SEMINARON

ANTHRAX AND

DENGUE FEVER

PRESENTED TO :

MR. N. SHRIRAM

ASSOCIATE PROFFESSOR

S.S.R.C.N VAPI

PRESENTED BY :

PATEL MITAL S.

F.Y. M.Sc NURSING

S.S.R.C.N .VAPI

ANTHRAX :

Anthrax is an infection by the gram-positive spore-

forming aerobic rod-shaped bacterium, Bacillus

anthracis.

It usually affects sheep, cattle, horses, goats, and

swine. It may infect humans, causing meningitis and

pneumonia with a high rate of death.

CAUSE :

Bacteria :

Bacillus anthracis is a rod-shaped,

Gram-positive, aerobic bacterium

about 1 by 9 micrometers in length.

It was shown to cause disease by

Robert Koch in 1876.

The bacterium normally rests in

endospore form in the soil, and can

survive for decades in this state.

Exposure :

Occupational exposure to infected animals or their

products (such as skin, wool, and meat) is the usual

pathway of exposure for humans. Workers who are

exposed to dead animals and animal products are at the

highest risk, especially in countries where anthrax is

more common.

PATHOGENESIS :

MODE OF INFECTION :

PATHOPHISIOLOGY :

SYMPTOMS :

1 CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX

•The sore is painless,

but it is surrounded

by swelling.

A scab often forms,

and then dries and

falls off within 2

weeks

Inhalation anthrax:

•Flu like symptoms

•Begins with fever, malaise, headache, cough,

shortness of breath, and chest pain

•Fever and shock may occur later

Gastrointestinal anthrax :

•Abdominal pain

•Bloody diarrhea

•Diarrhea

•Fever

•Mouth sores

•Nausea and vomiting

( vomit contain blood)

•acute inflammation of the intestinal

tract, and loss of appetite

DIAGNOSIS :

A culture of the skin, and maybe a biopsy, are done on

the skin sores.

•Chest CT scan or chest x-ray

•Spinal tap to check for infection around the spinal

column (CSF culture)

•Sputum culture

MANAGE MENT :

PREVENTION :

DENGUE FEVER :

CAUSE :

PREDISPOSING FACTORS :

more common in babies and young children,

Women are more at risk than men.

Dengue can be life-threatening in people with chronic

diseases such as diabetes and asthma.

♦INCUBATION PERIOD :

It means the time between bite of an infected

mosquito and appearance of symptoms of dengue

fever in the bitten person.

Commonly, it is 5-6 days. However it can vary from

3-10 days.

PATHOPHISIOLOGY OF DENGUE FEVER

:

Type of Dengue fever :

1. Classical (Simple) Dengue Fever

2. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

3. Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)

1 Classical (Simple) Dengue

Fever :

- Pain in abdomen by itself or on touching.

- Mild pain in throat.

- Patient feels generally depressed and very sick.

- Rash on the skin :

The entire duration of Classical Dengue fever lasts for

about 5-7 days and the patient recovers.

2 Dengue haemorrhagic fever

3. Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)

The person is very restless

skin feels cold and clammy despite high

fever.

The person may start losing consciousness.

Pulse is weak and rapid.

blood pressure will be low.

DIAGNOSIS :

MANAGEMENT :

COMPLICATIONS :

Neurologic manifestations such as seizures and

encephalitis/encephalopathy .

Other neurological complications associated with

dengue infection include neuropathies, Guillain-

Barré syndrome, and transverse myelitis.

Liver failure

Overhydration

PREVENTION :

THANK YOU