CIVIL WARChapter 11

Objective: Objective: – Students will be able to summarize the Students will be able to summarize the

advantages of North (Union) and South advantages of North (Union) and South (Confederate) as well as summarize the (Confederate) as well as summarize the significance of major battles during Civil War significance of major battles during Civil War using Graphic Organizer. using Graphic Organizer.

US PresidentsUS Presidents

1.1. George WashingtonGeorge Washington

2.2. John AdamsJohn Adams

3.3. Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

4.4. James MadisonJames Madison

5.5. James MonroeJames Monroe

6. John Quincy Adams6. John Quincy Adams

7. Andrew Jackson7. Andrew Jackson

8. Martin Van Buren8. Martin Van Buren

9. William Henry Harrison9. William Henry Harrison

10. John Tyler10. John Tyler

11. James K. Polk 11. James K. Polk

Zachary TaylorZachary Taylor

12th President

Millard FillmoreMillard Fillmore

• 13th President

Franklin Franklin PiercePierce1414thth President President

James BuchananJames Buchanan

1515thth President President

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

1616thth President President

War with MexicoWar with Mexico

Acquisition of CaliforniaAcquisition of California

• California became a Free state

• North must enforce the Fugitive Slave Law• • Stephen Douglas

• Proposed popular sovereignty- let the people in the territory decide by voting

•Henry ClayHenry Clay

Compromise of 1850

Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman

Underground Railroad

Network of people that helped slaves escape from south

Secret routes and safe houses were created

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Harriet Beecher Stowe Wrote the book: Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

This will repeal Missouri Compromise

Allowing slavery everywhere

“Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”

Popular Sovereignty

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

Slave who lived Slave who lived in Missouri (slave in Missouri (slave state)state)

Decision: Decision: Slaves are not citizens Slaves are not citizens They are property. They are property. – Court ruled that Court ruled that

Congress can not Congress can not outlaw slavery.outlaw slavery.

– Slaves are allowed Slaves are allowed everywhereeverywhere

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858

Stephen Douglas Abraham Lincoln

Issue: SlaveryIssue: Slavery

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown led a slave revolt to strike fear at the heart of the south

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

1616thth President President

SecessionSecession- the act of - the act of withdrawing from a unionwithdrawing from a union

South South Carolina Carolina was the was the first to first to secedesecede

Other Other southern southern states states followedfollowed

Chapter 11

CIVIL WARChapter 11

AGENDAAGENDAMission Statement: Mission Statement:

The mission of John F. Kennedy High School is to The mission of John F. Kennedy High School is to develop our island students to become globally develop our island students to become globally prime high achieverprime high achiever

ESLRESLR

Responsible citizen Responsible citizen

Problem SolverProblem Solver

Effective CommunicatorEffective Communicator

Technologically LiterateTechnologically Literate

Lincoln’s ChoicesLincoln’s Choices

He wanted to prevent He wanted to prevent war.war.

““No state can lawfully No state can lawfully get out of the Union”get out of the Union”

““We are not enemies, We are not enemies, but friends.”but friends.”

::“A House divided against itself cannot stand” -- A. Lincoln

Jefferson Davies:

“All we ask is to be left alone” -- J. Davies

Urgent!Urgent!

THE VERY NEXT DAYTHE VERY NEXT DAYAn important message came from Major An important message came from Major Robert Anderson commander at Fort Sumter, Robert Anderson commander at Fort Sumter, South Carolina South Carolina

Supplies at the Fort are almost gone. If new supplies are not sent soon, we will be forced to surrender the fort to the Confederacy.

What to Do???What to Do???

If I send troops…Southerners might attackIf I send troops…Southerners might attack

If I send troops and If I send troops and ammunitions….Southerners WILL attack.ammunitions….Southerners WILL attack.

If I do nothing…the commander will have If I do nothing…the commander will have to surrender.to surrender.

DecisionDecision

Lincoln decided to send supplies ONLY!Lincoln decided to send supplies ONLY!

And see what the Southerners would doAnd see what the Southerners would do

Confederate President DavisConfederate President Davis

Davis decided to take over the fort Davis decided to take over the fort BEFORE the supply ships arrived.BEFORE the supply ships arrived.

Demanded them to surrender.Demanded them to surrender.NEVER!!!!

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861The Confederate troops FIRED on the fort

Major Anderson and his men ran out of ammunition and had to give up.

The Confederate States (South)The Confederate States (South)

The Union (North)The Union (North)

The Border States (part of Union)The Border States (part of Union)

Advantages and Disadvantages:

North 22 million population

More people 100,000 Factories

More factories 70,000 miles of Railroad

More railroad

Strong navy Fighting to preserve

the Union

South 9 million population9 million population

Open vast land 20,000 factories20,000 factories 9,000 miles of Railroad9,000 miles of Railroad

Defending homeland better trained soldiers

leaders No navy Fighting to preserve way

of life (slavery)

Rating the North & the South

Railroad Lines, 1860Railroad Lines, 1860

SouthSouth• Defend existing Defend existing

territoryterritory• Hold out long Hold out long

enough to tire enough to tire North North

Strategic Plan:

NorthNorthAnaconda PlanAnaconda Plan• Divide- control

Mississippi• Open for invasion-

Tennessee• Surround with naval

attack• Capture Richmond

Gen. Robert E. Lee (South)Gen. Robert E. Lee (South)

It is a good thing war is so terrible; else we

should grow too fond of it”

A Northern View of Jeff Davis

Battle of Bull Run,1861Battle of Bull Run,1861• First battle• Union marched to

Virginia• Thomas Stonewall

Jackson (C)blocked the advance

• inexperienced North retreated

• streets clogged with spectators

• Jackson (C) infantry charge caused Union troops to stampede.

• `

Ulysses S. Grant (North)Ulysses S. Grant (North)

– Believed in action not in making plans

– Flexible-sudden changes in battle plan

“Find out where your enemy is and get them as soon as you can”

– Tennessee: – took Fort Henry– Fort Donelson – took Shiloh

– Strategy lesson learned:Need of scout, trenches, fortifications

“When in doubt, fight”

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam

Lee plan to move war to North

Lee –plan of surprise attack-secret messageConfederate soldier lost message hidden on a cigars

Union found message

Bloodiest Battle

A single day of fighting left 23,000 dead.

It freed the It freed the slaves only in slaves only in states that have states that have seceded from the seceded from the Union.Union.

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

Battle of ChancellorsvilleBattle of Chancellorsville

Lee sent Stonewall Jackson in a surprise attack, nearly destroying the Union army on the first day.

This was General Lee’s greatest victory, defeating a force twice its size.

Lee determined to invade the North again, hoping a victory there would end the war.

The Battle of FredericksburgThe Battle of FredericksburgLee- took victory

– Jackson was shot accidentally by one of his soldiers caught pneumonia and died