PROJECT WORK

Name : Mertcan

Surname : Yılmaz

Class : Preparation / C

Number : 103

Lesson : English

OF

POLITICAL

REVOLUTIONS

1)END OF THE SULTANATE

In Ottoman Empire sultan was ruler after new council(Turkish

Grand National Assembly) people of country took the control

in ruling of country.

Allies called Ottoman Empire and Turkish Grand National

Assembly to Louisanne Conference.They wanted to seperate

the Turkish sides.Turkish council didn’t react good to

situation.Mustafa Kemal took the advantege attempted to

end the sultanate.Turkish Council stopped the activity of

sultanate in 1 November 1922.

2)WİTH THE END OF SULTANATE

A)622 years of Ottoman Empire dynastys sovereign

ended.Country’s people sovereign started.

B)First steps of Laicism started.

C)Allies tried to seperate Turkish sides but they

couldn’t.Turkish Council made decision about continuing

caliphate and Abdülmecid Efendi from Ottoman family

became the caliph.

3)FOUNDİNG OF REPUBLİC

Mustafa Kemal said ‘’New Turkish Government will rule by

people of the country.’’ In Amasya Circular and sovereign of

country’s people was in 1921 constitution but saving the

country was the priority and regime issue didn’t talk.

With the end of Sultanate what will be the regime of Turkish

government and who will be president issue started to talk

and Turkish council signed the Louisanne Treaty.

After that Mustafa Kemal Atatürk started programmes to

found the Republic in October 29, 1923.

4)WİTH THE FOUNDİNG OF THE REPUBLİC

A) Presidency and regime problems solved.

B)They started new positions like presidency and prime

manastry.

C)Mustafa Kemal Atatürk became the first president of

Turkish Republic.

D)People of Country’s sovereign formally started.

5)END OF THE CALİPHATE

With the end of sultanate caliphate contiuned. Caliphate had

no place in Laic government system.

Then Caliphate was the source of all regimes supporters who

are the enemys of revolutions of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.The

Caliph was treating like the president of the country.

This was a danger for the republic.These were the why’s of

end of the caliphate. The Caliphate was ended 3 March

1924.

6)WITH THE END OF CALİPHATE

A)No ways to return to old regime.

B)A big step for Laicism.

C)Difficulties for revolutions are ended.

7)TRIES OF POLITICA WİTH MORE THAN PARTYS

New regime of Turkish Republic was controlling by sovereign

of people.This thing was democracy and democracy was

supporting other ideas and things.Then these ideas

represented by someone.

Ataturk wanted this. By this way government can be checked

and can solve problems. This can be only with politics with

many parties.

After the founding the republic Ataturk allowed the

establishment of new parties.

8)NEW CAPİTAL CİTY

Ankara was the control center of Intepende’s war.Ankara’s

transportation was better than other cities.And TGNA set in

Ankara so Ankara became the new capital city of Turkish

Republic(13 October 1923.

REVOLUTIONS OF EDUCATION

1)THE RULE UNION OF THE EDUCATION:

With this rule made in 3 March 1924, all foundation of

education combined and controlled by National Education

Ministry. Highschools , Primary schools and Universtys

opened instead of Medresehs.

2)REVOLUTION OF ALPHABET:

In 1 November 1928 Ataturk made the revolution of

alphabet.Latin alphabet’s letters started to use in Turkish

Language instead of Arabic letters.

3)TURKISH INSTITUTION OF HISTORY

In 1931 Ataturk set institution with this institution provided

research of civilatizions and showed old Turkish countrys

were big and powerful civilatizion.

4)TURKISH INSTITUTION OF LANGUAGE

It was set in 1932 and Turkish Language took it place in world

languages.Ataturk wanted Turkish Language be as a science

language and he wanted to save Turkish Language from

Arabic and Persian words.

SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS

1)RULE OF CLOTHES

With this rule people took the chance to be like the west’s

modern people.For this target Ataturk made the clothes rule

in 1934 only religion men allowed to wear religional clothes

and they could only wear in religional places.According to

this law men could only wear hat to their heads in their

jobs.With this The Government of Turkish Republic aimed

solve the mess clothes.

2)CHANGES OF CALENDARS,MEASURES,HOURS

In 1925 Gregorian Calendar admitted. In 1 January 1926 in

Turkey Gregorian Calendar started to be used. In 1 April use

of Ottoman measures ended.Then people started to use

meter and kilo with this it started to be easy to trade with

western countries.

3)RULE OF SURNAME

With this rule mess in tittle deed,legacy, military service, jobs

are ended.This rule made in 1934 by Ataturk.

4)RULE OF RİGHTS OF WOMAN With Turkish Civil Code woman became equal with men in

social life.In 1931 woman could be mayer. In 1934 women

could be deputy.And they became equal in politics.

5)CLOSE OF LODGE AND ZAWİYA In 30 November 1925 lodges,zawiyas and tombs are

closed.Sheikh and disciple positions are ended.With this The

Government of Turkey Republic wanted to prevent people

live with unreasoning beliefs.

1)1921 AND 1924 CONSTITUTION

After the open Turkish Grand National Assembly new Turkish

Government first contitution ‘’Organization of Basic’’

prepared.But his constitution prepared quickly.Sovereign of

people wrote in this constitution. 1921 constitution wrote

again In 1924.

2)TURKİSH RULE OF

CIVILATIZION AND PUNISHMENT

Civil Code orders relations of familys and community in

Ottoman Civil Code wasn’t enough and less than republic.

Ataturk took the Switzerland Civil Code as an example.And

prepared Turkish Civil Code The Rule admitted in 17

February 1926.

3)WİTH THİS RULE

A)Women became equal with men in legacy,mary,divorce

jobs.

B)Having 1 wife and formal marriage became necessary.

C)Turkish Families became modern as western family.

D)Minors wanted to leave Lousanne treatments rights and

live with Turkish Civil Code.

1)SETTİNG NATİONAL ECONOMY

After Indepence War Ataturk started to renew the economy

even in Lousanne meetings he set 1th Economic congres

Izmir.National Economy Principle admitted in the name of

Economic Pact.With this local materials was the priority and

decided to open bigger factories and a bank to give credits to

tradesmen.

2)WORKS IN FARM,TRADE AND INDUSTRY

Government took measures to improve farming and fix the

situtation of villagers Asar tex removed,encouraged to use

machines in farm, set credit cooperatives for

farmers,agriculture schools.