1 presentation

HR 316 Reproductive Endocrinology HR 316 Reproductive Endocrinology ApplicationsApplications

Manipulation (past, present, future) Manipulation (past, present, future)

Reproductive hormones: steroidsReproductive hormones: steroids

MeasurementMeasurement principles principles

2 presentation

• HistoryHistoryCastration (first endocrine experiment?)Castration (first endocrine experiment?)

Male; female?Male; female?

Aphrodisiacs; AnaphrodisiacsAphrodisiacs; Anaphrodisiacs

IUCD, stonesIUCD, stones

• Reasons; modifyReasons; modifyBehaviourBehaviour

FertilityFertility

Fertility and behaviour (vasectomy invention)Fertility and behaviour (vasectomy invention)

3 presentation

• ContraceptionContraceptionThe pill, now pillsThe pill, now pills

Skin patchesSkin patches

Nasal sprayNasal spray

ImplantsImplants

Intrauterine and intravaginal applicationsIntrauterine and intravaginal applications

• Female vs Male applicationsFemale vs Male applicationsFemale major focus, why?Female major focus, why?

Male getting some interestMale getting some interest

4 presentation

• ConceptionConceptionFemaleFemale

Activate cyclic activityActivate cyclic activityControl and time cyclic activityControl and time cyclic activityManipulate ovulation rateManipulate ovulation rateImprove uterine environmentImprove uterine environmentBirth processBirth process

MaleMaleGamete production and maturationGamete production and maturationLibido and erectile functionLibido and erectile function

5 presentation

• Non reproductive reasons?Non reproductive reasons?Muscle; strength, endurance, behaviour, meat?Muscle; strength, endurance, behaviour, meat?

Behaviour, libido modification, general, moodsBehaviour, libido modification, general, moods

Secondary sex characteristicsSecondary sex characteristics

Hair loss?Hair loss?

AcneAcne

Gender modificationGender modification

6 presentation

• Rejuvenation? Rejuvenation? (slave to infantile drives?)(slave to infantile drives?)

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

• FemaleFemale

• MaleMale

7 presentation

• Health and DiseaseHealth and DiseaseHormone linked cancers and ‘growths’Hormone linked cancers and ‘growths’

‘‘Correction’ of amenorrhoeaCorrection’ of amenorrhoeamenstrual cycle irregularities (young girl)menstrual cycle irregularities (young girl)

Reproductive diseasesReproductive diseasesPCOPCOEndometriosis Endometriosis Undescended testiclesUndescended testicles

8 presentation

• FutureFuture

• Post menopausal pregnanciesPost menopausal pregnancies

• Male pregnancyMale pregnancy

• Population control at state or world level?Population control at state or world level?

Target specific points of the hormone production-Target specific points of the hormone production-action pathway! This will provide new action pathway! This will provide new approaches to all of the above!approaches to all of the above!

9 presentation

10 presentation

Population endocrinologyPopulation endocrinology• Hormones govern many life processesHormones govern many life processes

• Hormones are affected by many life eventsHormones are affected by many life events

• They may explain or condition human variationThey may explain or condition human variation

• Quality of life; well-beingQuality of life; well-being

• FertilityFertility

• Blood • Urine• Saliva

• Tears Tears • SweatSweat• FaecesFaeces• BreathBreath• DandruffDandruff

11 presentation

• Well-being and stress:Well-being and stress:Mental: psychometric testsMental: psychometric testsPhysical: growth, healthPhysical: growth, healthPhysiological: eg; blood pressure Physiological: eg; blood pressure Hormone profilesHormone profiles

• Fertility:Fertility:Viable offspringViable offspringIndices: sperm counts, menstrual activityIndices: sperm counts, menstrual activityHormone profilesHormone profiles

12 presentation

Hormones commonly measuredHormones commonly measured

• Catecholamines: Catecholamines: adrenaline; arousaladrenaline; arousalnoradrenaline; activitynoradrenaline; activity

• Cortisol: chronic stressCortisol: chronic stress

StressStress

FertilityFertility • Testosterone; machoTestosterone; macho

• Estrogen; gadflyEstrogen; gadfly

• Progesterone; for Progesterone; for gestation gestation

13 presentation

Cortisol and human biologyCortisol and human biology

• Index of stressIndex of stress

• Effector of chronic stress diseasesEffector of chronic stress diseases

• HomeostasisHomeostasis

• Interaction with reproductionInteraction with reproduction

14 presentation

Testosterone and human biologyTestosterone and human biology

• General health indexGeneral health index

• FertilityFertility

• Pain index?Pain index?

• Euphoria, depressionEuphoria, depression

• Sexual stimulationSexual stimulation

• Longevity (- 6 years)Longevity (- 6 years)

15 presentation

Estrogen and human biologyEstrogen and human biology

• General health index General health index

• FertilityFertility

• OsteoporosisOsteoporosis

• Cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular disease

• Hormone replacement therapy; HRTHormone replacement therapy; HRT

• Breast cancerBreast cancer

• Sports performanceSports performance

16 presentation

Progesterone and human biologyProgesterone and human biology

• General health indexGeneral health index

• FertilityFertility

• OsteoporosisOsteoporosis

• Cardiovascular diseasesCardiovascular diseases

• Hormone replacement therapy; HRTHormone replacement therapy; HRT

• Sports performanceSports performance

17 presentation

BiologyBiology

sourcesource transporttransport targettarget

clearanceclearance

productionproductioneffecteffect

blood blood concentrationconcentration

18 presentation

• SourceSourceEndogenous control; feedback mechanisms; HPG axisEndogenous control; feedback mechanisms; HPG axisExogenous source, synthetic hormonesExogenous source, synthetic hormones

• Transport and MetabolismTransport and MetabolismEntry to blood, blood flow and carriage, exit from blood, free/boundEntry to blood, blood flow and carriage, exit from blood, free/boundMetabolism; deactivation, activation. Metabolic clearance rateMetabolism; deactivation, activation. Metabolic clearance rateBlood concentration = production/metabolic clearance rateBlood concentration = production/metabolic clearance rate

• TargetTargetTransport from blood to cellTransport from blood to cellCell receptors; blockersCell receptors; blockersLocal metabolism; activation-deactivationLocal metabolism; activation-deactivationCellular responseCellular response

19 presentation

estrogen

estrogen

progesterone

progesterone

follicularfollicular lutealluteal

1 14 28

FSHFSH

pituitarypituitary

hypothalamushypothalamus

LHLH- ve - ve

+ ve

StressStressNutritionNutrition Psychosocial ?Psychosocial ?

20 presentation

SpermatogenesisSpermatogenesis testosteronetestosterone

FSHFSH

pituitarypituitary

hypothalamushypothalamus

LHLH- ve - ve

StressStressNutritionNutrition Psychosocial ?Psychosocial ?

inhibininhibin

21 presentation

Testis; testosteroneTestis; testosterone

testistestis bloodblood hairhair

liverliverkidneys kidneys

blood blood concentrationconcentration urineurine

salivasaliva

22 presentation

bound ~ 97%bound ~ 97%sourcesource

free ~ 3%free ~ 3%

salivasalivaurineurine

targettarget

bloodblood

metabolisedmetabolised

23 presentation

productionproduction rate rate

urineurine

clearance rateclearance rate

blood concentration =blood concentration = production rate / clearance rateproduction rate / clearance rate

24 presentation15 presentation

Measurement logicMeasurement logic

brainbrain targettargetadrenaladrenalcortexcortex

pituitarypituitary hypo-hypo-thalamusthalamus

salivasalivaurineurine bloodblood