Microcontrollers Faculty of Electronic Engineering , Menofia University By / Eng : Ibrahim Reda Ibrahim 1 Electronics Engineer at Electro Hydraulic Automation
2. Introduction to microcontrollers. What are the
Microcontrollers ? What are they used for? Microcontrollers VS
Microprocessors. How to choose your Microcontroller ? Types of
Microcontrollers. 23 July 2015 2
4. Different Applications using Microcontroller Serial
Communication . Analog to Digital Converter . Pulse Width
Modulation. LCD ( Liquid Crystal Display). 7- Segment. 23 July 2015
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5. Basic Concepts. What are the Microcontrollers ?
Microcontrollers VS Microprocessors. What are they used for? Memory
Types. Types of Microcontrollers. How to choose your
Microcontroller ? 23 July 2015 5
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12. Basic Concepts. What are the Microcontrollers ?
Microcontrollers VS Microprocessors. What are they used for? Memory
Types. How to choose your Microcontroller ? Types of
Microcontrollers. Specifications of microcontroller. 23 July 2015
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13. What are the Microcontrollers ? 23 July 2015 13
14. ALU C.U MARMBR IR PC Data line Add line ADC Ethernet USB
INT Serial INT Memory This is the microcontroller 23 July 2015
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15. A micro-controller (also MCU or C) is a functional computer
system- on-a chip. It contains a processor core, memory and
programmable input/output peripherals. Micro suggests that the
device is small and controller tells you that the device might be
used to control objects, processes or events. Another term to
describe a microcontroller is embedded controller because the
microcontroller and its support circuits are often built into or
embedded in the devices they control. So What is The C ?? 23 July
2015 15
16. Basic block diagram of a microcontroller 23 July 2015
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17. Basic Concepts. What are the Microcontrollers ?
Microcontrollers VS Microprocessors. What are they used for? Memory
Types. How to choose your Microcontroller ? Types of
Microcontrollers. Specifications of microcontroller. 23 July 2015
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18. Microcontrollers VS Microprocessors 23 July 2015 18
19. Microprocessor: is an integrated circuit that performs the
central processing and internal functions of a computer. So, from
the previous definition the P is considered a CPU, it has only
three repeated functions: Fetch>>> Decode>>>
Execute if we decide to use a P in our design, we should use many
supporting elements such as main memory, program memory and I/O
controller.23 July 2015 19
20. Microcontroller It is a single integrated circuit that is
designed to function as an embedded system contains (a CPU, RAM,
ROM, I/O ports and timers). A microcontroller is a
computer-on-a-chip, or a single-chip computer. 23 July 2015 20
21. Basic Concepts. What are the Microcontrollers ?
Microcontrollers VS Microprocessors. What are they used for? Memory
Types. How to choose your Microcontroller ? Types of
Microcontrollers. Specifications of microcontroller. 23 July 2015
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22. What are They used For? 23 July 2015 22
23. Microcontrollers can independently or via input/output
devices (switches, push buttons, sensors, LCD displays, relays
etc.), --> control various processes and devices such as
industrial automation, electric current, temperature, engine
performance etc. 23 July 2015 23
24. Independently Via input/output 23 July 2015 24
25. Basic Concepts. What are the Microcontrollers ?
Microcontrollers VS Microprocessors. What are they used for? Memory
Types. How to choose your Microcontroller ? Types of
Microcontrollers. Specifications of microcontroller. 23 July 2015
25
26. Memory Types 23 July 2015 26
27. Memory is a group of registers serves two major purposes :
Storing the binary codes (program code). Storing binary data that
the computer needs to execute instructions (data). RAM (Random
Acess Memory ) PROM(Programmable Read Only Memory) EPROM (Erasable
Programmable Read Only Memory) EEPROM(Electrically Erasable
Programmable Read Only Memory) Flash memory ROM (Read Only Memory)
23 July 2015 27
28. RAM (Random Access memory) It is a general purpose memory
that usually stores the user data in a program. RAM memory is
volatile means that data is lost after the power is turned off.
usually holds program code or fixed user data. ROM is nonvolatile.
If power is removed from ROM and then reapplied, the original data
will still be there. ROM memory is programmed during the
manufacturing process, and the user cannot change its contents.
ROM(Read only memory) 23 July 2015 28
29. PROM(Programmable read only memory) is a type of ROM that
can be Programmed by the user, using a device called a PROM
programmer. Once a PROM has been programmed, its contents cannot be
changed. EPROM(Erasable programmable read only memory can be
programmed using a suitable programming device. An EPROM memory has
a small clear-glass window on top of the chip where the data can be
erased under strong ultraviolet light. 23 July 2015 29
30. memory that can be erased and reprogrammed using a suitable
programming device. programmed and erased directly by applications
software. EEPROM memories are usually very slow EEPROM(Electrically
erasable programmable read only) Flash EEPROM is a version of
EEPROM memory, has become popular in microcontroller applications
and is used to store the program code . Flash EEPROM is nonvolatile
and usually very fast. the data can be erased and then reprogrammed
using a suitable programming device. Flash Memory 23 July 2015
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31. Basic Concepts. What are the Microcontrollers ?
Microcontrollers VS Microprocessors. What are they used for? Memory
Types. Types of Microcontrollers. How to choose your
Microcontroller ? Specifications of microcontroller. 23 July 2015
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32. Types of Microcontrollers 23 July 2015 32
33. Intel Motorola Hitachi Microchip (PIC Microcontrollers)
ATMEL (AVR) Toshiba Zilog Texas Instruments National PIC 16F877A 23
July 2015 33
34. Why PIC ?? Two main programming techniques:- 1- CISC
(Complex Instruction Set computer) o Large number of long
instructions with many specifications. o Lead to shorter program. o
Lead to systems Complexity. Examples : Microprocessors (Intel) ,
Motorola 68000 family 2- RISC:- (Reduced Instruction Set computer)
o Limited number of short instruction. o Make longer program. o
Easy to review. Examples : Apple iPods , Some Nokia and Sony
Ericsson mobile phones. 23 July 2015 34
35. Two memory organization technologies :- 1- Neumann
technology:- One memory construction RAM and ROM are in the same
memory unit 2- HARVARD technology :- Separated RAM and ROM 23 July
2015 35
36. PIC is designed in HARVARD technology and uses RISC
technique. RAM and ROM have different busses to avoid interaction
between Rom contents and RAM variables. PIC programs are long
programs but easy to review and find errors. PIC could be
programmed in assembly language and basic language besides many
other languages . Many programs are developed to facilitate PIC
programming under each assembly and basic languages. Many circuits
in different communication methods with computer are available to
burn programs to PIC. 23 July 2015 36
37. One of the advantages found in PIC that its memory EEPROM
could be burned and erased up till 100000 times without memory
damaging effects Motorola could be erased only with ultra-violet
ray. Because of the popular use of pic, many facilities and
applications are available online with different methods. Good
communication features between pic and other smart devices. 23 July
2015 37
38. Basic Concepts. What are the Microcontrollers ?
Microcontrollers VS Microprocessors. What are they used for? Memory
Types. Types of Microcontrollers. How to choose your
Microcontroller ? 23 July 2015 38
39. How to choose your Microcontroller ? 23 July 2015 39
40. No of I/O ports. Peripherals. Data Memory. Power
Consumption / sleep modes. Number of instructions that can support.
cost . 23 July 2015 40