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NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
ALPHA DRAFT OPEN FOR COMMENTS
COLLABORATIVE SCENARIOS FOR LOCAL DEVELOPMENT (plus COLLABORATIVE STRATEGY MAKING WORKSHOP)
Part of the OuiShare Collaborative Territories Toolkit
Features of the collaborative economy scenarios and perspective benefits for citizens and administrations
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
License
This Work is released under Creative Commons AttributionShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BYSA 4.0) license
Release Note
These documents are released as Alpha drafts, open for comments. We didn’t plan to release the draft documents making up the Kit before the Beta release date which is currently planned for January 2015. But as an answer to an overwhelming number of requests received we then decided to disclose the alpha documents and open them for readers to comment and help us shape the work. Please consider all these documents are not final and are currently being reworked and refined both in content and formats. It’s also crucial to say that we are talking about possible benefits, or likely benefits. Evidence for many of these assumptions is still being created in this space, and some of these assumptions have not yet been proven scientifically as "facts": indeed, part of the work we want to do with the Toolkit is exactly that of creating a “factsheet” which will be backing these assumptions with facts. Release Content While the Kit will contains different documents and be based on a wider and more actionable structure we release today some of its early components. More in details, in this release you’ll find:
The Collaborative Territories Scenarios A booklet describing 30 collaborative economy scenarios which are capable to positively impact territorial development strategies.
The Collaborative Strategymaking workshop The Description of the Workshop we
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
agenda adopted in Bologna on the launch of the Toolkit (October 2014)
Materials for prints to be used during the workshop
The Collaborative Scenario Badges The Expert Tags Available here
Thanks for your attention and please get back to the #Sharitories team for suggestions. Enjoy the Alpha Draft! Coming up next We have grand plans for the Collaborative Territories Toolkit: we are working on a threephase / threetype strategic plan (see figure below) to sustain and facilitate the collaborative economy on a local scale. Most of the material released today, pertains to the first phase of the process, that dedicated to awareness building. First Beta release of the kit, which will include a comprehensive awareness phase and initial guidelines and insights for following phases will be launched in January. Stay Tuned by signing up on this form.
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
About Sharitories Sharitories is a global project with a very practical scope: to create a Collaborative Territories Toolkit for local policymakers around the world who wish to implement collaborative or sharing initiatives in their local areas and help them thrive. Sharitories was born in June 2014 through OuiShare, a global community and think and dotank with the mission to build and nurture a collaborative society by connecting people, organizations and ideas around fairness, openness and trust.
The Collaborative Territories Toolkit The toolkit will be based on contributions and best practices from across the globe, collected from thought leaders and
practitioners who work to speed up the transition towards a collaborative society. With this set of tools, both existing and created ad hoc, OuiShare and FORUM PA want to offer local governments an open platform for the understanding of the potential of collaborative policies and practices in society and the economy.
Getting Involved The Collaborative Territories Toolkit “Sharitories” project is looking for adopters, sponsors and fellow collaborators that want to help shaping the collaborative future of territories worldwide. You can contribute to the project in many ways: by allocating financial resources on the kit development as a sponsor, by testing the approach in your context as a local administrator or changemaker, by inviting the Sharitories team to hold a workshop to help you solve your local challenge as a public entity or just by joining the growing OuiShare team. If you or your organization want to get involved in the project please get in touch with: Simone Cicero [email protected] (for Italian and English inquiries) Albert Cañigueral [email protected] (for Spanish inquiries) Samuel Romeau [email protected] (for French inquiries) Thomas Doennebrink [email protected] (fro German inquiries)
Or Stay Tuned by signing up on this form.
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
About OuiShare OuiShare is a global community and think and dotank. Our mission is to build and nurture a collaborative society by connecting people, organizations and ideas around fairness, openness and trust. We believe that economic, political and social systems based on
these values can solve many of the complex challenges the world faces and enable everyone to access to the resources and opportunities they need to thrive. OuiShare activities consist of building community, producing knowledge and incubating projects around the topics of communities and the collaborative economy, as well as offering support to individuals and organizations through professional services and education.
About ForumPA FORUM PA is a company specialized in public relations and institutional communication. It was established in 2010 as a Istituto Mides srl subsidiary company, that’s specialized in the organization of exhibitions and meetings from forty years. FORUM PA fosters meetings and debates among public administration,
companies and citizens about innovation themes through the creation of communities, studies, researches, multimedia communication, events, meetings and training. The main activity of FORUM PA is the expo: since twentythree years, FORUM PA is the point of reference for innovation and modernization in public administration.
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
A SHARED MOBILITY
SCENARIOS
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
Peertopeer Car Sharing
Related concepts: car clubs, persontoperson car sharing, peertopeer car rental. Description: Peertopeer car sharing allows people to rent or rent out cars for a short period (usually hours or days) through a platform (website, mobile app, etc.). The platform connects owners and users and can be run by private companies, public administrations or cooperatives. Usually, P2P car sharing platforms need a specific agreement with an insurer because normal car insurance don’t cover such a use for the car. Benefits for citizens: Income generation or/and saving money. Benefits for local administration: complement public transportation service, reduce urban congestion, positive global waste reduction. Example: RelayRides is an American platform created in 2012 in San Francisco. It includes so far 10.000 car owners renting out their cars and operates in more than 2100 cities in the States. Drivy is a French company operating now 20000 private cars used for a P2P car sharing fleet. Drivy also partners with BlaBlaCar in an effort to create integrated solutions.
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
Branded Car Sharing
Related concepts: car clubs Description: This is a service where people can rent cars for a short period (hours or days) through an online application or website. The service is run by a provider that own all the cars. The provider can be private, public, like administrations, or a cooperative. In free floating car sharing, cars can be picked and left wherever in the town while in station based carsharing, you have to leave the car in a particular spot. This often happens with electric car sharing programs. A study carried out by the University of California Transport Centre has concluded say that Car Sharing can reduce number of cars on the long term . While some common 1
fear is that in the short term you add more cars to the urban environment, the study shows that people may get rid of their cars or avoid buying them because the service is available. Benefits for citizens: saving money on car ownership, time saving (access to restricted areas of the cities that reduce time you need to go, special parkings, etc.). Benefits for local administration: complement public transportation service, reduce urban congestion, reduce CO2 emissions. Example: Autolib’; this service in Paris is run by a partnership between the city Town Hall and private companies. It is complementary to the bikesharing service run by the same administration. It consist so far of 2000 electric cars available 24/7. The goal is to have 3000 cars in total. They also provide over 4000 charging points and parking spaces across the city.
1 Elliot Martin and Susan Shaheen, The Impact of Carsharing on Household Vehicle Ownership, UCTC, 2011, [http://www.uctc.net/access/38/access38_carsharing_ownership.shtml]
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
Ridesharing, Carpooling
Related concepts: ridesharing, lift sharing, covoiturage, carpooling Description: This is a service where people can share car journeys. Passengers and drivers offer and search for the journey they need through a mediation platform. Sometimes a price is set related to sharing the cost of the trip. Usually parties agree on the meetingpoint and details through the platform. The connection platform could be a public web site, a private one (e.g. for the employers of a company), a mobile app, manned carpooling agencies, or pick up points. Carpooling can also be used on recurring routes (e.g. in corporate use). The platform can be run by private companies, public administrations and cooperatives. The system usually include a system to allow drivers and passenger to express reviews and create trustable profiles. Although ridesharing usually refers to shared journeys in cars, ridesharing services also work with other vehicles, such as buses, motorbikes and even ships. Benefits for citizens: Money saving, social interaction and inclusion, accessible transport services. Benefits for local administration: complement public transportation service, reduce urban congestion, reduce CO2 emissions (especially for recurring carpooling), social cohesion within neighborhoods. Example: BlaBlaCar; this is an online platform run by a private French company that connects drivers and passengers. So far they have 10.000.000 users in 13 countries. The average is 2.000.000 people using the service each month.
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
Bike Sharing
Related concepts: bicycle system, bike share scheme Description: This is a service that allows people to rent a bike for a short period. Usually it allows to borrow the bike in a pick up point and return it in another station, distributed on the territory. You can also have bikesharing near train stations, in a sort of “Lastmile bikesharing”. The service is usually run by a provider that own all the bikes: it can be private (e.g. for brand visibility), public, like administrations, or a cooperative. There could be a additional service of a web site or mobile app mapping all the pickup points and showing if there are bikes available. Benefits for citizens: cost and time saving, health benefits. Benefits for local administration: complement public transportation service, reduce urban congestion, reduce CO2 emissions, welfare benefits (healthier citizens means less cost for the health care). Example: Bicing is the public bike sharing system of Barcelona, run by the local administration. So far it serves more than 97.000 users with 6000 bicycles spread over 420 stations. The service offers also a web site and a mobile app. BlueBike is a Belgian lastmile bike sharing initiative, near train stations, organized by the Belgian Railway operator.
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
B SPACES FOR SHARED CREATIVITY
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Coworking
Related concepts: Office Sharing, Arts Asylums Description: a coworking is a shared working place for freelance, small companies, homeworkers and travellers. People can hire a desk for a long period (and have a permanent desk or room) or a workspace for a shorter period (e.g. for travellers). Most of them are driven by private companies but some are driven by nonprofit associations with subsidies from public administrations. Benefits for citizen: Income generation or cost savings on office space, social interaction and cultural exchange, complementing skills and competences, access to expensive equipments (e.g. printers), generating increasing business possibilities. Benefits for local administration: “clustereffect” for innovation, possible revenues or cost reduction due to transforming idle spaces into value, social impact, social inclusion, generating lifelong learning opportunities, nurturing entrepreneurship. Example: Toolbox is a coworking in Turin that reuses two ex textile factories in the city center. It has workspaces, shared desks, meeting rooms and events spaces and it also hosts Fablab Turin, home of Officine Arduino and R&D office from the Italian company which empowers makers worldwide.
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Makerspaces, Fablabs, Fabcafé
Related concepts: fabrication laboratory Description: a fablab is a laboratory equipped with digital fabrication machinery such as 3D printers, CNC milling machines, Laser Cutters, etc. The Fablab concept was coined at MIT and now exists as an international network of more that 400 spaces worldwide. Similar spaces, usually called makerspaces are more independent spaces which almost identical mission and characteristics. These labs can have restricted access policies (e.g. only for a group of professionals or subscribers) or allow whoever to use it also just for one time (for free or paying the service). The lab staff usually also offer assistance and help to use machines, develop ideas and improve technical skills. These laboratories offer increasing possibilities to makers, craftsmen and professionals to create new business opportunities, create new products, solve social issues and learn lifelong skills. Benefits for citizen: Income generation or cost savings, social interaction and cultural exchange, complementing skills and competences, access to expensive equipments, increasing business possibilities, waste reduction (making spare parts). Benefits for local administration: “clustereffect” on innovation, possible revenues or cost reduction due to transforming idle spaces into value, social impact, social inclusion, generating lifelong learning opportunities, nurturing entrepreneurship, waste reduction (making spare parts). Example: TechShop is an American chain of memberbased workshops: the first one was opened to the public in 2006, in Menlo Park, California, in the heart of Silicon Valley. It consists so far of 8 Fablabs in differents cities in the US.
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C COMMUNITY AGRICULTURE
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Urban Agriculture
Related concepts: community garden, urban gardening Description: Urban agriculture is the practice of cultivating, processing and distributing food in or around a village, town or city (built environment). This could involve a community of organic growers and citizens who produce food in urban spaces, sometimes offered by the local administration, cooperatives or privates. It can also consist of individuals who grow their own urban gardens or allotment gardens. The food produced is usually distributed among the people involved in the production, although it can be also sold. Often, due to the small spaces available (mostly in big cities), the urban gardening can use more productive and technological methods like the “permaculture” approach. It can also be practised in unusual spaces like upcycled trucks or busses. Many urban agriculture communities and projects connect individuals both online and in real life, helping and promoting each other (e.g. supporting crowdfunding campaigns). Urban gardens can be completely open or shared between people from one building, one company, one neighborhood etc. Benefits for citizen: Healthy lifestyle, income generation or/and money saving, better quality food, sense of community, improved urban environment, social interaction. Benefits for local administration: Improved urban environment, pollution decrease (CO2 capture, soil decontamination, reduced carbon footprint for transportation, waste reduction), welfare benefits (healthier citizens means less cost for the health care, social activities for elderlies and kids, food justice), improved local economy. Example: San Francisco; In 2011 the San Francisco Environment Department signed the Urban Agriculture Ordinance “to officially recognize and permit edible gardening and urban farming throughout San Francisco. The ordinance amends the City planning code to allow food production for personal use (personal consumption or sharing) and public use (donation or sale), provide guidelines and requirements for urban farms, and regulate sales of harvested products and valueadded goods”. The project involves also other agencies as the Planning Department, Public Utilities Commission, Department of Public Health, Department of Building Inspection.
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Food hubs and Community Supported Agriculture
Related concepts: Communitysupported agriculture, consumer groups. Description: this is an alternative, locallybased model of food distribution that allows people to buy and sell food supporting local producers and bypassing the large retailers. It involves a group or association of individuals who support local farmers, one or more. There are many different models: buyers could share with the farmers the risks and benefits of the production (the buyers pay a fixed price at the beginning of the growing season, allowing farmers to deal with production expenses and later receive weekly a box of food), otherwise buyers can just buy and pay for the products when they are sold. In some cases which are more engaged in terms of support to local agriculture, you don't have choice of what you get and you also need to help distributing food twice a year or so. Otherwise food can be chosen by the buyers. It can be delivered directly to the consumers or in local collective points, and so on. Benefits for citizen: Healthy lifestyles, better business conditions due to cutting intermediaries, income generation or/and money saving, better quality food, sense of community, social interaction, Benefits for local administration: pollution decrease (reduced carbon footprint for transportation, waste reduction), welfare benefits (healthier citizens means less cost for the healthcare), improved local economy.
Example: The Food Assembly is a platform created in 2012 in France to connect local farmers and food makers and consumers. Each local assembly organizes weekly online sales, where people can order what they want, and weekly, and events where people collect their orders directly from the farmers. So far is widespread mostly in France and Belgium with more than 400 local assemblies.
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D COLLABORATIVE PRODUCTION
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Digital Fabrication based Manufacturing
Related concepts: DoItYourself, Making Description: Digital Fabrication is a technology advancement in manufacturing and fabrication processes that allow ondemand production of goods thanks to computercontrolled machines such as 3D printers, laser cutter, CNC mills or routers. This not only allows for the production of goods locally, but also to produce unique pieces whose production would be otherwise too expensive (with a traditional industrial process). Digital Fabrication is often used in collaboration with Open Design, a new approach which allows people to selfcreate their own goods by downloading designs from the internet and bringing them to a place where digital fabrication machinery is available to produce them. Benefits for citizen: entrepreneurship, creativity, income generation or cost savings, increasing business possibilities. Benefits for local administration: increase economy, job creation. Example: OpenDesk is a platform created in UK that connects furniture designers with local digital producers and buyers. Designers create their own projects. Then buyers can or download the project and make it thanks to digital fabrication, e.g. in a local Fablab, or contact the closer maker who can make it for him/her.
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Decentralized energy Production
Related concepts: distributed energy, district energy
Description: this is a system to produce and store energy by a variety of small, gridconnected devices (distributed resources), instead of traditional power stations (gas, nuclear, etc.). Contrary to the latter, this system needs no additional energy to transmit that produced over long distances. Decentralized production uses modular and more flexible technologies, located close to the load they serve and uses typically renewable energy sources as biomass, biogas, solar power, wind power, geothermal power, etc. Increasingly, this energy can be sold on the market.
Benefits for citizen: income generation and/or cost savings, cleaner environment Benefits for local administration: pollution decrease, improved local economy.
Example: Vandebron, a startup from the Netherlands, arranges for consumers to buy electricity directly from independent producers, such as farmers with wind turbines in their fields. Utilities are never part of the transaction.
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User Coops
Related concepts: Nonprofits service providers, worker coops. Description: User cooperatives are a traditional form of organisation usually formed by citizens (users) needing access to a given primary service such as internet connectivity, energy, food supply, coworking space, etc. By becoming part of the cooperative they cooperatively own, produce and maintain the service with lower profit generation requirements resulting in more accessible services. Benefits for citizen: cost savings, social community involvement. Benefits for local administration: social cohesion, reduced market influence on core services, resilience, citizen participation. Example: NOINET is an Italian user coop which offers high speed internet connectivity through its member network: the ones who join can become active nodes (opening up to new communities in neighborhoods).
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E COLLECTIVE / SHARED USE, REUSE AND RECYCLE
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Recycling, Upcycling and Gift Marketplaces
Related concepts: gift economy Description: this is the practise of giving away for free usable goods to other people instead of disposing them in landfills. Upcycling is the process of converting waste materials or useless products into new materials or products of better quality or for better environmental value (the upcycled products could also be sold). This practise can be eased by online platforms, local communities, events, etc. Benefits for citizen: income generation or cost savings, social interaction, “warm glow” from giving away things for free. Benefits for local administration: waste reduction, social inclusion. Example: The Freecycle Network is a nonprofit organization, started in Arizona in 2013, which connects people who are giving (and getting) stuff for free in their own towns. So far is made up of 5.157 groups with more than 8.000.000 members around the world. Each local group is moderated by local volunteers and membership is free.
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Swapping
Related concepts: barter Description: this is the practise of exchanging goods directly for other goods without using a medium of exchange, such as money. It is a reciprocal exchange and can be immediate or delayed (for example adopting a system of internal credits). This practice can be eased by online platforms, events, local communities (for exchange of services, see below: time banks). Benefits for citizen: cost savings, social interaction, “warm glow”. Benefits for local administration: waste reduction, social inclusion
Example: SwapTreasures is an American website that provides a free bartering platform for members to give away stuff they no longer need and to receive points in return. With points people can get free stuff they want. In Italy, Dropis, introduced in 2013 the Barter Credits.
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Repair Cafes
Related concepts: Description: A Repair Cafe is a meeting place in which people repair appliances/devices, organized by and for local residents. They meet at a fixed location where tools are available and where they can fix their broken stuff with the help of handy volunteers. Objectives are to reduce the waste pile, to maintain repairing knowledge and to strengthen the social cohesion. Benefits for citizen: cost savings, social interaction, “warm glow” from helping others. Benefits for local administration: waste reduction, social inclusion, education, awareness, change of habits of the population regarding reuse and repair
Example: Online http://repaircafe.org/ portal, allows people to organize repair cafe meetups in their own cities worldwide.
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Lending/Borrowing Tools and Tool libraries
Related concepts: Description: this is the practise of borrowing goods for free or lending them for money. This practise can be made easier by online platforms or local communities and it’s usually linked to the availability of spaces which can host the tools. One approach is that of transforming existing libraries – where people use to borrow books – into “tools” libraries where one can borrow tools. Sometimes, these tools can also be bigger tools which may need a place to be used (e.g. computers, advanced video editing tools, music). Benefits for citizen: cost savings, social interaction, social inclusion, expression of creativity, access to production equipments. Benefits for local administration: waste reduction, efficient use of resources, accessibility to goods, social cohesion, nurturing creativity.
Example: Peerby: this is a Dutch website that provides a platform to borrow goods. In France, Sharevoisin is a similar platform.
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Second hand markets
Related concepts: reuse Description: second hand marketplaces can be both online and offline. Offline second hand marketplaces have been around all along in cities and now the web technology is making even more easier to resell second hand items. Second hand marketplaces have been embraced also by brands. Benefits for citizen: cost saving, positive global environmental footprint. Benefits for local administration: waste reduction Example: Second hand marketplaces are traditionally present in many cities. Examples may include Rome’s Porta Portese historic market. Increasingly, neighborhoods set up recurring second hand markets in shared spaces to encourage citizen to have a more conscious relationship with goods and consumption. Brands increasingly embraced the model, e.g. Apple refurbished items sold on the company website, or also the experimentations in second hand branded marketplaces as Ikea, Patagonia, etc.
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F TOURISM AND SHARING OF EXPERIENCES AND
KNOWLEDGE
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Peertopeer (shortterm) home rental
Related concepts: persontoperson home rental, couchsurfing. Description: Peertopeer home rental is a system in which private individuals rent out accommodation for a short period of time, either to tourists or others visiting the locality. It can be either a spare room, a bed, or the entire home. Currently, p2p short term home rental have difficult framing in the existing city regulations (such as those related to zoning, tax collection, etc.) and have also been reported to generate increasing problematic trends such as gentrification and eviction. In the same time these systems offer growing opportunities of income generation to many people, with clear social benefits. Couchsurfing, where usually only a bed or couch is offered, is different as it is for free: in this case there are less negative effects. Benefits for citizen: Income generation or cost savings, social interaction and cultural exchange. Benefits for local administration: Local revenues from tourism, tourism revenues more distributed (people go to less touristy areas and spend part of the money locally), “long tail” of tourism with visitors exploring larger parts of the city. Example: One of the most famous examples of peertopeer home rental is Airbnb a global online platform where private citizen can advertise their rooms or houses to others. The money transaction happens online, i.e. the visitors pay directly to Airbnb, which in turn pays out the rental fee to the host, subtracting a 612% service fee. There are currently over 800,000 listings on the Airbnb website. To overcome the risk of, for example, local tax evasion, in some cities Airbnb has started to partner with local authorities to support local tax collection (see for example Portland, Oregon ). In other 2
cities, local authorities have decided to limit the numbers of nights people are allowed to rent out their homes for shortterm stays to avoid people renting apartments in the centre only for this purpose, without living there (Amsterdam).
2 http://www.oregonlive.com/frontporch/index.ssf/2014/07/airbnb_acting_as_portlands_lod.html
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Home Swapping
Related concepts: Home exchange Description: House swapping is a peertopeer system in which private individuals can connect and swap their homes for an agreed period of time, either for holidays or other purposes. It can be simultaneous and nonsimultaneous (for example exchange of holiday homes). In the UK, it has also been used as a mechanism for exchanging social housing (see below). Benefits for citizen: cost saving, cultural experiences, social interaction Benefits for local administration: local tourism revenues, social inclusion (poorer residents gain access to other locations). Example: In the UK, HomeSwapper is a mutual exchange service for social housing tenants who wish to swap residence. The service is provided by a limited company, Housing Partners, which has so far partnered with over 860 local councils and housing associations, making the service available to more than 3.5 million social tenants, with over 25,000 home swaps taking place each year.
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Social Eating
Related concepts home dinners, supper clubs Description: Social eating platforms connect communities, usually food lovers, who are either looking for a different dinner experience or passionate for cooking. The activities proposed can be a meal, combined local food shopping and meal or cooking classes. Benefits for citizen: social interaction, cultural experiences, income Benefits for public administration: local consumption, healthy lifestyles, domestic tourism Example: There are many different social eating platforms, some of which are more local and some more global in scope. Gnammo is one Italian version, whose stated mission is to let people have “new friends around the dinner table”. One crucial aspect of these platforms is to build community, and they are therefore usually accompanied by a blog where members can share stories and recipes. Gnammo also puts a lot of focus on offline events and partnerships with local food stakeholders. More global footprint players are Feastly and Eatwith.
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Peertopeer local guides
Related concepts: peertopeer guides Description: thanks to the internet accessing and sharing local knowledge is easy and many sites exist where local places (restaurants, bars, monuments, museums etc) are ranked and rated by peers. Tripadvisor is one famous example of an online peertopeer rating site, while Spotted by Locals provide insider tips from places around the world. Tips can also be given in person by residents offering visitors to experience the local culture together, often prior the payment of a small “tour fee”. These kind of services may generate frictions where the management of tourist groups is restricted to professional, certified guides. Benefits for Citizen: sharing knowledge and experience, income generation Benefits for local administration: territorial marketing, social inclusion, local tourism Example: the Spanish platform Trip4Real provides a wide range of tips and activities for people wanting to discover places in a new way. It currently has over 2000 events hosted by locals in Spanish cities, allowing people to connect, share local knowledge and perhaps make some extra money. In a similar way, Vayable allows locals to craft special touristic experiences that visitors can enjoy.
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G SHARED LIVING
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Housing Cooperatives
Related concepts: cohousing Description: Housing cooperative is a tested form of shared ownership of residential properties that has gained revived attention in the collaborative era. Typically, housing cooperatives consist of residents who are members of the cooperative and hence have ownership rights in the property. Usually cooperatives operate as nonprofit entities, i.e. the rental income is reinvested in maintenance and repair “at cost”. Benefits for Citizen: access to shared home ownership, influence, life satisfaction, sense of community, common facilities Benefits of Public Administration: social cohesion, urban safety, private social housing provision Example: In New York City, there are various institutions that support the development of housing cooperatives. One example is the Urban Homesteading Assistance Board (UHAB), created in 1974, has helped more than 16,000 low income residents to form housing cooperatives (Shareable, 2013 ). 3
North H is a french nonprofit, which aims to promote the cooperative living in Bordeaux. It brings together people who are sensitive to environmental, architectural, urban and social issues and and imagines a ecodistrict whose homes have been designed by the future residents. In Italy Ecopolis is providing citizens in Milan the possibility to access affordable cooperative housing in several neighborhoods of the city.
3 https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/39811237/Policies%20for%20Shareable%20Cities.pdf
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Coliving
Related concepts: communal living, cohousing, housing cooperative Description: the Coliving portal defines the coliving as “A shared housing designed to support a purposedriven life” or “A modern, urban lifestyle that values openness, sharing, and collaboration”. Coliving is a group of people deciding to live together in a housing arrangement and share common costs like rent as well as for example internet, washing machines and other living expenses and common resources and spaces. Usually the residents enter into an internal agreement of contribution in terms of time and money to the maintaining of the common areas and resources. Sometimes, coliving experience is related to other activities (e.g. a coworking space, a nonprofit project, etc.). Intergenerational coliving is another increasingly popular form of coliving, whereby younger generations live together with elderly, at the same time supporting them in their daily lives, usually in exchange for no or cheaper rent. Benefits Citizen: cost savings, social interaction, community, life satisfaction Benefits Public Administration: social cohesion, urban safety, saving urban space. Example: Casa Netural is a space in Matera which hosts a “rural” coworking space. It also offer people the possibility to spend longer period actually “living” in the place and sharing longer term experiences. The Embassy Network is a community, a set of resources and a software platform to connect modern shared living spaces. Embassy locations provide residence and accommodations for creatives, professionals and modern nomads traveling the globe for projects and collaborations with an approach that is “one rent, live anywhere”
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
H SHARED TIME, KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
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Open Online Learning
Related concepts: MOOCs (Massive Online Open Course) Description: Free online courses offered by academic institutions such as leading universities or organisations, aimed at increasing access to education among the global population. These courses provide for both online learning experiences and group homework which can be also performed live by meeting up. Benefits Citizens: lifelong learning, skills upgrading, life satisfaction Benefits Public Administration: social inclusion, increased human capital Example: Two of the most well known Mooc services are Coursera (forprofit) and Khan Academy (nonprofit).
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
Time Banks
Related concepts: Time currency Description: Time banks allow local residents to trade services in nonmonetary ways, exchanging skills and competences. Once a service is carried out, the peer offering the service receives credits in the time bank to invest in services needed by him or her. All activities in the time bank have equal value: time is the currency so there’s no big difference between different specialist activities. Sometimes time banks are related to currencies and hours can be spent as it were currencies. Benefits for Citizens: cost savings, exchange of knowledge and competences, sense of purpose (empowerment) Benefits for local administration: social inclusion of for example unemployed or elderly Example: Today, 26 countries have active Time Banks. There are 250 Time Banks active in the UK and over 276 Time Banks in the U.S. Recently, City of Messina partnered with global timebanking platform Time Republik in an effort to embed timebanking principles in citizen participation.
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
Peertopeer learning
Related concepts: Skills sharing Description: online or offline courses offered to peers by peers on any topic imaginable. The courses can be free or for a charge and the level of formality can vary from professional competences to language exchange sessions. Benefits for Citizens: new knowledge and skills Benefits for Public Administration: Social inclusion, human capital Example: Skillshare is one of the main online platform that connects learners with teachers around the world in online courses. The platform seeks to provide citizens with relevant skills for the 21st century and to reinvent education in a way accessible to a growing global population.
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
I OPEN GOVERNMENT
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Open Data
Related concepts: Description: Open data is often seen as a tool to enhance transparency and accountability of governments. It can also be a lever for innovation in public services, helping the development of for example applications for citizen engagement and let the local ecosystem to create more userfriendly services, by leveraging existing information. Open data strategies are typically sensible to the technicalities and it is therefore important to ensure that formats and mechanisms to access are in line with the expectations. Benefits for citizens: Influence on public policies, self design of solutions, business opportunities. Benefits for Local Administration: credibility, transparency, accountability, trust in public authorities, cooperation on critical services, improved efficiency Example: Over 5,000 developers have registered for London Transport open data, consisting of around 30 feeds and APIs focussed on enabling provision of highquality travel applications, tools and services. Developers have created hundreds of applications, reaching millions of active users. Important and appreciated is the work of the Italian Openpolis. We can mention the OpenCoesione project, a portal about the realization of projects financed by Italian politics for cohesion. Data about assigned resources, programmers and makers, lead time, funds for specific projects can be browsed on it. In this way everyone can evaluate how resources are spent regarding the local needs.
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Citizen Participation in governance and budgeting
Related concepts: citizen engagement, horizontal governance Description: Citizen participation can take many forms, from an open meeting in the local council to deeper engagement in for example deliberative democracy processes. Ideally it should bring citizens closer to the decisionmaking process that governs their local area. Citizen might be consulted when defining the strategy and objectives and a relevant part of the decisions making process – especially that which directly relates on them should be left to citizen communities. In some cases this may relate on how to spend public money budget, in other cases citizen participation may be related to managing the local commons and potentially gaining things such as tax credits or alternative local currency to spend. Benefits for Citizens: empowerment, democratic rights, trust, building more meaningful and impacting policies. Benefits for Public Administration: empowerment, democracy, trust, doing more with less. Example: Participatory budgeting is currently happening in Paris and will made available 20M€ to the process this year (€426m 5% of the city hall investment budget will be participatively steered by the year 2020). Territoires Hautement Citoyens and Parlement et Citoyen led by Démocratie Ouverte allow people in France to directly interact with and influence policy makers. The city of Bologna recently released a regulatory framework to involve actively citizens on governing city commons.
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L COLLABORATIVE FINANCE
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Crowdfunding
Related concepts: Crowd equity Description: Crowdfunding is a financing opportunity developed through dedicated online platforms, where private individuals or organizations can raise small amounts of money from a large number of people, hence providing access to capital for those who might not otherwise be granted with loans or investment funding. To raise money, the project typically launches a campaign with a fixed target (the duration and minimum/maximum target vary between different sites). If the target is reached, the project owner receives the money from the mediating crowdfunding site, which normally takes a small % commission. In some cases, campaigns can ask “flexible funding” meaning that even if the objective is not reached, the amount collected is given to the campaign creator. The campaign can be equitybased or rewardsbased, the first of which provides a small stake in the company and the second promising a reward for various contribution levels (e.g. a copy of a book, gadgets etc.). The application of crowdfunding has spread to include local development and nonprofit projects, in something called civic crowdfunding when relates to raising money for civic purpose. Sometimes, local authorities may step in to partner with crowdfunding sites to sponsor such projects with a special public interest (see example) and – for example – providing integrative funding if the project reaches a given amount raised. This would allow the public administration to verify the public interest in projects before devoting funding. Benefits for Citizens: access to capital, entrepreneurship, life satisfaction, creativity nurturing. Benefits for Local Administration: possibility to partfund local development projects, innovation funding from other sources, verification of social interest for investments. Example: In Bologna a recent crowdfunding campaign, Un passo per San Luca, raised over € 300,000 for the protection of the porticos.
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
Peertopeer lending
Related concepts: micro credit Description: Peertopeer lending is a system of lending and borrowing money between peers, hence bypassing traditional financial institutions like banks. Usually the loan happens to a private individual rather than company. Lenders choose which borrowers to lend to and thus mitigate the individual risk that borrowers will not pay back in this way and total risk by diversifying their investments among different borrowers. Benefits for Citizens: access to capital, business opportunities, life satisfaction, social inclusion. Benefits for Local Administrations: local economic development. Example: Lending Club, the biggest P2P Lending platform in the world, currently funded more than 4 Billion dollars in P2P lends.
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
Local Complementary Currencies
Related concepts: community currency, crypto currency, local currency, complementary currency, transition currency Description: Alternative local currencies are typically intended to be traded in a local area, favoring the local economy. Local currencies help communities to utilize its existing productive resources by boosting the local purchasing capacity and increasing demand for local goods and services. These currencies must be issued with care, reflecting real value infused in the local economy. For example, a local currency might be issued to merchants which agree to accept payments in the same currency, to citizen working on local commons, etc. On the other hand, a local currency can be accepted by the local public administration as payment for local taxes. Local currencies might also be directly issued by the local public administration and distributed to civic workers to support merchants accepting it. Benefits for Citizens: sense of community, social interaction, money savings Benefits for Local Administration: local economic development, local income opportunities, territorial branding, local economy growth, CO2 reduction, waste reduction Example: The Bristol Pound – is the biggest complementary currency in the UK: created in Bristol, this is getting so important that Bristol mayor now receives his 51.000£ stipend entirely in Bristol Pounds.
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
APPENDIX 1 The Workshop
NOTE: We originally designed this workshop for the presentation of the Collaborative Territories Toolkit in Bologna (October, 23rd 2014). This workshop has been designed for an unrestricted audience interested in the development of the role of public administrations in fostering development and innovation. During the workshop, through the active involvement of citizens, independent groups investigated how public administration can harness the power of existing collaborative scenarios to achieve specific objectives on local, regional or national context. This workshop was originally designed to collect feedbacks from relevant stakeholders to ensure that the Collaborative Territories Toolkit is designed with them and for them, to be useful and simple to use. These are the two key questions we tried to answer at the workshop:
WHAT ARE THE KEY ASPECTS OF TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT PEOPLE CARE ABOUT (mapped with stakeholder type, area of interest)?
MAPPING CHALLENGES WITH SCENARIOS USING BADGES: DOES IT
WORK? Workshop Session breakdown This workshop format is designed to introduce general audiences to the Collaborative Development Toolkit and – despite it could be used as a first step of adoption – it’s not entirely designed to be part of a “real” adoption process.
Session Duration Notes
Initial presentation of the Sharitories
30 minutes Introductory presentation : 4
Storytelling A bit more information about the
4 Available in Italian
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
CTT project Collaborative Economy The Sharitories Project
We select N 5
group leaders 10 minutes Identify group leaders: you would achieve best
results if local civil servants or public decision makers are present at the workshop and can lead tables.
Attribute “focus” on each table
15 minutes Each table will negotiate a macro area of interest in for the public development of one given territory. Context may vary: ideally, this would be dictated by the focus itself of the related office.
Identify the main Local Development challenges related to the “focus” that we choose
20 minutes For its given focus, each table will identify four to six challenges. Challenges may include obstacles to overcome (e.g. we’ve a scarce budget), opportunities to bring (e.g. attract private investments), general objectives (e.g. reduce emissions and waste).
Getting to know the Collaborative Scenarios
10/15 minutes Choose the expert: Ten colored “Expert” badges are available to the group. Each person should become the “expert” for 1 (big) or more (better if smaller) collaborative themes (e.g. AShared mobility). It’s obviously great if someone already IS expert in any given field. In that case she shall wear the related expert tag. They should have at least 10/15 minutes to look at descriptions, understand the scenarios. Ideally a bit more.
Cocreation 25 minutes CoCreation on the Board: The group designs a board made of several lines/rows, each row is dedicated to one challenge.
5 N= number of tables
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Either in turn or all together participants will put the relevant scenario badges where they think the related challenge can be faced with the help of the adoption of that specific collaborative scenario. Participants should then have time to explain the whys behind their choices. We suggest people to place the badges all together and then do explanations in the circle. See figure.
Identify the top Three Collaborative Scenarios
15 minutes The group shall identify the top Three Collaborative Scenarios which may be the priority for plans development.
Wrap Up 20 minutes For each priority, the group should identify three main blocking factors that should be faced to facilitate the relevant experimentation in the selected scenario.
Essential Workshop Materials: Pens / Stencils (ca 5 for each table) Markers (1 for each table) Large withe paper sheets to create the Boards (1 for each table) Postits
To be printed:
Collaborative Scenario Badges: it’s recommended to have at least 4 full badge sheets (already cut)
One copy of the Collaborative Scenarios Description Booklet for each table (we suggest to fasciculate it to let people separate each group (eg: AShared Mobility Scenarios)
One copy of the “expert badges” for each table (we suggest this to be plastic coated)
NOVEMBER 2014 ALPHA RELEASE COLLABORATIVE TERRITORIES TOOLKIT www.sharitories.net / www.ouishare.net
Figures and explicatory pictures
How to create and use a strategymaking board: each row is for a challenge, people then use badges to point
out positive synergies between the adoption of a scenario and a particular challenge.
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A picture from a collaborative strategymaking board
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CREDITS Person designed by Jens Tärning from the thenounproject.com Bicycler designed by Brad Cain from the thenounproject.com Coworking designed by Marco Svara from the thenounproject.com Citizen Empowerment Through Open Data designed by Martín Álvarez Espinar from the thenounproject.com Hand designed by Stephen Borengasser from the thenounproject.com Farmer designed by Luis Prado from the thenounproject.com Group designed by Parmelyn from the thenounproject.com Basket designed by Oli Milne from the thenounproject.com 3dPrinter designed by Gonzalo Zaragoza from the thenounproject.com Refresh designed by Naomi Atkinson from the thenounproject.com Gift designed by Stefan Parnarov from the thenounproject.com Tools designed by Dmitry Baranovskiy from the thenounproject.com Clothes designed by Daniel Hanly from the thenounproject.com Crowdfunding designed by Leonardo Dri from the thenounproject.com Money Transfer designed by Cryssac Franson Aldo.E from the thenounproject.com Bank designed by iconsmind.com from the thenounproject.com Family designed by Yi Chen from the thenounproject.com Scooter designed by Wilson Joseph from the thenounproject.com Home Exchange designed by Arthur Shlain from the thenounproject.com Nature Enthusiast designed by Allyson Czechowicz from the thenounproject.com Dinner designed by Kristin McPeak from the thenounproject.com Hands designed by Marco Galtarossa from the thenounproject.com
