- 1. Hemoflagellates: Trypanosomaspp. University of Sulaimani
School of Science Department of Biology Practical Parasitology 2
ndstage Lab 7 : Trichomoniasis
2.
- Objectives: Students should be able to:
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- Identify developmental stages of the life cycle
ofTrypanosomaspp.
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- List methods of diagnosis ofTrypanosomaspp.
Trypanosomiasis 3.
- Trypanosomiasis is a group of diseases causedTrypanosomaspp. in
different location in the world.
Trypanosomiasis
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- (African Sleeping sickness)
4. Trypanosomiasis
- West-Africa trypanosomiasis:
- East-Africa trypanosomiasis :
- American trypanosomiasis:
5.
Trypanosomiasis Major Vector-Borne Diseases 6.
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- Anterior section develops in anterior portions of digestive
tract.
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- Trypanosoma gambiense,T. rodesienseT. vivax; T. evansi,
- Stercoraria ( sterc/o feces)
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- Posterior section develops in hindgut of insect.
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- T. cruzi; T. melophagium; T. lewisi
Trypanosomes:Classification 7.
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- Amastigote (Leishmania) stage: Intracellular stage, replicate
within cells of reticuloendothelial system; 2-4mm in diameter,
spheroidor slightly oval, without flagella, may see> 100
amastigotes/cell.
Trypanosomes:Morphology 8.
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- Promastigote (Leptomonas stage): elongated orfusiform (from
short and fat to long and thin) with flagella extending forward,
the kinetoplastid located distally at the anterior end. without
undulating membrane.
Trypanosomes:Morphology 9.
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- Epimastigot (C rithidia stage ):elongated with anterior
flagella and undulating membrane. The kinetoplastid located near
the nucleus.
Trypanosomes:Morphology 10.
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- Trypomastigote in the blood stream; flagellum runs entire
length from posterior.
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- The K is posterior to the N.
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- Includes metacyclic (infective) stage intsetse fly.
Trypanosomes:Morphology 11. Polymorphic spindle-shaped parasites
12.
- Trypomastigotes in the blood stream
Trypanosomes:Morphology 13. African Trypanosomiasis
- A systemic protozoal disease
- Organisms grow in blood, lymph, CSF, and intercellular spaces
(in contrast toT. cruzi)
- Endemic in 36 countries and affects from 20,000 to 50,000
annually.
- Untreated is universally fatal.
14. African Trypanosomiasis 15. Trypanosoma gambiense
- G.D. : West and central Africa
- Disease:mid and west African sleeping sickness
- Habitat:extracellular parasite in blood and other body fluid of
vertebrates.
- Vector: tsetse fly ( Glossina palpalis )
16. Trypanosoma gambiense
The Mouthpart of the Vector injected to the skin of the victim
during a blood meal 17. Trypanosoma rhodesiense
- Disease:Rhodesian or east African sleeping sickness
- Habitat:extracellular parasite in blood and other body fluid of
vertebrates.
- Vector: tsetse fly ( Glossina morsitans )
18. TransmissionTransmitted byTsetse fly Apregnantwomen pass it
to her fetus (rare) Through a bloodtransfusion(rare) 19. 20.
Trypanosoma gambiense African trypanosomiasis Taking up &
injecting the infectious form: 21. Where patients live 22. Tissue
phase: chancre 23. Winterbottom , s sign Enlarged cervical lymph
nodes
-
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- Appear at the base of skull; sign of certain death according to
slave traders.
Hemolymphatic phase 24. CNS phase 25.
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- Fluid aspirated from a chancre
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- Concentrated of the blood buffy coat
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- Double centrifugation technique .
Diagnosis Stage related 26. Trypanosoma 27. American
Trypanosomiasis Dr. Carlos Chagas Central and South America. Chagas
DiseaseTrypanosoma cruzi typical C or S-shaped form. 28.
- Disease:American Trypanisomiasis or Chagas disease
- Habitat:Blood, tissue cell especially heart muscle, nerves,
skeletal and smooth muscle of GIT by way of the blood and lymphatic
system
- Vector: triatomine bug (reduviid bug)
American Trypanosomiasis Triatoma infestans 29.
- Kissing bugs ( Triatoma infestans ) transmit
- not byinoculationbut byfaecal contamination .
30. 31. Chagas' disease
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- Romaa sign:bipalpebral edema (unilateral)
32. Laboratory diagnosis
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- Giemsa stained buffy coat blood smear
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- Biopsy specimen find Trypomastigotes and Amastigotes
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- Serology , IHA, IFAT, ELISA,
33. Laboratory diagnosis 34. Xenodiagnosis