2. Introduction and Overview Access to safe, voluntary family
planning is a basic human right. Family planning is the process of
projecting when to have children, and the use of birth control and
other techniques to implement such plans.
3. Family Planning Introduction Family planning: Allows
individuals and couples to achieve desired birth spacing and family
size. Contributes to improved health outcomes for infants,
children, women and families. (Healthy People 2020, 2015) Achieved
through use of contraceptives methods and the treatment of
involuntary infertility. Family planning services include:
Contraceptive and broader reproductive health services, including
patient education and counseling. Breast and pelvic examinations
Breast and cervical cancer screening Sexually transmitted infection
(STI) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention education,
counseling, testing, and referral Pregnancy diagnosis and
counseling
4. Assessment of Extent and Severity of Family Planning Issues
The United States has one of the highest adolescent pregnancy rates
in the developed world with greater than 700,000 adolescents
between 15-19 years old becoming pregnant each year, and greater
than 300,000 giving birth. (Gavin, Moskosky, Carter, Curtis, Glass,
Godfrey, Marcell, and Zapatu, 2014) Approximately 50% of all
pregnancies in the United States are unintended. The public costs
of births resulting from unintended pregnancies was $11 billion in
2006. (World Health Organization, 2015)
5. Assessment of Extent and Severity of Family Planning Issues
Millions of women who want to avoid pregnancy are not using safe
and effective planning methods for one or more of the following
reasons: Lack of access to information or services Lack of support
from their partners or communities Embarrassment Fear of judgment
from peers and religious groups Stigma about sexual and
reproductive health. (World Health Organization, 2015)
6. Family planning and reproductive health services are
uniquely impacted by policy and politics in the United States.
Recent years have witnessed an unprecedented number of abortion
restrictions, and research funding has decreased in related areas.
Despite this, both science and implementation of improved family
planning and abortion methods have progressed in the past decade.
(Schreiber & Traxler, 2015)
7. Government Impact Title X The only federal grant program
dedicated solely to providing individuals with comprehensive family
planning and related preventive health services Overseen by the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, office of Population
Affairs. Services are provided through state, local, and county
health departments, community health centers, planned parenthood
centers, and other private non-profit programs. (hhs.gov,
2015)
8. Monitoring the Family Planning Program Outcomes Program
monitoring is much easier when the program is developed with clear
and consistent operational objectives that allow for direct and
reliable measurement and have been developed using sound
evidence-based rationale. (Milstead, 2016) Objectives of The Family
Planning Program Increase the proportion of pregnancies that are
intended. Reduce the proportion of females experiencing pregnancy
despite use of reversible contraceptive methods. Reduce the
proportion of pregnancies conceived within 18 months of a previous
birth. Reduce pregnancies among adolescent females Increase the
proportion of adolescents aged 17 years and under who have never
had sexual intercourse. Increase the proportion of sexually active
persons aged 15 to 19 years who use condoms to both effectively
prevent pregnancy and provide barrier protection against disease.
(Healthy People, 2020)
9. Did the Family Planning Program result in the desired
changes? Objectives Results Increase in proportion of pregnancies
that are intended Reduce the proportion of pregnancies among
adolescent females Increase the proportion of adolescents aged 17
years and under who never have had sexual intercourse. 10%
improvement; desired outcome The rate of pregnancies among
adolescent females ages 1517 years decreased 9.5% between 2005 and
2009, from 40.2 to 36.4 per 1,000. 72.9% of adolescent females ages
1517 years reported they had never had sexual intercourse
10. Accountability in Resources (funding) Fiscal reports are
completed semi-annually Annual audits done by independent groups
(Healthy People, 2020)
11. The evaluation of the Family Planning Program has provided
valuable feedback that has resulted in necessary revisions in the
program. The program objectives were revised as needed in order to
better the program and receive desired outcomes.
12. Providing Information Information is provided for the
consumer regarding resources about choosing the right birth control
methods and talking with your kids about sex. Clinical
recommendations for screening for sexually transmitted infections
(STIs). There is also a list of evidenced based systemic reviews
and randomized controlled trials to give the results and outcomes
of the program validity and sustainability.
13. Reporting of Unintended Effects of the Program Along with
the desired outcomes, the unintended effects of the program were
documented as well. There were certain areas of interest where data
was said to be unavailable to assess statistical significance of
difference in proportions. There was an increase desired on the
number of women who received reproductive health care over a 12
month period. This number actually dropped by 5%.
14. Sustainability Healthy People began more than thirty years
ago and continues its commitment to improving the quality of our
nations health. Healthy People 2020 is centered on the achievements
of the four previous Healthy People proposals. These initiatives
took place in 1979, 1990, 2000, and 2010. Every ten years, new
goals and objectives are outlined for health promotion and disease
prevention. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
2015)
15. Accreditation According to Healthy People 2020, In an
effort to standardize services and improve performance, public
health agencies are moving toward a voluntary national
accreditation program. This program will highlight agencies
commitment to service and quality and provide a standard towards
which all public agencies can work.
16. References Gavin, L., Moskosky, S., Carter, M., Curtis, K.,
Glass, E., Godfrey, E., Marcell, A., & Zapatu, L, 2014)
Providing Quality Family Planning Services: Recommendations of CDC
and the U.S. Office of Population Affairs.
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr630401.htm Milstead, J.
(2016). Health policy and politics: a nurse's guide (5th ed.).
Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning Schreiber, C.A.,
& Traxler, S. (2015). State of Family Planning, Clinical
Obstetrics and Gynecology, 58(2), 392-408.
17. References U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
,(2015). Healthy People 2020: Family Planning. Retrieved July 18,
2015 from
http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/family-
planning U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, (2015).
Office of Population Affairs: Title X Family Planning. Retrieved
July 18, 2015 from http://www.hhs.gov/opa/title-x-family-planning/
World Health Organization (2015). Family Planning. Retrieved July
18, 2015 from http://www.who.int/topics/family-planning/en/
