PesanINFORMASI TERTULIS YANG DIKIRIM/ DITINGGALKAN SESEORANG SAAT TIDAK BISA BERTEMU LANGSUNG DENGAN ORANG YANG DIMAKSUT DALAM PESAN.[MESSAGE: A WRITTEN COMMUNICATION WITHOUT A FORMAL ADDRESS BLOCKS AT THE BEGINNING, E SPECIALLY ONE THAT IS CIRCULATED TO PEOPLE WITHIN AN OFFICE].CARDS: KARTU/ SEPUCUK KERTAS YANG DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MEMBERI UCAPAN SELAMAT, MENDOAKAN ORANG LAIN. BIASANYA DIBERI HIASAN.LETTTERS: PESAN TERTULIS DENGAN BERBAGAI ISI DAN MAKSUD YANG DIKIRIM KE SESEORANG. DI DALAM AMPLOP BIASANYA DIBUBUHI PERANGKO.

Short Functional Text

Brochures: To advertise or to promote something.Advertisement (Ad): To persuade/ stimulate/

motivate the readers to buy the products/ goods.Announcement: to give information to the public,

to announce something to the public.Notices: to give information, instruction, or to warn

the public.

Contain dissatisfaction of something in an institution/ public facility/ even somebody‘s opinion. Consist: introductory paragraphs, explanation problems, suggestion, and closing. It is a kind of functional text..The other kind of a complaint letter:application letter, personal letter, and private letter.

A Complaint Letter, Also: advertisement and memo

advertisementPublic promotion/ announcement of some products/ services. Some commercial advertising media, include: billboards, radio, TV, magazines, newspaper, printed flyers, etc.

How to make Ad: Use short sentences. Use font types and sizes are easily read. Persuade readers to buy the product. Tell the good side of product. Give contact address/ person clearly.

Diagram, tabel, grafik

Diagram: gambaran yang digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu, biasanya berisi dua/ beberapa garis/ kotak yang menunjukkan perbedaan.

Tabel: menyajikan informasi dalam bentuk tabel/ kolom.

Grafik: disajikan dalam bentuk garis naik turun.

Procedure TextPURPOSE: TO HELP US DO A TASK/ MAKE SOMETHING. THEY CAN BE A SET OF INSTRUCTION/ DIRECTION. TEXT ORGANIZATION:GOAL [THE FINAL PURPOSES OF DOING THE INSTRUCTIONS]MATERIALS [INGREDIENTS, UTENTILS, EQUIPMENT, TO DO THE INSTRUCTION]STEPS [A SET OF INSTRUCTION TO ACHEIVE/ FINAL PURPOSE]LANGUAGE FEATRURES:IMPERATIVES (CUT, DON’T MIX, STIR) CONNECTER (FIRST, NEXT, FINALLY)ACTION VERBS (TURN, PUT) ADVERBIAL PHRASE (FOR A MINUTE)

Narrative Textthe text which tells story about its characters which faced obstacles in reaching his/ her goals. The examples: fairy tales, fable, legend, myths, etc. The purpose: to amuse/ to entertain the readers by telling stories. Sometime contain moral value, which teaches for the readers. The structure:1. Orientation, introduce the characters involved in the story, where and when the

story happened.2. Complication, tells the crisis/ problem that should be faced by the characters.3. Resolution, how the problems solved.Language Features:Material process, behavioral process, noun and pronoun, and simple past tense.

1. Fairy tales, a fictional story which tells about princess, fairy/ other characters from magical words.2. Fable, fictional story of which characters are animals.3. Folktale, traditional story which is passed down through generation and feature morals/ lessons.4. Legend, a very old story wit

h little/ even no more evidence to prove its truth.

TYPES OF NARRATIVE TEXT

Explanation TextThe goal/ aim ofthis text is to explain the processes involved in the information/ working of natural and sociocultural phenomena. Schematic structure: 1. general statement to position the readers. 2. a sequenced explanation of why/ how something

occurs. 3. closing/ conclusion is optional. Language Feature: Focus on generic, non human/

participants, use action verb, simple present tense, passive voice, conjunction of time and place, noun phrase, and complex sentences.

“

”

Kind of text which present a problematic course.Usually present both sides of an issue and a recommendation is a logical conclusion based data given.Will see and elaborate problem with different view. Present pro & contra, pro means agree and contra means disagree.General Structure:1. Issue as opening statement, drive a problematic discussion.2. Argument pro, support with covidence.3. argument contra, disagree with example.4. conclusion and recommendation.

DISCUSSION TEXTPurpose: Present argument and information from different points of view. Present at least two points of view about an issue in controversional topic.

analytical explositionPurpose: To persuade the reader/ that something is an important matters.

Generic structure:1. Thesis, point: introduces topic and indicates the writer’s opinion.Preview: outlines the main arguments to be presented.2. Arguments, point: restates the main arguments outlined in preview. Elaboration: develop and support each point/ argument.3. Reiteration, restates the writer‘s opinion.

SPOOF a text which has an unexpected and funny ending. The purpose: to tell an amusing story about someone/

something. General Structure:1. orientation, provides the setting and introduces the characters.2. events, tell the happenings in chronological order.3. twist, closes the events with unexpected and funny ending.Language Features:Focus on individual participants and use of material process.Circumstances of time and place also use past tense.[Material processes are verbs that show activities which can be seen: write, walk]

Hortatory ExpositionText which proposes an issue/ case so that the readers may consider the issue should be case/ not.

Purpose: persuade the reader that an issue should be the case/ not.Structure:Thesis, general statement of the issue/ topic proposed in the text.Arguments, support the issue. Usually written based on the criteria of weak and strong arguments.Recommendation, statement of suggestion about what ougth not to do/ happen.Language Features:Emotive words (clarmed, worried) Words that qualify statement (usual, probably)Connectve words (however, therefore) Subjective opinion using pronouns: I and WeExample:Opinion Articles, Editorials, Reader’s Letter,to propose an issue.

Review Text Purpose: to summarize, analyze, and respond art work Purpose: to critique an art work/ even for a public audience. Text organisation:1. orientation, background information on the text.2. Interactive/ interpret recount, summary of art work/ sequences information in

brief (characters, plot).3. Evaluation, concluding statement: judgement, opinion, and recommendation.4. Evaluation summation, the last opinion consisting ofthe appraisal/ punchline

of art work being reviewed.Use compound and complex sentences, adjectives and phrase of appraisal, metaphorical expreesions, and noun phrase. *cemoohan.

Recount text,to tell the readers whathappened in the past through a sequenceof events.Divide in personal and factual recount.Language Feature: noun and pronouns, action verbs, time conjunction, adverb of phrases, adjectives.

PERSONAL RECOUNT: ORIENTATION {WHERE, WHEN, WHO}EVENTS {WHAT HAPPENED}EVOLUTION {COMMENT ABOUT EXPERIENCE}RE_ORIENTATION {CONCLUSION}FACTUAL RECOUNT:ORIENTATION-EVENTS