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Posterior Thigh
The thigh is divided into 2 physical compartments divided by the
Medial and Lateral Intermuscular Septa
-Anterior compartment
-Posterior compartment
The Posterior Compartment of the thigh has two functionally different sets of muscles
•The Adductors
•The Hamstrings
The Adductor Muscles do not have a distinct fascial boundary, but are continuous with the muscles of the posterior compartment also known as the Hamstrings
In total the thigh is divided into 3 functional compartments
1. Anterior or Extensor compartment
1. Medial or Adductor compartment
1. Posterior or Flexor compartment
Skin
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
SeptaSeptaSubcutaneous Fat
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
medial intermuscular septum
lateral intermuscular septum
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
Anterior / Extensorcompartment
Anterior Compartment
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
Anterior / Extensorcompartment
Anterior Compartment
Adductor Compartment
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
Anterior / Extensorcompartment
Anterior Compartment
Adductor Compartment
Hamstring Compartment
The Hamstring Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh
The Hamstring Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh
There are 3 muscles
- Biceps Femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
The Hamstring Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh
There are 3 muscles
- Biceps Femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
These muscles cross the Hip and Knee joints and coordinate extension of the Hip with flexion of the Knee
The Hamstring muscles arise from the
Ischial Tuberosity
posterior aspect
The Hamstring muscles arise from the
Ischial Tuberosity
posterior aspect
The Hamstrings lie beneath the
Gluteus Maximus muscle
There are two muscles on the medial aspect of the posterior thigh
Semimembranosus
Inserts onto the posterior aspect of the Medial Tibial
Condyle
Originates from the Superior Lateral Quadrant
of the Ischial Tuberosity
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Anterior / Extensorcompartment
Anterior Compartment
Adductor Compartment
Semimembranosus
Inserts onto the superior aspect
medial Tibial shaft
Semitendinosus
Originates from the Superior Lateral Quadrant
of the Ischial Tuberosity
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Anterior / Extensorcompartment
Anterior Compartment
Adductor Compartment
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris
Has two heads and lies laterally
Biceps FemorisThe Long Head originates from a combined tendon with the semimembranosus on the superior medial quadrant of the ischial tuberosity
Biceps FemorisThe Long Head originates from a combined tendon with the semimembranosus on the superior medial quadrant of the ischial tuberosity
The Short Head arises from the Femoral Shaft-middle third of the Linea Aspera-Lateral Supracondylar Ridge
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
Anterior / Extensorcompartment
Anterior Compartment
Adductor CompartmentBiceps Short head
Biceps Long Head
Biceps Femoris
The two muscles unite to form an aponeurosis that inserts onto
-fibular head-lateral collateral ligament of the knee-lateral tibial condyle
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Anterior / Extensorcompartment
Anterior Compartment
Adductor CompartmentBiceps Short head
Biceps Long Head
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Nerve Supply of the Posterior Thigh
At its origin the Sciatic Nerve is the thickest
nerve in the body - 2cm
At its origin the Sciatic Nerve is the thickest
nerve in the body - 2cm
It exits the pelvis through the Greater Sciatic Foramen
and runs down the posterior aspect of the thigh
The Sciatic Nerve has two components
-Tibial Division
-Common Peroneal Division
The level at which the Sciatic nerve divides into its component parts is variable
It is usually at the middle to lower third of the thigh, but can be as high as the origin of the sciatic nerve itself
The Hamstring muscles are supplied by the
Sciatic Nerve
The Short Head of Biceps is supplied by the
Common Peroneal Division
Hamstring muscles are supplied by the
Sciatic Nerve
SemimembranosusSemitendinosus Long Head of Biceps Femoris
Are supplied by the Tibial Division
The Tibial Division of the Sciatic Nerve
also supplies the Hamstring portion of
Adductor Magnus
Summary of Muscles
SemimembranosusOrigin Superior lateral quadrant of
posterior surface ischial tuberosity
Insertion Posterior surface of the medial tibial condyle
Action Extends hip, flexes and medially rotates the knee
Nerve Supply Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1)
Blood Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery
Posterior thigh
SemitendinosusOrigin Superior medial quadrant,
posterior surface ischial tuberosityInsertion Superior aspect, medial tibial shaftAction Extends hip, flexes and medially
rotates kneeNerve Supply Tibial portion sciatic nerve (L5, S1)Blood Supply Perforating branches of profunda
femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, superior muscular branches of popliteal artery
Posterior thigh
Posterior ThighBiceps Femoris
Origin Long Head: Superior medial quadrant of the posterior surface of the ischial tuberosityShort Head: Middle third linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
Insertion Fibular head, with extensions to lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle
Action Flexes the knee, rotates tibia laterally, extends the hip joint
Nerve Supply Long head: tibial component of sciatic nerve, Short head: common peroneal component of sciatic nerve (L5, S1)
Blood Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, superior muscular branches of popliteal artery