Renaissance Period

and 17th-19th Century Arts

RENAISSANCE PERIOD

Renaissance• Is the period immediately following

the Middle Ages in Europe.• was used to describe an entire period

of rebirth, occurring between the 14th and 17th centuries

•  proved to be a time of great transformation of the artist as they came to occupy a different place in society.

Characteristics of Art during the

Renaissance Period• Incorporating a greater sense of light and color through new mediums.

• Creating a sense of space was also a major innovation of the time, as was perspective, a clever device that causes your eye to see in three-dimension

• Art during the Renaissance was mostly made for commissions or religious reasons.

• Art that showed joy in human beauty and life's pleasures. 

• Renaissance art is more lifelike than the art of the Middle Ages

• Renaissance artists studied perspective, or the differences in the way things look when they are close to something or far away.

• The Renaissance artists painted in a way that showed these differences.

• As a result, their paintings seem to have depth.

•  Renaissance art sought to capture the experience of the individual and the beauty and mystery of the natural world.

Prominent Artists during the

Renaissance Period1. Leonardo da Vinci

- he was an artist and a scientist at a time when both art and science, he has come to characterize the ultimate "Renaissance Man." 

- His most famous works are the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.

2. Michelangelo Bounarotti- A skilled painter who spent many

years completing the frescoes that adorn the Sistine Chapel.

-Michelangelo had trained as a sculptor and created two of the world's greatest statues--the enormous David and the emotional Pieta.

3. Raphael- He is credited with revolutionizing

portrait painting because of the style he used in the portrait of Julius II.

- In his painting The School of Athens, he reflected the classical influence upon Renaissance art

17TH CENTURY ART

Characteristics of Art during 17th

Century• Heralded by the Museum’s early Baroque paintings from Italy and Spain.

• throughout Italy, Baroque artists created work that was realistic and yet believably illusionistic, personal, and intensely dramatic.

• Dutch artists depicted their world in direct portraits, realistic still lives, landscapes, marine scapes, and genre paintings showing scenes of everyday life.

Baroque Art• characterized by great drama, rich,

deep color, and intense light and dark shadows.

• was meant to evoke emotion and passion instead of the calm rationality that had been prized during the Renaissance.

Prominent Artists during

the 17th Century1. Peter Paul Rubens- was arguably one of the best

painters of the 17th century Baroque style, and certainly the most famous Northern European painter of his day.

- His works: The Fall of Phaeton, St. George and the Dragon etc.

2. Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio- used realism to convey a new dimension

of the subjects that he painted- portrayed the things and life that he

knew, full of turbulence, and full of life.- was able to use light in a "divine" matter.- One of his works is The Calling of St.

Matthew .

3. Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini- the successor and student of Michelangelo in

both sculpture and painting.- fused together architecture and sculpture to

create a sense of spirituality and optical delight. - He also fused together Christian and pagan

iconography to create a feeling of Christianity overcoming the pagan religions of the ancients. 

- One of his works is The Ecstasy of St. Theresa.

18TH CENTURY ART

Characteristic of Art during the 18th

Century• often called a time of Enlightenment.• In many respects the art of the 18th

century is the art of France.• Though France led the way in

fashion, styles , manners, language, and much of art, Italy, Germany, and England all produced artists of originality and importance.

• The 17th century examined physical reality, while the 18th century examined the mind.

• Fantasies, reveries, ideas, and ideals of all kinds are imbedded in the diverse images of this period.

• Guided by the intellect, art throughout most of the century is characterised by an artifice that marks it and its creators as urbane, sophisticated, and educated.

Rococo Art• also referred to as "Late Baroque", is

an 18th-century artistic movement and style

• The term Rococo was derived from the French word, rocaille, meaning rock and shell garden ornamentation.

• The style appealed to the senses rather than intellect, stressing beauty over depth.

Rococo Art• The movement portrayed the life of

the aristocracy, preferring themes of romance, mythology, fantasy, every day life to historical or religious subject matter.

• Rococo was a light, ornamental, and elaborate style of art.

Neoclassical Art

• is characterized by its sense of order, logic, clarity, and to an extent, realism. 

• Neoclassicism was a reaction in the direction of order and restraint

• focused on portraying political truths of that time in a dramatic way while rococo art was more decorative and light.

Prominent Artist during the 18th

Century1. Jacques Louis David- was a highly influential French

painter in the Neoclassical style, considered to be the prominent painter of the era.

- His works include: The Death of Socrates, Oath of the Horatii etc.

19TH CENTURY ART

Characteristic of Art during the 19th

Century• The nineteenth century was a rather busy time in the world.

• Invention and discovery swelled as the byproducts of the previous century’s age of enlightenment, and resulted in the urbanization that took place.

• Three of the major art movements of this period were Neoclassicism, Romanticism, and Impressionism.

Neoclasscism• reflect the rational way of thinking that

was a significant part of the Enlightenment of 18thcentury Europe.

• This intellectual movement emphasized reason and drew from classical Greek and Roman style and content.

• Art that is considered part of the Neoclassicism movement can be identified by its idealized forms and stable composition.

Romanticism• was based on emotion rather than

rationale, and placed an emphasis on the individual rather than on society.

• These works are characterized by a brighter use of color and expressive brushstroke, and were meant to evoke emotion.

• Exotic subjects from foreign lands were also more prevalent in Romantic art.

Impressionism• this type of painting was

characterized by loose, quick brush strokes.

• A focus on one’s immediate impression of a scene.

Prominent Artists during the 19th

Century Art1. Adolphe-William Bouguereau- He made a careful study of form and

technique, steeped himself in classical sculpture and painting and worked deliberately and industriously.

- He portrays children and domestic scenes with tenderness, technical skill and rich color.

- His works include: Birth of Venus, Childhood Idyll etc.

2. Martin Johnson Heade- was one of the most inventive, versatile, and

prolific -- his active career spanned almost seventy years.

- he painted a series of complex compositions that combine hummingbirds and lush tropical flowers, particularly orchids, in landscape settings he had studied on his travels. 

- His works include: Humming Birds, Ruby Rose etc.

Renaissance and17th-19th Century

Arts

PAINTINGS

The Creation of Adam The Creation of Adam is a section of Michelangelo's fresco Sistine Chapel ceiling painted circa 1511. It is traditionally thought to illustrate the Biblical creation narrative from the Book of Genesis in which God breathes life into Adam, the first man. Chronologically the fourth in the series of panels depicting episodes from Genesis on the Sistine ceiling, it was among the last to be completed.

Boy with a Basket of Fruit

c.1593, is a painting generally ascribed to Italian Baroque master Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, currently in the Galleria Borghese, Rome.Caravaggio is being realistic, in capturing only what was in the fruit basket; he idealizes neither their ripeness nor their arrangement—yet almost miraculously, we are still drawn in to look at it; for the viewer it is very much a beautiful subject.

The Death of Socrates 1787 painting by the French painter Jacques-Louis David. It represents the scene of the death of Greek philosopher Socrates, condemned to die by drinking hemlock, for the expression of his ideas against those of Athens' and corrupting the minds of the youth. This painting is currently on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

SCULPTURES

Cristo Della Minerva also known as Christ the Redeemer or Christ Carrying the Cross, is a marble sculpture by the Italian High Renaissance master Michelangelo Buonarroti, finished in 1521.

The Ecstasy of St. TheresaThe Ecstasy of Saint Teresa is the central sculptural group in white marble set in an elevated aedicule in the Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome.Started: 1647Completed: 1652Location: Santa Maria della VittoriaArtist: Gian Lorenzo BerniniMedia: White marblePeriod: Baroque

The MosesThe Moses (c. 1513–1515) is a sculpture by the Michelangelo Buonarroti, housed in the church of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome. Commissioned in 1505 by Pope Julius II for his tomb, it depicts the Biblical figure Moses with horns on his head, based on a description in the Vulgate, the Latin translation of the Bible used at that time.

ARCHITECTURE

17th-19th Century Architecture

• -Architects were slight of soul• -300 years of homogeneous architecture• -During the 17th Century buildings were monolithic• -18th and 19th Centuries building were multilithic• -The age of Revolutions: American, French, and Industrial• -Social Order shifted to urban society• -Mass Production• -Age of Revision for Architecture• -No unifying authority or standards• -Revival modes, only signature style - pastiche of the past• -Recycled a bewildering variety of styles• -Chaotic, besot with traditions• -Science and Social innovations flourished

Syon Park, Middlesex, UK, 1762-1769 - (Robert Adam)

Syon Park. The crowning glory of Syon Park's gardens is the Great Conservatory. The 3rd Duke of Northumberland commissioned Charles Fowler to build a new conservatory in 1826, the first of its kind to be built out of gunmetal, Bath stone and glass. It was originally designed to act as a show house for the Duke's exotic plants and inspired Joseph Paxton in his designs for the Crystal Palace.Robert Adam (1728-1792) Scottish designer Increased the true knowledge of Roman Architecture. He refused to be a slave to the dictates of stylebooks. “A Latitude in this respect is often productive of great novelty, variety, and beauty.”

Royal Pavilion, Brighton, Sussex, England, 1815-1821 -(John Nash)

The Royal Pavilion is a former royal residence located in Brighton, England. It was built in three campaigns, beginning in 1787, as a seaside retreat for George, Prince of Wales, from 1811 Prince Regent. It is often referred to as the Brighton Pavilion. It is built in the Indo-Saracenic style prevalent in India for most of the 19th century, with the most extravagant chinoiserie interiors ever executed in the British Isles.

Casa Mila, Barcelona, 1905-1910 -(Antoni Gaudí)better known as La Pedrera, is a building designed by the Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí and built during the years 1905–1910, being considered officially completed in 1912. It is located at 92, Passeig de Gràcia (passeig is Catalan for promenade) in the Eixample district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It was a controversial design at the time for the bold forms of the undulating stone facade and wrought iron decoration of the balconies and windows, designed largely by Josep Maria Jujol, who also created some of the plaster ceilings.Antoni Gaudí i Cornet was a Spanish Catalan architect and figurehead of Catalan Modernism. Gaudí's works reflect his highly individual and distinctive style and are largely concentrated in the Catalan capital of Barcelona, notably his magnum opus, the Sagrada Família.

Sources• renaissance• http://www.students.sbc.edu/kitchin04/artandexpression/renaissance%20art.html

• http://www.mrdowling.com/704-art.html

• http://www.history.com/topics/renaissance-art

• http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/schools/projects/renaissance/artists.html

• http://library.thinkquest.org/2838/artgal.htm• 17th century art• http://www.nortonsimon.org/european-art-17th-18th-centuries/

• http://tours.daytonartinstitute.org/accessart/connect.cfm?TN=dw09

• artists:• http://voices.yahoo.com/17th-century-artists-borromini-bernini-caravaggio-10474.html

• http://emptyeasel.com/2007/05/01/peter-paul-rubens-baroque-painter-of-the-north/

• 18th century art• http://myweb.rollins.edu/aboguslawski/Ruspaint/18intro.html• (rococo, neoclassical movements)• http://www.humanitiesweb.org/spa/gai/ID/464

• 19th century art• http://wamtac.wordpress.com/art-history/19th-century-art/

• artists: http://digitalconsciousness.com/renowned/19c.phtml