- 1. DC015 Session 2012/2013 Topic 11.1 Development ofInformation
Technology DC015Present by :Amrizah Ahmad Basra Unit Teknologi
Maklumat,Jabatan Matematik, [email protected]
2. Define Information Technology. Briefly describe the
development ofInformation Technology.2 3. Information Technology
(IT) is defined as the use of computerhardware and software to
store, retrieve, and manipulateinformation.
http://www.mariosalexandrou.com/definition.asp
http://ccs.mit.edu/21c/iokey.htmlcomputer hardware store, retrieve
& information and softwaremanipulate3 4. Information Technology
(IT), as defined by the InformationTechnology Association of
America (ITAA), is the study,design, development, implementation,
support ormanagement of computer-based information systems. 4 5.
The development of IT from stand-alone computer,mainframe,
client-server, distributed computing andthe latest trend which is
the cloud computing.5 6. A personal computer that can perform all
of its input,processing, output, and storage activities by itself.
or A personal computer that is not connected to any othercomputer
or network, except possibly through a modem. 6 7. Contains a
processor, memory, one or more input, output,and storage devices.
Also often contain a communicationdevice. Two types of personal
computers are desktop computers andnotebook computers.7 8. A
mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer thatcan handle
hundreds or thousands of connected userssimultaneously
(multi-user).8 9. Mainframe computers are typically: Powerful: They
can process vast amounts of data, very quickly, or in otherwords
They are capable of great processing speed & data storage.
Example: Insurance company uses mainframes to processinformation
about millions of policyholders. Large: Able to store tremendous
amounts of data, instructions & information. Physically, they
are often kept in special, air-conditioned rooms; used by large
businesses, government offices, or universities. 9 10. Mainframe
computers are typically: Multi-user: They allow several users
(sometimes hundreds) to use thecomputer at the same time, connected
via remoteterminals (screens and keyboards), therefore a
high-performance computer used for large-scale computingpurposes.
10 11. Example: If you used an automated teller machine (ATM) to
interactwith your bank account, you used a mainframe.11 12.
Computers connected together to create a network which fallinto two
categories: clients (workstations) and servers. The ClientThe
ServerComputer on a network that requests Computer that controls
access to theresources from the server. Also called hardware,
software, and othera workstation. resources on a network, and
provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and
information.Note: Server can be a mainframecomputer used in a
networkenvironment.12 13. Servers are special, powerful computers
that provide servicesto the client computers on the network. These
services might include: Providing a central, common file storage
area Sharing hardware such as printers Controlling who can or cant
have access the network Sharing Internet connections13 14.
Client-server network:Network in which one or morecomputers act as
a server, andthe other computers (clients)on the network
requestservices from the server. 14 15. An architecture in which
the users PC (the client) is therequesting machine, and the server
is the supplying machine,both of which are connected via a local
area network (LAN) ora wide area network (WAN) such as the
Internet.15 16. 1. Request sent for: Client: http://www.yahoo.com
Server:Your computer withWith addressa Web browser
suchhttp://www.yahoo.comas Google Chrome 2. Web document sent back
to client by server 3. This is what displayed through your Web
browser 16 17. Distributed computing is a distributed system
consists ofmultiple autonomous (independent) computers
thatcommunicate through a computer network. The purpose of the
distributed system is to coordinate the useof shared resources or
provide communication services to allusers. It is used to solve
complicated tasks by dividing them into subtasks that can run by
the collection of computers havingnetwork. Therefore, it is a type
of system that divides aworkload to computers connected to a
network to achieve acommon target.17 18. The computers that are in
a distributed system can beconnected by local area network (LAN) or
wide area network(WAN). And can consist of any number of
possibleconfigurations, such as mainframes, personal
computers,workstations & minicomputers to make such network as
asingle system. A common architecture of distributed computing is
the client-server network that involved large scale computing.18
19. Example of Distributed Computing: Logistic System For example,
a client can providea form onto which a user canenter orders for a
product. The Internetclient sends this orderinformation to the
server, whichchecks the product database &perform tasks that
are neededfor billing & shipping. Dozens orhundreds of clients
can interactwith a few servers that controldatabase access. 19 20.
Logistic System: 20 21. Logistic System: A client can provide a
form onto which a user can enter orders for a product. The client
sends this order information to the server, which checks the
product database & perform tasks that are needed for billing
& shipping.21 22. Cloud computing is an Internet service that
providescomputing needs to computer users, whereby data is storedat
a server on the Internet & available anywhere the Internetcan
be accessed.22 23. Cloud computing is Internet-based computing
whereby sharedresources, software & information are provided to
computers& other devices on-demand (i.e. mobile devices). Types
of mobile devices: Smart phone PDA Mobile communication device
Handheld computer Portable media player Digital camera23 24. Acts
as a new model for computing that frees users from
owning,maintaining & storing software & data. Example of
Cloud Application: Dropbox is a Web-based file hosting service
operated by Dropbox, Inc. that uses cloud computing to enable users
to store & share files & folders with others across the
Internet using file synchronization.24 25. The basic components of
cloud computing are clients, the Internet, &service providers.
The Client: Includes corporations & endusers who want access
todata, programs, & storageanytime, anywhere throughan Internet
connection. 25 26. The Internet: Provides the connectionsbetween
the clients & theproviders. Two criticalfactors determining
theefficiency of cloudcomputing are:1. The speed of theInternet2.
The Internetscapability to providesafe & reliabletransmission
of data &programs. 26 27. Service providers: Organizations that
are connected to the Internet willing to provide access to
software, data, & storage for a fee or perhaps even for free.
An example is Google Apps, which provides free access to programs
with capabilities similar to Microsofts Word, Excel &
PowerPoint.27 28. Service providers: Top companies such as IBM,
Intel, Google, Yahoo are pursuing & beginning to offer cloud
computing. Using cloud computing, a computer with less storage,
memory, orprocessing can run the same applications as a more
powerfulcomputer.28 29. Definition of Information
TechnologyInformation Technology (IT) is defined as the use of
computerhardware and software to store, retrieve, and manipulate
information.29 30. This table summarizes some of the differences
among the categories of computers. This is a general guideline
because of rapid changes in technology.Categories of
ComputersCategory Physical Size UsersGeneral
CharacteristicsStand-alone computer Fits on a deskUsually one (can
Able to perform all of its input, be more if processing, output,
and storage networked) activities by itself.Mainframes Partial room
to a Hundreds toA large, expensive, powerful full room
ofthousandscomputer that can handle hundreds equipmentor thousands
of connected userssimultaneously (multi-user).Clients /Fits on a
deskOne to hundredsComputer on a network that requestsresources
from the server. Also calleda workstation.ServersSmall cabinet Two
to Computer that controls access to the thousandshardware,
software, and otherresources on a network, and providesa
centralized storage area forprograms, data, and information. 30 31.
This table summarizes some of the differences among the categories
of computing. This is a generalguideline because of rapid changes
in technology.Categories of Computing CategoryComponents
UsersGeneral CharacteristicsDistributed Mainframes, Hundreds to A
type of system that divides aComputing personalthousands workload
to computers connectedcomputers,to a network to achieve a
commonworkstations &target.minicomputersCloud Computing
Clients, theHundreds to Is an Internet service that
providesInternet, & thousands computing needs to
computerservice users, whereby data is stored at aproviders.server
on the Internet & availableanywhere the Internet can
beaccessed. 31 32. Define Information Technology (IT). Describe:
Stand-alone computer Mainframes Client-Server Distributed Computing
Cloud Computing32 33. Discussion1. List three(3) types of mobile
communication devices2. List all stages of Information Technology
development.3. Briefly describe cloud computing.4. Give one (1)
benefit of cloud computing.5. Give one (1) benefit of cloud
computing to small and medium business organization.33
