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APEX GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

Presentation on

SURATGARH SUPER THERMAL POWER STATION

Electrical Department 7th sem

Submitted to:- Submitted by:- Mr.Rohit Soni (H.O.D) Rajesh Nayak

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Basic introduction At present 54.09% MW of total electricity

production in India is from Coal Based Thermal Power Station.

A coal based thermal power plant converts the chemical energy of the coal into electrical energy.

This is achieved by raising the steam in the boilers, expanding it through the turbine and coupling the turbines to the generators which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

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Working principleCoal based thermal power plant works on the principal of Modified Rankine Cycle.The Rankine cycle is a model that is used to predict the performance of steam engines. The Rankine cycle is an idealised thermodynamic cycle of a heat engine that converts heat into mechanical work.

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Components of coal fired power plantCoal handling plantEconomiserAir Pre heaterRe heaterSteam turbinesCondenserBoiler Cooling towerAsh handling Generator

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Coal handling plant  Fuel preparation system: In coal-fired power stations, the raw feed coal from the coal storage area is first crushed into small pieces and then conveyed to the coal feed hoppers at the boilers.

Dryers:  they are used in order to remove the excess moisture from coal mainly wetted during transport.

Magnetic separators: coal which is brought may contain iron particles. The iron particles may include bolts, nuts wire fish plates etc. so these are unwanted and so are removed with the help of  magnetic separators.Metal detector :These are detect the presence of any ferrous and non-ferrous metal in the coal and sends a signal to a relay which closes to seize the movement of belt until the metal is removed. It basically consists of a transmitter and a receiver

Overview of coal handling plant Raw coal from bharat coal ltd.

Dhanbad & bilaspur(MP)

To SSTPS from gudla via a

single railway track

Wagon tippler

hoppersCrusher house

bunkers

Raw coal feeders

Coal mills(pulverizatio

n)

Boiler furnace ( tangential firing of pulverized coal)

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Boiler Boiler is a combustion chamber where water is heated at such a temperature to achieve high pressure steam .

boiler is of two types:- 1) fire tube boiler

2) water tube boiler

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Economiser: Flue gases coming out of the boiler carry lot of heat.

An economizer extracts a part of this heat from flue gases and uses it for heating feed water. This use of economizer results in saving coal consumption and higher boiler efficiency

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Air pre-heater and re-heaterAir Pre-heater: The heat carried out with the flue

gases coming out of economiser are further utilized for preheating the air before supplying to the combustion chamber. It is a necessary equipment for supply of hot air for drying the coal in pulverized fuel systems to facilitate grinding and satisfactory combustion of fuel in the furnace

 Re-heater: Power plant furnaces may have a re-heater section containing tubes heated by hot flue gases outside the tubes. Exhaust steam from the high pressure turbine is rerouted to go inside the re-heater tubes to pickup more energy to go drive intermediate or lower pressure turbines.

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Steam turbines A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy

from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft . Because the turbine generates rotary motion, it is particularly suited to be used to drive an electrical generator.

HPT IPT LPT

RH

Steam

Steam

Shaft

Super Heater

Condenser

GeneratorHPT IPT LPT

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Generator Generator or Alternator is the electrical end of a

turbo-generator set. It is generally known as the piece of equipment that converts the mechanical energy of turbine into electricity. The generation of electricity is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Generally three phase synchronous generator is used

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Condensercondenser is used to condensate the steam coming from the LP turbine. In this stage water is cooled down and transferred back to the boiler drum.

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Plant overview

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Ash handling system The disposal of ash from a large capacity power station is

of same importance as ash is produced in large quantities. Ash handling is a major problem.

i) Manual handling: While barrows are used for this. The ash is collected directly through the ash outlet door from the boiler into the container from manually.

ii) Mechanical handling: Mechanical equipment is used for ash disposal, mainly bucket elevator, belt conveyer. Ash generated is 20% in the form of bottom ash and next 80% through flue gases, so called Fly ash and collected in ESP.

  iii) Electrostatic precipitator: The dust particles are ionized

and attracted by charged electrodes. The electrodes are maintained at 60KV.Hammering is done to the plates so that fly ash comes down and collect at the bottom.

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Thermal power plants in india

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Advantages of coal based thermal Power PlantThey can respond to rapidly changing loads without difficulty

A portion of the steam generated can be used as a process steam in different industries

Steam engines and turbines can work under 25 % of overload continuously

Fuel used is cheaperCheaper in production cost in comparison

with that of diesel power stations

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Disadvantages of coal based thermal Power PlantMaintenance and operating costs are highLong time required for erection and putting

into  actionA large quantity of water is requiredGreat difficulty experienced in coal handlingPresence of troubles due to smoke and heat in

the plantUnavailability of good quality coalMaximum of  heat  energy lostProblem of ash removing

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Thanking you

For giving your time and attention.

Have a nice and prosperous day