ASTHMAANDCOPDBy Ifsha Akhlaq

ASTHMA Is a chronic disease characterized by

recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing varying in severity and frequency from person to person.

EPIDEMIOLOGY In 2001 7.3% increased. - In 2010 8.4% increased. From 2001 – 2009 asthma per - Worldwide deaths by asthma is 180,000

annually.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Involve in three components:-1) Airway inflammation.2) Intermittent airflow obstruction.3) Bronchial hype responsiveness.

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS Wheezing Whistling sound when

breathe Shortness of breath Chest pain Chronic coughing Asthma symptoms also

known as asthma flare-ups or asthma attacks.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST Medical histories. Breathing tests. Spirometry test. Allergy test for those who have allergy with asthma.

TREATMENT It requires continuous medical care. Moderate to Severe asthma require long

term medications daily like anti inflammatory drug.

Such as corticosteroids, budesonide, mometasone, flunisolide.

If symptoms occur short term medications (Inhaled short acting beta) agonists anticholinergics.

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a

lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lungs airflow that interferes with normal breathing.

EPIDEMIOLOGYCOPD is third leading cause of death in America.- In 2010 - 12.1 million in U.S - 10.1 million Americans - 4 percent in Washington - 9 percent in AlbaniaReported.Worldwide:- - 64 million in 2004 worldwide. - 3 million in 2005. - 90% die in low and middle income

countries.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The most common cause of COPD is chronic

exposure to cigarette smoke directly or by air pollution occupational exposure.

The smoking or other irritants o fairways cause neutrophils, T-lymphocytes and other inflammatory cells which are accumulate in airways.

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS Ongoing cough Increased mucus Shortness of breath Wheezing Fatigue Frequent flare-ups

DIAGNOSTIC TEST - X-rays or CT Scans of the chest. - Pulmonary function testing. - Oximetry or arterial blood gas testing.

TREATMENTThere are several paths for treatment of COPD.- Avoiding infections- Medications -Bronchodilators -Anti inflammatory -Antibiotics- Oxygen therapy- Pulmonary rehabilitation- Lung volume Reduction surgery.