Mycoplasma Infection Costs: When a naïve

population become infected

Thomas Gillespie, DVM, Diplomate ABVPMegan S. Nemechek, DVMRensselaer Swine Serviceswww.rssvet.comMember of the Swine Health Alliancewww.swinehealthalliance.com

04/08/2023

04/08/2023

Disclaimer!

There are many in this room that grew up with computers, but for those of us born using “stone tablets” – Excel can be challenging!

04/08/2023

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniaeM hyo. acronyms

– MPS: Mycoplasma Pneumonia of swine– EP: Enzootic Pneumonia– PRDC: Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex

• Several pathogens in combination can yield PRDC including PRRS, SIV, APP, Salmonella cholerasuis…

• Lesions tend to be most severe when Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is present.

Old Disease– 1948: MPS first recognized as a specific disease.– 1965: First reproduced experimentally in US and England.

04/08/2023

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

The bug

– Small– Slow growing (weeks

to months to culture)– Difficult to isolate – Easily killed by many

disinfectants– Predilection for

epithelial cilia in the lower airways

History and overview: Pathogenesis

Enzootic Pneumonia - The disease– By itself

• Dry, non-productive cough• Reduced ADG• Reduced Feed Conversion• High morbidity and low mortality

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How?• Attachment to epithelial cilia in the lower airways yields

“a broken escalator”– Bronchitis or Bronchiolitis– Inflammation -> airway obstruction– Pneumonia

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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Gross Lesions• Catarrhal

bronchopneumonia in the cranioventral and accessory lobes and the cranial portion of the caudal lung lobes

04/08/2023

» Mycoplasma is maintained in the herd by sow to piglet transmission.

» Slow spread of the organism within litters » Once infection is established in few pigs, transmission among

pen mates occurs, especially after animals are pooled together at weaning time.

» Increased animal density downstream in the nursery» Spread of other infectious agents (SIV or PRRS) and

environmental factors (dust or gas) also occur following weaning. All can make the infection more severe.

» Typically peak of M. hyo is observed in the finishing period

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Disease Dynamics

Veterinarians = manage health

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Clinical symptoms

Serology

Lesions Performance

04/08/2023

Herd dynamics and demographics

1. 2200 sows multiple sites

2. Main finisher site is a continues flow site with only 2 to 4 weeks of “downtime”

• Today with additional off-sites – nearly 7 weeks of time when no pigs are placed

3. March, 2010 a cough developed and was diagnosed as M hyo without PRRS virus or Influenza virus A

Each unit has constraints

• Flow in the finisher • Lighter market weights when the health

challenge occurred• Feed conversion varies due to feed

ingredients and health• Co-infections makes it hard to develop

costs although in this case only one pathogen was involved

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Working with close out information

Mortality ADG FC substandardPre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre post

PPFW13660 - 08/03/2009 6.85%   1.97  2.33  2.63%BBFN13699 - 08/30/2009 4.17%   1.95  2.61  3.96%PPFE13721 - 09/10/2009 3.10%   1.94  2.39  2.23%RMF13749 - 09/10/2009 2.41%   2.06  2.62  0.88%MWF13749 - 09/22/2009 1.40%   2.01  2.42  2.48%PPFW13780 - 11/10/2009 9.18%   1.97  2.44  1.39%BBNF13823 - 11/16/2009 2.95%   2.10  2.73  1.55%MWF13871 - 01/05/2010 2.37%   2.07  2.68  0.81%PPFE13829 - 01/05/2010 5.56%   1.95  2.58  2.09%RMF13868 - 01/05/2010 1.75%   2.05  2.93  0.25%RMF13868 - 02/23/2010 4.76%   1.91  2.69  2.47%MWF13975 - 04/27/2010   2.67%   1.94  2.78 2.37%PPFE13927 - 05/03/2010   7.65%   1.79  2.81 3.51%PPWF13993 - 06/24/2010   8.27%   1.80  2.80 5.10%RMF14070 - 07/28/2010   4.41%   1.86  2.96 1.54%MWF14087 - 08/17/2010   2.44%   1.84  2.79 0.96%PPEF14040 - 08/17/2010   10.40%   1.77  2.62 3.16%

Average 4.04% 5.97% 2.00 1.83 2.58 2.79 1.89% 2.77%

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PPFW13

660

- 08/

03/2

009

BBFN1369

9 - 0

8/30

/200

9

PPFE1372

1 - 0

9/10

/200

9

RMF13

749

- 09/

10/2

009

MW

F1374

9 - 0

9/22

/200

9

PPFW13

780

- 11/

10/2

009

BBNF1382

3 - 1

1/16

/200

9

MW

F1387

1 - 0

1/05

/201

0

PPFE1382

9 - 0

1/05

/201

0

RMF13

868

- 01/

05/2

010

RMF13

868

- 02/

23/2

010

MW

F1397

5 - 0

4/27

/201

0

PPFE1392

7 - 0

5/03

/201

0

PPWF13

993

- 06/

24/2

010

RMF14

070

- 07/

28/2

010

MW

F1408

7 - 0

8/17

/201

0

PPEF1404

0 - 0

8/17

/201

00.00%

0.50%

1.00%

1.50%

2.00%

2.50%

3.00%

3.50%

4.00%

4.50%

5.00%

Pre and Post infectionCovariance of Market Weights

CoVar

Avg CoVar

Group - Closeout Date

Co

Var

Mycoplasma swabs - 3/9/10

04/08/2023

PPFW13

660

- 08/

03/2

009

BBFN1369

9 - 0

8/30

/200

9

PPFE1372

1 - 0

9/10

/200

9

RMF13

749

- 09/

10/2

009

MW

F1374

9 - 0

9/22

/200

9

PPFW13

780

- 11/

10/2

009

BBNF1382

3 - 1

1/16

/200

9

MW

F1387

1 - 0

1/05

/201

0

PPFE1382

9 - 0

1/05

/201

0

RMF13

868

- 01/

05/2

010

RMF13

868

- 02/

23/2

010

MW

F1397

5 - 0

4/27

/201

0

PPFE1392

7 - 0

5/03

/201

0

PPWF13

993

- 06/

24/2

010

RMF14

070

- 07/

28/2

010

MW

F1408

7 - 0

8/17

/201

0

PPEF1404

0 - 0

8/17

/201

01.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

Pre and Post InfectionADG

ADG

Avg ADG

Group - Closeout Date

AD

G

04/08/2023

PPFW13

660

- 08/

03/2

009

BBFN1369

9 - 0

8/30

/200

9

PPFE1372

1 - 0

9/10

/200

9

RMF13

749

- 09/

10/2

009

MW

F1374

9 - 0

9/22

/200

9

PPFW13

780

- 11/

10/2

009

BBNF1382

3 - 1

1/16

/200

9

MW

F1387

1 - 0

1/05

/201

0

PPFE1382

9 - 0

1/05

/201

0

RMF13

868

- 01/

05/2

010

RMF13

868

- 02/

23/2

010

MW

F1397

5 - 0

4/27

/201

0

PPFE1392

7 - 0

5/03

/201

0

PPWF13

993

- 06/

24/2

010

RMF14

070

- 07/

28/2

010

MW

F1408

7 - 0

8/17

/201

0

PPEF1404

0 - 0

8/17

/201

02.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

3.20

Pre and Post InfectionFC

FC

Avg FC

Group - Closeout Date

FC

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PPFW13

660

- 08/

03/2

009

BBFN1369

9 - 0

8/30

/200

9

PPFE1372

1 - 0

9/10

/200

9

RMF13

749

- 09/

10/2

009

MW

F1374

9 - 0

9/22

/200

9

PPFW13

780

- 11/

10/2

009

BBNF1382

3 - 1

1/16

/200

9

MW

F1387

1 - 0

1/05

/201

0

PPFE1382

9 - 0

1/05

/201

0

RMF13

868

- 01/

05/2

010

RMF13

868

- 02/

23/2

010

MW

F1397

5 - 0

4/27

/201

0

PPFE1392

7 - 0

5/03

/201

0

PPWF13

993

- 06/

24/2

010

RMF14

070

- 07/

28/2

010

MW

F1408

7 - 0

8/17

/201

0

PPEF1404

0 - 0

8/17

/201

00.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

Pre and Post InfectionMortality

Mortality %

Avg Mortality

Group - Closeout Date

Mo

rtal

ity

Statistical analysis

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 Number of

batches

ADG FCR ADFI

(mean±SD) (mean±SD) (mean±SD)

(lb.)    

Mycoplasma naïve period

16 1.99± 0.095 2.58±0.190 5.11±0.43

Mycoplasma infection/post

infection period

  9   1.86±0.680 2.71±0.150 5.05±0.40

Difference between the two time

periods (t-test)      P=0.0021 P=0.07 P=0.74

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Assumptions

Feed Price $232.00 /T or $0.116/ lb.with no antibiotic or

fat added

Market Hog Revenue $130.00 /pig

Maintenance cost of DOF 5.50 lb./day

Overhead Cost of DOF $0.10 /day

Initial Weight of Pigs 50.0 lbs.

Market Weight of Pigs 255.0 lbs.

(This market weight is light)

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Economic calculations

1. Feed Cost

Naïve Myco+ Difference

Gain, lb. 205.0 205.0

FCR 2.58 2.71 0.13

Lbs. Feed/Pig 528.9 555.6 26.65

Feed Cost $122.70 $128.89 Difference = $6.18

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Economic calculations

2. Maintenance cost of DOF

Naïve Myco+ Difference

Gain, lbs. 205.0 205.0

ADG, g/d 1.99 1.86 -0.13

Days to Market 103.0 110.2 7.20

Maintenance Feed Cost $0.00 $9.19Difference =

$9.19

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Economic calculations

3. Overhead Cost of DOF

Naïve Myco+ Difference

Days to Market 103.0 110.2 7.20

Overhead Cost/pig $10.30 $11.02Difference =

$0.72

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Sum of the three cost centers

Total Costs associated with this Mycoplasma infection

1. Feed Cost $6.18

2. Maintenance cost of DOF $9.19

3. Overhead Cost of DOF $0.72

Total $16.09 /pig

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Another look at cost difference

Income over feed cost

Naïve Myco+ Difference

Income/pig $130.00 $130.00

Feed Cost $122.70 $128.89 $6.18

Maintenance Feed Cost $0.00 $9.19 $9.19

Overhead Cost $10.30 $11.02 $0.72

Revenue -$3.01 -$19.10 $16.09

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Other potential significant costs

• Please note that this does not include:– Injectable and water expenses– Additional feed expenses– Sort loss and cull animal – Mortality costs– Extra labor– Etc.

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Summary comments

• The outbreak occurred in March, 2010– Economic costs were figured in late 2010

after client asked for a look at costs associated with the outbreak but to leave out the mortality.

• The example today is using current feed and other costs in today’s environment

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Summary comments

• Sick pigs don’t eat!• Costs will vary depending on pathogens

associated with the outbreak and variables included

• Recent high feed costs has most everyone focused on Feed Conversion– What about longer time to market?

• Can use this method to help an owner look at a disease elimination program

04/08/2023

New image of

Horsehead Nebula in infrared

Astronomers have used NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope to photograph the iconic Horsehead Nebula in a new, infrared light to mark the 23rd anniversary of the famous observatory’s launch aboard the space shuttle Discovery on April 24, 1990.

www.earthsky.org/science-wire/new-image-of-horsehead-nebula-in-infrared

Thank you!!