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POWER POWER DISTANCEDISTANCE

The extend to which the less powerful members of the The extend to which the less powerful members of the institutions and organizations within a country expect and institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally.accept that power is distributed unequally.

It is the way society handles equality.It is the way society handles equality.

Power, wealth, status, wisdom, talent etc. influences the Power, wealth, status, wisdom, talent etc. influences the concept of inequality.concept of inequality.

Inconsistencies can occur between these areas.Inconsistencies can occur between these areas.

An attempt to make these areas more consistent will increase An attempt to make these areas more consistent will increase the power distance.the power distance.

Research among IBM employees Research among IBM employees of 50 countriesof 50 countries

Power distance index (higher the Power distance index (higher the score, larger the power distance)score, larger the power distance)

dependence relationships in a dependence relationships in a countrycountry

Measuring inequalityMeasuring inequality

Level of dependence of Level of dependence of subordinates on bossessubordinates on bosses

Decision making styleDecision making style

Emotional distance Emotional distance

Occupations (skilled and unskilled)Occupations (skilled and unskilled)

Factors affected by PDFactors affected by PD

Obedience and respectObedience and respect Independent v/s dependent behaviorIndependent v/s dependent behavior Relationship with parents and relativesRelationship with parents and relatives

FamilyFamily

Teachers and classmates inculcate Teachers and classmates inculcate additional values.additional values.

Educational processEducational process Personal wisdom v/s truthPersonal wisdom v/s truth

SchoolSchool

Superiors and subordinates relationshipSuperiors and subordinates relationship Centralization of powerCentralization of power Salary systemsSalary systems Nature of work (manual or office)Nature of work (manual or office) Management practicesManagement practices

WorkWork

Latitude or geographyLatitude or geography Size of populationSize of population National wealthNational wealth

DeterminantsDeterminants

Dependence on others power is reducing.Dependence on others power is reducing. Independence is politically attractive Independence is politically attractive

topic (liberation and emancipation topic (liberation and emancipation movements)movements)

Increased education levels in countries Increased education levels in countries led to lower PDled to lower PD

Nations are being dependent on decisions Nations are being dependent on decisions made internationally. made internationally.

Lower PD in wealthy countriesLower PD in wealthy countries For countries that are already poor, no For countries that are already poor, no

reduction in PD.reduction in PD.

FutureFuture