Building healthy india

Healthy India campaign by

Unnat Bharat Nirman

Building Healthy India

Preventing Disease Promoting Health

Prevention is Better than Cure

The healthcare industry in India is presently driven by a double burden of infectious and chronic diseases. Even though certain diseases like polio, leprosy and neonatal tetanus are on the verge of elimination, certain communicable diseases that were supposed to be under control have re-emerged as life threatening health issues because of resistance to drugs.

Regular physical exercise, healthier food and greater contact with the environment reduce the risks of diseases and promote sustainable development.By preventing disease we help to promote low carbon living and prevent damage to the environment. If we do this, there is a double prize to be enjoyed-better health and quality of life, and more efficient use of resources, which in turn safeguards the future health and well-being of our children and grandchildren, the long-term viability of our health and social care services, and the natural resources on which human life depends.

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi. The diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another.

Cholera: is an infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholera. Symptoms of cholera infection may include watery diarrhea, nausea, dehydration and vomiting.

Measles: an infection of the respiratory system, immune system and skin caused by Rubella virus. Symptoms include high temperature, runny nose, dry cough, diarrhea, vomiting and red blotchy rashes.

Malaria: caused by single-cell parasitic protozoa Plasmodium; transmitted to humans via the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito. Symptoms include high fever, moderate to severe shaking chills, aches and nausea.

Major Infectious Diseases

Influenza: commonly called “flu”, it is caused by influenza virus. Most common symptoms are cold, fever, runny nose, cough, sore throat, fatigue and nausea etc.

Smallpox: caused by Variola virus; invades mouth and throat or the respiratory mucosa and lymph nodes. The first symptoms of smallpox are high fever, fatigue, headaches, and backaches.

Poliomyelitis: an acute, viral, infectious disease spread from person to person, primarily via the fecal-oral route. Symptoms include fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, fatigue, pain or stiffness in arms or legs, and muscle weakness.


Dengue fever: caused by the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito infected with a dengue virus. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle joint pains, and a skin rash similar to measles.

Typhoid fever: caused by the bacterium Salmonella; transmitted by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. Symptoms include abdominal pain, loss of appetite, diarrhea or constipation, rashes etc.

Tuberculosis: caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Symptoms include coughing up blood, chest pains, weakness, Unintentional weight loss, fever, chills loss of appetite and night sweats.


HIV/AIDS: caused by HIV that attacks and weakens the immune system. Most common symptoms include frequent fevers, weight loss, painful swallowing, extreme exhaustion, skin rashes etc.

Swine flu: an infection caused by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses. The most common cause of death in humans is respiratory failure, pneumonia, high fever and dehydration.

Ebola: caused by Ebola viruses. Symptoms usually begin with sudden influenza like stage characterized by feeling tired, fever, decreased appetite, muscle and joint pain, headache, and sore throat.


Video of Top 10 Major Infectious Diseases

Major Infectious Diseases : Graphical Representation of Data

1%3% 6% 9%

27%

1%

53%

Reported cases of major infectious disesaes worldwide

Influenza

Tuberculosis

Typhoid fever

AIDS

Dengue fever

Cholera

Malaria

The number of reported cases of major infectious diseases worldwide are shown in the pie chart.

500,000

1,500,000

216,500

1,500,000

25,000130,000

584,000

0200,000400,000600,000800,000

1,000,0001,200,0001,400,0001,600,000

Num

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f dea

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Major infectious diseases

Death toll worldwide due to major infectious diseases

The number of deaths worldwide due to major infectious diseases is shown in the graph.

Major Infectious Diseases : Graphical Representation of Data

The number of reported cases of major infectious diseases in India in 2014 is shown in the graph.

The number of deaths due to major infectious diseases in India in 2014 is shown in the graph.

2 1,911 3,249 10,322

326,826

612,985

1,108,760

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

Rep

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Reported cases of major infectious diseases in India (2014)

Reported cases in India (2014)

0 27 506 4,966 5,328

140,093

225,346

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

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Death toll due to major infectious diseases in India (2014)

Death toll in India (2014)

Direct

Person to Person

Animal to Person

Droplet Spread

Mother to Unborn Child

Modes of Transmission ofInfectious Diseases

Infectious diseases can spread through direct and indirect contact.

An easy way to catch most infectious diseases is by coming in contact with a person or animal that has the infection. Three ways infectious diseases can be spread through direct contact are:

Person to Person A common way for infectious diseases to spread is through the direct transfer of bacteria, viruses or other germs from one person to another. This can occur when an individual with the bacterium or virus touches, coughs on or kissessomeone who isn't infected. Example:These germs can also spread through the exchange of body fluids from sexual contact or a blood transfusion. The person who passes the germ may have no symptoms of the disease, but may simply be a carrier.

II. Direct Contact

Modes of Transmission of Infectious Diseases

Animal to Person:Being bitten or scratched by an infected animal — even a pet — can make you sick and, in extreme circumstances, can be fatal. Handling animal waste can be hazardous, too. For example, you can acquire a toxoplasmosis infection by scooping your cat's litter box.


Droplet Spread:The spray of droplets during coughing and sneezing can spread infectious disease. You can even infect another person through the droplets created when you speak. Droplets fall to the ground within a few feet, so this type of transmission requires close proximity.

Mother to Unborn Child: A pregnant woman may pass germs that cause infectious diseases to her unborn baby. Some germs can pass through the placenta. Germs in the vagina can be transmitted to the baby during birth.

Animal to Person

Droplet Spread

II. Indirect ContactDisease-causing organisms also can be passed by indirect contact. Many germs can linger on an inanimate object, such as a tabletop, doorknob or faucet handle. When you touch a doorknob handled by someone ill with the flu or a cold, for example, you can pick up the germs he or she left behind. If you then touch your eyes, mouth or nose before washing your hands, you may become infected.


Airborne Transmission:Some infectious agents can travel long distances and remain suspended in the air for an extended period of time. You can catch a disease like measles by entering a room well after someone with measles has departed.

Insect bites:Some infectious agents are transmitted by insects, especially those that suck blood. These include mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. The insects become infected when they feed on infected hosts, such as birds, animals, and humans. The disease is then transmitted when the insect bites a new host. Malaria, West Nile Virus (WNV), and Lyme disease are all spread this way.

Culex mosquito transmits West Nile Virus


Contaminated Objects:Some organisms can live on objects for a short time. If you touch an object, such as a door knob, soon after an infected person, you are exposed to infection. Transmission occurs when you touch your mouth, nose, or eyes before thoroughly washing your hands. Germs can also be spread through contaminated blood products and medical supplies.

Food and Drinking Water Contamination: Another way disease-causing germs can infect you is through contaminated food and water. This mechanism of transmission allows germs to be spread to many people through a single source. E. coli, for example, is a bacterium present in or on certain foods — such as undercooked hamburger or unpasteurized fruit juice. Improperly canned foods can create an environment ripe for Clostridium botulinum, which causes botulism.

Contaminated door knob

Protect Yourself with Healthy Habits

Healthy habits prevent germs and infectious diseases from spreading. Learn, practice, and teach healthy habits. Handle & Prepare Food SafelyFood can carry germs. Wash hands, utensils, and surfaces often when preparing any food, especially raw meat. Always wash fruits and vegetables. Cook and keep foods at proper temperatures. Don't leave food out - refrigerate promptly. Wash Hands Often Keeping your hands clean is one of the best ways to keep from getting sick and spreading illnesses. Cleaning your hands gets rid of germs you pick up from other people, from the surfaces you touch and from the animals you come in contact with. Remember: If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based wipe or hand gel! Clean & Disinfect Commonly Used SurfacesGerms can live on surfaces. Cleaning with soap and water is usually enough. However, you should disinfect your bathroom and kitchen regularly. Disinfect other areas if someone in the house is ill. Stay At Home When SickBy going to work when you are sick, you increase the risk of spreading illness to those around you. It is generally recommended that people stay at home to stop the spread of illness.

Cough & Sneeze into Your SleeveInfluenza (flu) and other serious respiratory illnesses like whooping cough, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) are spread by cough, sneezing, or unclean hands. Use a tissue or your sleeve to cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze to help stop the spread of germs. Dispose of the tissue after use as soon as possible and wash your hands afterwards. Don't Share Personal ItemsAvoid sharing personal items that can't be disinfected, like toothbrushes and razors, or sharing towels between washes. Needles should never be shared, should only be used once, and then thrown away properly. Get VaccinatedVaccines can prevent many infectious diseases. You should get some vaccinations in childhood, some as an adult, and some for special situations like pregnancy and travel. Make sure you and your family is up-to-date on your vaccinations. Avoid Touching Wild AnimalsYou and your pets should avoid touching wild animals which can carry germs that cause infectious diseases. If you are bitten, talk to your doctor. Make sure that your pet's vaccinations are up-to-date.

Protect Yourself with Healthy Habits

Life is not merely to be alive, but to be well. Balanced diet, regular physical

activity and lifestyle management play a key role in the prevention and control of

many diseases. Let’s work together for

Building Healthy India

Healthy India campaign by

Unnat Bharat Nirman

Healthcare

Building healthy india