

journalists and media

workers is more of an

issue than it was 10

years ago, with 86

percent saying that

journalists are more likely

to be targets of violence.

“Under Threat” International

News Safety Institute, 2015

JOURNALISM: RISKY BUSINESS

Page 7: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

WOMEN JOURNALISTS ARE TARGETED

• Rape threats

• Death threats

• Doxxing

• DDOS attacks

• Hashtag bombing

Page 8: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

#GamerGate and other organized smart mobs use

Reddit, Facebook and other social tools to mount

coordinated, swift and persistent attacks on

journalists, hashtags and issues.

SMART MOBS AND DIGITAL

WILDFIRE

Page 9: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

• Stalking

• Gender-Based

Bullying

• Impersonation

• Nonconsensual

Pornography

• Grooming/Pred

ation

• Mob Attacks

• Rape and Death

Threats

• Doxxing/Swattin

g

THREATS AND

IMPACT

Credit: Women’s Media Center

Page 10: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

THE STUDY

Qualitative: In-depth interviews with 30 female

journalists, both online only and print journalists.

Examine patterns of response to online harassment;

where and how harassment occurs and management

response(s).

Page 11: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

Journalists make the perfect target for trolls. They must use social media and engage as part of their work.

Journalists and their natural curiosity also feed into the dynamic. Journalists want answers and they want to understand who and why they are being targeted.

Professional culture sees harassment as part of the job, viewing it as critique and free speech.

Significant professional harm can result from harassment.

FINDINGS:

PROFESSIONAL CULTURE

Page 12: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

Gets rape jokes and threats through messages on Facebook,

emails. Tweets attacked her appearance. Users dug up old

photos. The article wasn’t about her at all .

“It’s men always and I usually notice on FB that it’s almost

always white men.”

“I won’t go on camera for anything because of Facebook

commenters.”

Has been re-victimized when articles were reposted without

her knowledge.

“We can’t get off of these things. So sick of people…when I’m

not even supposed to be working. You can’t get a break

sometimes.”

CANDIDATE L: CAUCASIAN

Page 13: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

Email: Called her “nigger bitch”. Wasn’t a month that

went by that she wasn’t called a nigger, bitch, ho. 11

years, not a week. “You really are a nigger bitch.

We’ll rape you and throw you in the gutter. ”

Management told her not to worry about the emails.

She began watching over her shoulder and taking

extra precautions driving to and from work .

“I did not like who this was making me. Paranoid and

vigilant that is.”

“I was emotional and felt disrespect for my craft.

This is emotional and economic violence.”

CANDIDATE K: AFRICAN-AMERICAN

Page 14: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

Tweets question validity of her work. Coverage of

immigration issue.

Twitter user tweeting incessantly at her calling her

work fake and biased. In a 24-hour period, 25-50

tweets from one individual.

Especially used when she was using Facebook Live

for protests and vigils and needed to monitor social

media and respond to viewers.

“I grew up on the Internet. I have to use my real

name. I have to be in these spaces.”

CANDIDATE B: CAUCASIAN

Page 15: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

Used the word “alleged” in story. People jumped on her word choice on Twitter.

“I felt l ike I needed to respond because it questioned my abilities. It questioned my skil ls as a journalist…and this could hurt me in the future.”

Management advised not responding .

“I felt angry and helpless. Open season on me. It unfairly exposed me simply for doing my job.”

“I came to feel that if I wrote certain stories – police misconduct or police shooting – I braced myself for backlash from readers. I didn’t want to write those stories . I triple/quadruple checked things, giving no claim for attacks. ”

“I wonder if I’m being less aggressive, with an inclination to retreat. I have to make sure I don’t do that.”

CANDIDATE D: AFRICAN-AMERICAN

Page 16: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

Emotional

Stressful

Ongoing

Anonymous

Online & offline activity

Based on identity, then content

24/7 always on exposure

Unclear about how to respond

Disregarded by management

Feeling abandoned by management and at risk as professional and personal lives blend.

INDIVIDUAL EFFECTS ON JOURNALISTS

Page 17: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

EFFECTS OF ONLINE HARASSMENT

INDIVIDUAL

The online harassment

of journalists can

create a chilling

effect—journalists may

avoid online contact,

reduce the media

content they create,

and share and withdraw

from reporting, social

media, and other job-

related activities.

NEWS ENTERPRISE

The chilling effect on individual journalists and journalistic lines of inquiry can lead to the silencing of diverse voices in the media, the technological takedown of a media site, or the abandonment of a line of investigative inquiry.

Page 18: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

OUR

STATEMENT

OF

PURPOSE

Page 19: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

WHAT WE OFFER

S.O.S. Team: Countering cyberattacks in real-time with online community support and positive messaging.

RAID: Finding and outing trolls online and tracking where they operate using network analysis technologies.

SUPPORT: Providing technical, legal services and psychological services; resources for publishers under denial of service attacks.

Page 20: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

INFOGRAPHIC OF SPEECH THREATSYOURSOSTEAM.WORDPRESS.COM

Page 21: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

Tenga en cuenta que esto puede

no considerarse una amenaza

legalmente.

Elija si usted desea interactuar

con el usuario, bloquearlo o

silenciarlo.

Ir a DENÚNCIELO

Consejo: En Montana, una persona que dice

que causará daño físico a una persona o

puede ser multada. Y algunos estados, como

étnica” por hostigar a una persona debido a su

- pero solamente si el acoso lleva a amenazas

puede ser condenada por amenazas criminales

si amenaza con cometer un delito que r esulta

en muerte o daños corporales, la víctima cr ee

que la amenaza es inminente y el temor de la

víctima es razonable.

Alguien está atacando mi sit io web.Un ataque de denegación de

servicio (DoS) es un ataque

malicioso para que un servidor

o un servicio de red no esté

disponible para los usuarios.

Un DDoS es un ataque de

varias computadoras.

Solicite soporte técnico de

empresas como CloudFlare, Sucuri o

Incapsula.

Si el sitio web es la página de un

medio independiente, un sitio de

derechos humanos o un sitio de

interés público, usted puede ter

derecho a protección gratuita de

DDoS. Sugerencia # 2

Si usted es un residente de bajos

ingresos en el área de Boston, usted

puede ter derecho a asistencia

jurídica gratuita a través de la

Alguien está publicando fotografías sexualmente explícitas de mi sin mi consent imiento

Denúncielo a Twitter o Facebook.

removal /#twitter

Consulte a un abogado. Muchos estados

víctimas de pornografía no consensual.

segúrese de documentar todo lo que

está sucediendo para crear pruebas

documentales de sus propios registros

en caso de que desee tomar medidas

con las autoridades competentes o la

plataforma.

Ir a DENÚNCIELO

Rec

todas las redes sociales): www.Cybercivilrights.org/

online-removal

Leyes sobre pornografía vengativa en cada estado de

los Estados Unidos: www.cybercivilrights.org/revenge-

porn-laws

No bloquee el contenido o la persona.

Paso 2: ¿Qué pasó después con el acoso?

Paso 1: ¿Qué le pasa en este momento?

Se termina:

Fin

Se convierte en una amenaza

Alguien está revelando mi información privada

(doxing) Doxing es la práctica de

públicamente difundir

información privada o

ident ific

a

bl e.

puede incluir el desarrollo de un plan

de seguridad en domicilio o incluso

reubicarse temporalmente.

Sugerencia # 1

Documente todo lo que está

sucediendo para crear pruebas

documentales en caso de que desee

tomar medidas con las autoridades

competentes o la plataforma.

N

está sucediendo.

DENUNCIELO

1. Denúncielo a la pol icía.

2. Denúncielo a TrollBusters.

3. Hable con su empleador sobre lo que está

suced iendo. Decida cómo debe abordar el

acoso y si otros deben supervisar sus cuentas

en redes sociales.

4. Documéntelo.

Alguien se está

haciendo pasar por mi

cuenta.

Denuncie la imitación de su identidad a

Twitter. (Usted tendrá que compartir su

comprobar su identidad.

Ir a DENÚNCIELO

XxAlguien ha publicado una

crít ica.

Ejemplo: “ Una mejor reportera

habría considerado el impacto

económico de la propuesta” .

Elija si desea interactuar con o ignorar

al usuario. (Usted puede revisar los

otros tweets que han enviado para

tener una idea de cómo puede ser su

O Vaya a DEJE DE MIRARLO

X!

¿ESTÁS SUFRIENDO ACOSO EN LÍNEA?

Cosas a documentar

• Número de amenazas.

• Detalles (fecha, hora,

• Número de personas

involucradas.

• Severidad del ataque

*

Config

u

r aci ones en

Twit ter

CambiTwitter para asegurarse de que

solo vea el contenido que desea.

tweets por personas que

de esas cuentas.

• Twitter también tiene un

contenido de baja calidad de

personas quienes usted no

con recientemente.

o bloquear usuarios, usted

también puede silenciar

bloquear sus tweets, puede

ser que desee que alguien

monitoree las cuentas

ofensivas para ver si las

amenazas contra usted han

incrementado.

Para obtener instrucciones sobr e

estas herramientas y cómo ut ilizarlas,

consulte ht tps:/ / support .twit ter .com/

/ 20169398.

*

TrollBusters ofrece control de plagas en línea para escritoras, period istas y

editoras. Denúncielo en yoursosteam.wordpress.com. Si usted no es period ista, consulte nuestros recursos para obtener más consejos e información.

Alguien ha publicado un

comentario difamatorio.La difamación es una

declaración falsa con la

intención de dañar su

reputación. Contradígala

públicamente con hechos y

testimonios.

Solicite a sus amigos que comenten en

su nombre o denuncien cualquier tweet

ofensivo. https://support.twitter.com/articles/20170408

DEJE DE MIRARLO

DENÚNCIELORecursos: www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/defamation-law-

made-simple-29718.html

Legaldictionary.net/ libel

FAKE

t roll-busters.com

Se incrementa

el número de

acosadores

Si son humanos

Si son bots ¿Es usted parte de

un grupo de personas

acosadas?

Comuníquese con las otras cuentas.

Considere la posibilidad de iniciar una lista de

bloqueo con otras personas que fueron acosadas.

Documente para sus propios registros.

No

DENÚNCIELO

¿Es usted parte de

un grupo de personas

acosadas?

No

Siga los pasos apropiados. DENÚNCIELO

Alguien ha publicado un insulto.

Ejemplo: “ Necesitas aprender a

escribir” .

DEJE DE MIRARLO

Icostumbre.

Salga de línea por un tiempo hasta que se recupere.

Silencie el usuario. Es no sabrá que usted lo tiene

silenciado. Si usted sigue al usuario, usted seguirá

cuenta silenciada.

Bvea o lea sus tweets. (Sin embargo, pueden tener otras

amigo monitoreando tweets direccionados a su cuentea en caso de que usted quiera estar consciente de las amenazas o usted quisiera documentarlas.

!*# @

Alguien ha publicado

una amenaza

explícita.

Ejemplo: “ Voy a matarte.”

Sugerencia # 1

Denúncielo a la policía.

able con su empleador, si es

apropiado.

Ir de DEJE DE MIRARLO

(bajo “ Alguien ha publicado un

insulto” )

Recursos: www.troll-busters.com

www.cpj.org www.iwmf.org/programs/reporta

!*#@

A quién contactar como

un estudiante

Si usted es una estudiante,

comuníquese con El Centro

cualquier incidente a su

consejero de facultad, si es

apropiado.

*

Alguien ha publicado

una amenaza implícita.

Ejemplo: “ Las personas

como tú deben recibir un

disparo” .

!*#@

Un bot es un programa

informático que realiza

tareas automatizadas.

!*#@X

GO

GO

Sugerencia # 5

Sugerencia # 14

GO

GO

Bloquee las cuentas.

Fijase en las listas de

bloqueo creadas por otras

personas acosadas.

Denúncielo a TrollBusters.

GO

TRANSLATIONS: SPANISH & HINDU

Page 22: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

Our Digital Hygiene

Course offers 5-10

minute

preventative

measures to

minimize online

harm.

bit.ly/digitalhygiene

Page 23: IAMCR: Women Journalists and Online Harassment: Impact and Consequences

For additional information: Dr. Michelle Ferrier, Founder

Digital Hygiene Course: yoursosteam.wordpress.com

Infographic (Larger): yoursosteam.wordpress.com

Report: www.troll-busters.com

@yoursosteam [email protected]

© 2017 All Rights Reserved