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www.TransformingTransportation.org
Implementing Transit Oriented Development
in India
O.P. Agarwal, Executive Director, Indian School of Business
Presented at Transforming Transportation 2017
2
Implementing
Transit Oriented
Development in
India
By
O.P. Agarwal
Executive Director
Indian School of Business
Several Mass Transit Projects
City Length of
Metro line (km)
City Length of Metro
line (km)
Delhi 325 Lucknow 29
Mumbai 44 Jaipur 12
Bangalore 115 Chennai 80
Hyderabad 71 Gurgaon 12
Kochi 27 Ahmedabad 35
Pune 31 Nagpur 38
3
Approx 810 kms already approved – more under consideration
Nearly 800 station areas to be developed and more to come
Features of the Indian situation• Proposals for metro rail often made to secure political mileage
or an enhanced image for the city
• Supporting activities not thought through – TOD not
embedded in the initial plans
• Covering already well built up areas – chasing development,
not leading development
• Densities already high - TOD not considered necessary
• Inadequate attention to mixed used planning
• Problem of poor walking environment
• Institutional fragmentation
• Predominantly city-wide FAR regulations – need for greater
granularity
• Inadequate utility capacity – who will pay for enhancement
• Metro already very crowded – no space for more
5
Indian cities are inherently dense
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
Persons per Sq. km
6
So, do we really need higher density?
What is needed
• A vision for the city
• Comprehensive land use and mobility plan
• Mass transit proposals must include a TOD plan - along with a monitoring mechanism
• Studies to determine ideal density levels for different types of mass transit systems and income levels
• Need for a nationally relevant TOD policy encompassing: – Institutional arrangement for TOD – who will implement TOD –
clear responsibility to be assigned
– Financing arrangement, especially for utility capacity enhancement
– Leveraging opportunity for land value capture
– Role of the private sector
– Enabling provisions in the development regulations for (1) granular FARs, and (2) mixed use planning
• Area based components of Smart Cities plans offer a great opportunity