Seminar on

BIO-DIESEL

By- Kiran M. Aajagekar.

Under the guidance of

Prof. S. B. Deshmukh

Seminar Outline

- Introduction- What is a Biodiesel- Sources of Biodiesel- Transesterification- Simple approach to make a Biodiesel- Properties of Biodiesel- Material compatibility of Biodiesel- Applications of Biodiesel- Benefits & Disadvantages of Biodiesel- Biodiesel Emissions

Introduction

-Biodiesel

-Historical background- Patrick duffy 1853

-International Biodiesel Day- 10 Aug

Sources

- Vegetable oil

- Animal fat

- Jathropa ( contains 40% of oil)- Soybeans- canola / Rapeseed- Camelina- Sun flower oil

- Algae & Oil palm

Transesterification

CH2OH-R1 catalyst CH2OH | | CHOH-R2 + 3CH3OH 3CH3OHRx+ CHOH | | CH2OH-R3 CH2OH

Triglyceride 3 Methanol Biodiesel Glycerin

R1, R2, and R3 are fatty acid alkyl groups (could be different, or the same), and depend on the type of oil. The fatty acids involved determine the final properties of the biodiesel (cetane number, cold flow properties, etc.)

Simple Approach-HowBioDisel Can Made

Properties of Biodiesel

- Calorific value- 37.27 MJ/kg- Color- Varies from Golden to Dark Brown - Flash point- >130 °C, >266 °F- density ~ 0.88 g/cm³- High boiling point- Low vapor pressure- Immiscible with water- No sulphur content- High Cetane number

Material compatibility

- Plastics- HDPE is compatible, PVC is not compatible, Polysrtyne get dissolves

- Metals: Biodiesel has an effect on copper-based materials (e.g. brass), and it also affects zinc, tin, lead, and cast iron. Stainless steels (316 and 304) and aluminum are unaffected

- Rubber: Biodiesel also affects some types of natural rubbers

Applications

- Vehicular use and Manufacturer acceptance- Railway uses- Aircraft uses- As a heating oil- For cleaning oil spill- In generators

Benefits of Biodiesel

- Clean fuel that is an excellent alternative to petroleum.

- Hundred percent renewable- A positive impact on the environment - No or little vehicle modifications or special

fuelling equipment - With a high flash point, biodiesel is safer to

handle and store- provides excellent lubricity to the fuel

injection system

- Provides significantly reduced emissions of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, unburned hydrocarbons, and sulphates

- Helps reduce the risk of global warming by reducing net carbon emissions to the atmosphere

- Being derived from vegetable oils, biodiesel is naturally non-toxic

- In both soil and water, biodiesel degraded at a rate 4 times faster than regular diesel fuel

- can be made from different oils and fats, waste products.  Waste cooking oil, animal feed mixtures can be converted to high quality biodiesel

Disadvantages

• Lower Energy Content• Less energy produces , but have also higher cetane ,

lubricity, etc.

• Poor cold weather performance• This can be mitigated by blending with diesel fuel or with

additives, or using low gel point feedstocks such as rapeseed/canola.

• Stability Concerns• Biodiesel is less oxidatively stable than petroleum diesel

fuel. Old fuel can become acidic and form sediments and varnish. Additives can prevent this.

• Scalability• Current feedstock technology limits large scalability

Biodiesel Emissions

Conclusion

- By knowing about the biodiesel as a fuel we came to know that, biodiesel is the today's best alternatives for the fossils fuels like diesel and gasoline.

- It can be used in vehicles with some modification in the vehicle

- Production of biodiesel is easy as compared to the fossil fuels, also it is easy to handle and less pollutant than that of fossil fuels.

- Biodiesel is environment friendly and human friendly

References

www.wikipedia.com

www.sciencedirect.com

www.biodieselcommunity.org

www.biodiesel.org/resources

Biodiesel documentation of worldwide status 1997

Thank You

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