Asraf HossainCourse: environmental science & business Management

Our presentation topic :MALAYSIA

THE MILLENNIUMDEVELOPMENT GOALS(MDG)

 

 

 

Malaysia boasts one of south-east Asia's most vibrant economies, the fruit of decades of industrial growth and political stability.Federation of Malaysia Capital: Kuala Lumpur Population 29.3 million (UN, 2012) Area 329,847 sq km (127,355 sq miles) Currency (Ringgit)

Country profile

MDG 1Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

By the early years of the new millennium (2002), just 5.1 per cent of households were poor. With this track record, Malaysia can be classified as a success story in attacking absolute poverty, enabling it to reach the MDG target of halving poverty well before 2015.

Poverty incidence by ethnicity, 1989 and2009 (%)

ChallengesSustaining economic growth Potential of ICT for poverty eradication Improving poverty data Improving poverty measures

MDG 2Achieve Universal Primary Education

By 1990, universal primary education was almost achieved, when the net enrolment ratio rose to 94 percent, less than 100 per cent enrolment is partly attributable to an increase in the number of children of primary school age attending private schools––the published figures exclude private sector enrolments.

Participation rates at primary level, 2000–2009 (%)

Challenges Access to basic education Curriculum relevance Teachers ’development Role of the private sector

MDG 3 Promote gender equality and empower women In general terms, the evolution of female employment has followed the structural changes in the Malaysian economy. As the economy has shifted from its reliance on agriculture to a greater emphasis on industry and services. Since 1990, there has been a particularly rapid increase in the share of female employment in the wholesale and retail trade, hotels, and restaurants sector and the financial services sector.

Public service staff by position andgender, 2000–2008 (%)

challengesProfessional skill sandaccess to credit

Protection against violence

Leadership role for women

MDG 4 Reduce Child MortalityMalaysia’s infant and child mortality rates have declined dramatically over the past three and a half decades since 1970––even in that year, levels were much lower than those currently prevailing in most of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The improvement of child health and the reduction of child mortality have been national development goals ever since the First Malaysia Plan, and the policy vision of good health has been supported by a range of programmatic interventions

Sustaining reductionsin child mortalityImproving the quality of careImproving child mortality statisticsFinancial resources and health care costs

Challenges

Top five causes of under-five deaths in government hopitals,2004–2008 (%)

MDG 5Improve Maternal health

Malaysia has experienced dramatic improvements in health in general and maternal and child health in particular, throughout the post-Independence era. Well before the Safe Motherhood Initiative, the reported maternal mortality ratio (MMR) had halved between 1957 and 1970, when it fell from around 280 to 141 per 100,000 live births. By 1990 it was below 20 per 100,000 live births––a level close to that of most advanced countries. Subsequently, the MMR has remained around this low level, such that maternal deaths have become relatively rare events: less than two in every 10,000 deliveries. Maternal Mortality Ratios, Malaysia(1950 – 2010)

ChallengesTarget groupsImplications of delivery trendsImproving maternal health indicators

MDG 6Combat HIV/AIDS,Malaria, and Other Diseases

Malaysia has achieved considerable success in controlling many infectious diseases over time. A shift in disease pattern from a preponderance of communicable to non-communicable diseases tends to occur as a nation progresses from a developing to developed status. Markedly increased in relative proportion, rising from 24 per cent of all medically certified and inspected deaths in 1970 to around 40 per cent in 2000. HIV/AIDS, Malaysia, 1986 to 2010 

 

ChallengesIncreasing targets for treatment coverageMaking support to civil society more effectiveMaintaining and scaling up harm-reduction programes for injecting drug usersProcuring new malaria drugsImplementing the strategies of the Malaria Elimination Program.

MDG 7Ensure Environmental sustainability

Total forested area, 1990–2010

Carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion, selected countries, 2000–2006

(metric tones of CO2)

ChallengesEnsuring sustainable management of forests and natural heritageGenerating funds for conservationStrengthening awareness and participationReducing water and air pollution

MDG 8 Develop a global partnership for developmentMalaysia is in transition from being a recipient of Official Development Assistance (ODA) to becoming an international development partner Malaysia has an open economy with the value of trade exceeding its national output in recent years. The openness of its economy is reflected in trade and investment flows to the country and its financial system.

FDI in ASEAN by Host Country (% share of total ASEAN)

ChallengesDeveloping a strategic approach to officialDevelopment assistanceGlobal compactsMonitoring and evaluation.