1. 1. Cambodia
2. 2. Ang Cambodia Kasaysayan Kultura ng Cambodia Relihiyon Kasuotan at Pagkain Edukasyon Makasay- sayang Lugar Pagdiriwang Khmer Rouge
3. 3. Paniniwala Literatura
4. 4. Ang Cambodia
5. 5. "When the culture extinguishes, the Nation will disappear. When the culture is magnificent, the Nation is prosperous". - Khmer proverb 5Ankur Patel
6. 6. Ankur Patel 6 Heaven protects our King And gives him happiness and glory To reign over our souls and our destinies, The one being, heir of the Sovereign builders, Guiding the proud old Kingdom. Temples are asleep in the forest, Remembering the splendour of Moha Nokor. Like a rock the Khmer race is eternal. Let us trust in the fate of Kampuchea, The empire which challenges the ages. Songs rise up from the pagodas To the glory of holy buddhistic faith. Let us be faithful to our ancestors' belief. Thus heaven will lavish its bounty Towards the ancient Khmer country, the Moha Nokor. Pambansang Awit ng Cambodia
7. 7. Ankur Patel 7 Ang watawat ng Cambodia Ang sagisag ng Cambodia
8. 8. Ankur Patel 8
9. 9. Ang Bansang Cambodia Total Population 13,607,069 (est.) Total Area 1,81,035 km Local Currency Cambodian riel Literacy 8 5 % ( a p p r o x ) Language Khmer GDP US$ 11.36 billion 9Ankur Patel
10. 10. Facts and Statistics Location: Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos Capital: Phnom Penh Population: 13,607,069 10Ankur Patel
11. 11. Ankur Patel 11 Pangkat Etniko Bahagdan Khmer 90% Vietnamese 5% Chinese 1% other 4%
12. 12. Ankur Patel 12 Kasaysayan
13. 13. HISTORY OF THE KINGDOM
14. 14. ANCIENT CAMBODIA The first humans in Cambodia were Stone Age hunters and gatherers. However farming was introduced into Cambodia about 2,300 BC. The first farmers in Cambodia used stone tools but from about 1,500 BC the Cambodians used tools and weapons made from bronze. By about 500 BC they had learned to use The first civilisation in the area arose about 150 AD in the Mekong River delta in South Vietnam. This civilisation was known to the Chinese who called it Fu-nan. iron.
15. 15. ANCIENT CAMBODIA While Fu-nan was trading with the Chinese Cambodian society grew more sophisticated. Settlements grew larger. So did kingdoms. By the beginning of the 7th century AD all of Cambodia was highly civilized. At first Cambodia was divided into rival states. However at the beginning of the 9th century a king named Jayavarman II founded the Khmer Empire in Cambodia.
16. 16. THE KHMER EMPIRE Like all early civilizations the Khmer Empire was an overwhelmingly agricultural society, Although there were many craftsmen the great majority of the people were farmers. Their staple diet was rice. The Khmers were animists. They believed that spirits inhabited natural phenomena such as the earth and trees. Later Indian religions (Hinduism and Buddhism) were introduced but they co- existed with traditional beliefs.
17. 17. THE KHMER EMPIRE The rich and powerful built fine temples (the only stone buildings in Cambodia). They were richly decorated with fine stone carvings. The most famous temple is Angkor Wat which was built in the early 12th century. Then about 1000 AD King Jayavarman V was killed. Civil war followed until Suryavarman I founded another dynasty. By 1011 he was in control of Cambodia. However his dynasty only lasted until 1080 when it was replaced by another.
18. 18. THE KHMER EMPIRE In 1177 a people called the Chams from Champa (on the coast of Vietnam) invaded Cambodia. However King Jayavarman VII managed to drive them out by 1183 and between 1203 and 1220 he was able to force the Chams to submit to him. Nevertheless by the mid- 13th century the Khmer kingdom was in decline. In 1431 the Thais captured the Cambodian capital, Angkor. Afterwards it was abandoned and new capital was founded at Phnom Penh. By the mid-16th century Angkor was overgrown by the jungle and it was accidentally rediscovered by a Cambodian king.
19. 19. CAMBODIA 1500-1800 During the 16th century Cambodian power continued to decline. At the end of the century Cambodia fell under Thai suzerainty . In 1594 the Thais captured the capital. After that they dominated the region. From the middle of the 17th century the power of Vietnam grew. In the early 17th century the Cambodians controlled parts of what is now South Vietnam. They held a port called Prey Nokor. (Later it was renamed Saigon). In the late 17th century Prey Nokor fell under Vietnamese rule.
20. 20. CAMBODIA 1500-1800 During the 18th century Cambodia found itself squeezed between two powerful neighbours, Thailand and Vietnam. The Thais invaded Cambodia several times in the 18th century and in 1772 they destroyed Phnom PenH. In the last years of the 18th century the Vietnamese also invaded Cambodia. The Cambodian king was forced to look to the Thais for protection. In return Thailand took north-west Cambodia.
21. 21. 19TH CENTURY CAMBODIA In the early 19th century King Chan (1806-1834) turned to the Vietnamese for protection from the Thais. The Thais were annoyed by this policy and when a rebellion occurred in south Vietnam in 1833 they took advantage by invading Cambodia. However the Vietnamese king crushed the rebellion and the Thai army retreated.
22. 22. 19TH CENTURY CAMBODIA As a result the Vietnamese emperor strengthened his control over Cambodia. When Cambodian King Chan died in 1834 one of his daughters was installed as Queen and Vietnamese people settled in Cambodia. The Vietnamese regarded the Cambodians as 'barbarians' an tried to 'civilize' them by teaching them Vietnamese customs. Resentment at Vietnamese influence led to a rebellion in 1840-1841. The Thais invaded again to re-assert their control of Cambodia.
23. 23. 19TH CENTURY CAMBODIA However in the 1850s French missionaries arrived in Cambodia. The Cambodian king turned to the French to protect him from both the Thais and the Vietnamese. So in 1863 Cambodia became a French protectorate.
24. 24. 20TH CENTURY CAMBODIA Under French rule some economic development took place in Cambodia. Roads and railways were built and in the 1920s a rubber industry grew up. However the Cambodians were forced to pay heavy taxes and from the 1930s Cambodian nationalism grew.
25. 25. 20TH CENTURY CAMBODIA Then in 1941 Cambodia was occupied by the Japanese. However at first they allowed French officials to remain in their posts but in March 1945 as the Japanese were losing the war they desperately tried to curry favour with the Cambodians. They arrested French officials and declared Cambodia independent. However when the Japanese surrendered the French took over again. They arrived in October 1945.
26. 26. 20TH CENTURY CAMBODIA This time the French did allow the Cambodians to have political parties and a constitution. By a treaty of 1949 Cambodia was made semi-independent. Then in 1952 King Sihanouk dismissed the government and took personal control of the country. Events then moved swiftly. On 9 November 1953 the French finally allowed Cambodia to become fully independent and in 1955 Sihanouk abdicated in favor of his father and elections were held.
27. 27. 20TH CENTURY CAMBODIA Sihanouk formed his own political movement. From 1955-1970 he dominated politics in Cambodia so much so that it is sometimes called the 'Sihanouk era'. In 1960, when his father died, he named himself 'Chief of State'. Sihanouk called his movement 'Buddhist Socialism'. However it was not really socialist at all. Sihanouk's reign began to crumble in 1968 when the communists began a civil war. In 1970 Sihanouk left the country. While he was away the National Assembly voted to remove him as chief of state. Cambodia was renamed the Khmer Republic.
28. 28. 20TH CENTURY CAMBODIA However the communists slowly made headway. The Americans bombed Cambodia to try and stop the communists. Nevertheless they captured Phnom Penh on 17 April 1975.
29. 29. Kultura
30. 30. CULTURE OF CAMBODIA
31. 31. Birth and Death Rituals The birth of a child is a happy event for the family. According to traditional beliefs, however, confinement and childbirth expose the family, and especially the mother and the child to harm from the spirit world. A woman who dies in childbirthcrosses the river (chhlong tonle) in Khmer is believed to become an evil spirit. In traditional Khmer society, a pregnant woman respects a number of food taboos and avoids certain situations. These traditions remain in practice in rural Cambodia, but they have become weakened in urban areas.
32. 32. Birth and Death Rituals Death is not viewed with the great outpouring of grief common to Western society; it is viewed as the end of one life and as the beginning of another life that one hopes will be better. Buddhist Khmer usually are cremated, and their ashes are deposited in a stupa in the temple compound. A corpse is washed, dressed, and placed in a coffin, which may be decorated with flowers and with a photograph of the deceased.
33. 33. Birth and Death Rituals White pennant-shaped flags, called "white crocodile flags," outside a house indicate that someone in that household has died. A funeral procession consisting of an achar, Buddhist monks, members of the family, and other mourners accompanies the coffin to the crematorium. The spouse and the children show mourning by shaving their heads and by wearing white clothing. Relics such as teeth or pieces of bone are prized by the survivors, and they are often worn on gold chains as amulets. If the child is always ill, his or her parents can go and change the name of child
34. 34. Courtship, Marriage, Divorce Courtship patterns differ between rural and urban Khmer; romantic love is a notion that exists to a much greater extent in larger cities. A man usually marries between the ages of nineteen and twenty-five, a girl between the ages of sixteen and twenty-two. After a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying into a good family. In rural areas, there is a form of bride-service; that is, the young man may take a vow to serve his prospective father-in-law for a period of time.
35. 35. Courtship, Marriage, Divorce The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, but in the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and recite prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, tying cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and passing a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the union. After the wedding, a banquet is held. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may live with them up to a year, until they can build a new house nearby.
36. 36. Courtship, Marriage, Divorce Divorce is legal and relatively easy to obtain, but not common. Divorced persons are viewed with some disapproval. Each spouse retains whatever property he or she brought into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is divided equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but the woman must wait ten months. Custody of minor children is usually given to the mother, and both parents continue to have an obligation to contribute financially toward the rearing and education of the child. The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can re-marry.
37. 37. Customs In Khmer culture a person's head is believed to contain the person's soul--therefore making it taboo to touch or point one's feet at it. It is also considered to be extremely disrespectful to use the feet to point out a person, or to sit or sleep with the soles of the feet pointing at a person, as the feet are the lowest part of the body and are considered to be impure.
38. 38. When greeting people or to show respect in Cambodia people do the "sampeah" gesture, identical to the Indian namaste and Thai wai.
39. 39. Customs Customary Cambodian teachings are laid out in verse form in long works from the 14th to 18th centuries collectively called Chhbap ("rules" or "codes").These were traditionally learned by rote. Works such as the Chhbap Pros ("Boy's Code"), Chhbap Srey ("Girl's Code") and Chhbap Peak Chas ("Code of Ancient Words") gave such advice as: a person that does not wake up before sunrise is lazy; a child must tell parents or elders where they go and what time they will return home; always close doors gently, otherwise a bad temper will be assumed; sit in a chair with the legs straight down and not crossed (crossing the legs is a mark of an impolite person); and always let the other person do more talking. In Cambodia it is not polite to make eye contact with someone who is older or someone who is considered a superior.
40. 40. In Cambodia it is not polite to make eye contact with someone who is older or someone who is considered a superior.
41. 41. Khmer Rouge
42. 42. THE KHMER ROUGE
43. 43. THE KHMER ROUGE In 1975 a horrific and tragic era of Cambodian history began in the reign of the Khmer Rouge. They were led by Pol Pot (or Saloth Sar) also known as 'Brother Number One'. How many people were killed by Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge is not known for certain but it was probably at least 1.5 million and it may have been as many as 3 million. Pol Pot declared that history would begin again in Cambodia. The first year of revolution was now the first year of history.
44. 44. THE KHMER ROUGE In 1975 Cambodia was a mainly agricultural country. Pol Pot decided it should be completely agricultural. This meant all the people from the towns and cities were forced to move to the countryside. Pol Pot also decided that agricultural output should double in 4 years. Private property was banned and collective farms were formed. They were supposed to grow 3 tons of rice per hectare. People were made to work very long hours to try and grow the extra rice. They were given insufficient food and many fell ill and died from a combination of exhaustion and malnutrition.
45. 45. THE KHMER ROUGE That was not all. Religion was banned in Cambodia (people caught practicing Buddhism were executed). Family relationships were banned (on the grounds that parents exploited their children). Furthermore the smallest infringement of the rules resulted in execution. Although they were half starved, people caught foraging for food were executed. People were also executed for being lazy. Needless to say anyone who complained was executed.
46. 46. THE KHMER ROUGE Furthermore the Khmer Rouge murdered intellectuals. Soon people who could speak a foreign language or who wore glasses were executed. This nightmarish situation was only ended by a war with Vietnam. The Vietnamese invaded Cambodia in December 1978 and quickly prevailed. Unfortunately Pol Pot escaped and he did not die until 1998.
47. 47. THE KHMER ROUGE Pol Pot's soldiers fled to Thailand and they were welcomed by the Thai's who feared a Vietnamese invasion. The Khmer Rouge continued a guerrilla war against the Vietnamese. However the Vietnamese forces withdrew from Cambodia in 1989. Afterwards negotiations began among several different parties. The result was the Paris Peace Accords of 1991. Communism was abandoned in Cambodia and a provisional government ruled until 1993 when elections were held and a constitution was framed. Sihanouk was made a constitutional monarch.
48. 48. THE KHMER ROUGE However the Khmer Rouge refused to take part in the elections and they continued their guerrilla war. Fortunately in 1996 Pol Pot's second in command Leng Sary defected in 1996. Many Khmer Rouge troops followed him. Pol Pot himself died in 1998 and peace returned to Cambodia. In 1999 Cambodia joined ASEAN.
49. 49. 21ST CENTURY CAMBODIA In 2004 King Norodom Sihanouk abdicated. His son became King Norodom Sihamoni in his place. Today Cambodia is still a poor country but there is every reason to be optimistic about its future. In the early years of the 21st Century the Cambodian economy grew rapidly.
50. 50. 21ST CENTURY CAMBODIA Cambodia suffered badly during the recession of 2009 but it soon recovered and today it is growing strongly. Today the textiles industry in Cambodia is booming. Tourism is also an important industry in in Cambodia. However many people in Cambodia still live by farming. In 2005 oil was discovered in the sea off Cambodia and it holds great promise for the future. Today the population of Cambodia is 14.9 million.
51. 51. Relihiyon
52. 52. Ankur Patel 53 Maraming bagay ang nakakaapekto sa kultura ng Cambodia; kasama na dito ay ang Theravada Buddhism at ang Hinduismo, ang kanilang relihiyon. Ang kolonya ng Pransya, ang kulturang Angkorian, at ang kasalukuyang panahon ay nakaaapekto rin. Kasama na dito ang kultura ng mga tribo ng Khmer Loeu.
53. 53. Ankur Patel 54 Relihiyon Bahagdan Theravada Buddhist 95% Iba pa 5%
54. 54. Ankur Patel 55 Historically, Buddhism has been the dominant religion in Cambodia, however before its introduction Hinduism also flourished. Roman Catholicism was introduced by French missionaries beginning in the eighteenth century. Islam is practiced among the Chams. R E L I G I O N S in C A M B O D I A
55. 55. Ankur Patel 56 B U D D H I S M in C A M B O D I A Buddhism has existed in Cambodia since at least the 5th century AD. Theravada Buddhism has been the Cambodian state religion since the 13th. In later history, a second century AD. The history of Buddhism stream of Buddhism in Cambodia spans entered Khmer culture nearly 2000 during the Angkor years, across a number empire of successive kingdoms. For the first 1000 years of Khmer history, Cambodia and empires. Buddhism entered was ruled by a series of Hindu kings with an Cambodia through two occasional Buddhist.
56. 56. Ankur Patel 57 R E L I H I Y O N Makikita sa mga Cambodian ang respeto nila sa kanilang relihiyon sa pamamagitan ng musika, sayaw, at pangaraw- araw na buhay nila.
57. 57. Ankur Patel 58 R E L I H I Y O N
58. 58. Ankur Patel 59 R E L I H I Y O N Ang mga sayaw ng Cambodia ay karaniwang ipinapakita lamang sa hari, meron silang makukulay at mararaming palamuti sa katawan. Binabase rin nila ang sayaw nila sa relihiyon, katulad ng Reamker. May mga sayaw rin silang para sa pagmamahalan at sa pagpapalayo ng masamang espiritu. Karaniwan na ang musika ng Cambodia ay sinasamahan ng pinpeat ensemble na tungkol rin sa relihiyon.
59. 59. Ankur Patel A R K I T E K T U R A Pagodas in Cambodia The 100-Column Pagoda in Kratie, Cambodia.
60. 60. Ankur Patel A R K I T E K T U R A The Angkor Wat
61. 61. Ankur Patel A R K I T E K T U R A The Angkor Wat The largest Hindu temple complex in the world. The temple was built by King Suryavarman II in the early 12th century in as his state temple and eventual mausoleum. Breaking from the Shaivism tradition of previous kings, Angkor Wat was instead dedicated to Vishnu. As the best- preserved temple at the site, it is the only one to have remained a significant religious centre since its foundation first Hindu, dedicated to the god Vishnu, then Buddhist. The temple is at the top of the high classical style of Khmer architecture. It has become a symbol of Cambodia, appearing on its national flag, and it is the country's prime attraction for visitors.
62. 62. Ankur Patel Kasuotan at Pagkain
63. 63. Clothing Clothing in Cambodia is one of the most important aspects of the culture. Cambodian fashion differs according to ethnic group and social class. Khmer people traditionally wear a checkered scarf called a Krama. The "krama" is what distinctly separates the Khmer (Cambodians) from their neighbors the Thai, the Vietnamese, and the Laotians.
64. 64. The scarf is used for many purposes including for style, protection from the sun, an aid (for the feet) when climbing trees, a hammock for infants, a towel, or as a "sarong". A "krama" can also be easily shaped into a small child's doll for play. Under the Khmer Rouge, krama of various patterns were part of standard clothing.
65. 65. Khmer clothing, also known as the fashion of Cambodia, refers to the style of dress worn by the Khmer people from ancient to present times.
66. 66. Cambodian KRAMA
67. 67. Cambodian KRAMA
68. 68. Cambodian KRAMA
69. 69. Cambodian KRAMA
70. 70. The long-popular traditional garment known as the Sampot, is an Indian-influenced costume which Cambodians have worn since the Funan era. Historically, Khmer clothing has changed depending on the time period and religion. From the Funan era to the Angkor Era, there was a strong Hindu influence in Cambodian fashion which favored wearing Sampots over the lower body and oftentimes nothing from the waist up except jewelry including bracelets and collars such as the Sarong Kor, a symbol of Hinduism.
71. 71. Cambodian Sampot
72. 72. Cambodian Sampot
73. 73. As Buddhism began to replace Hinduism, Khmer people started wearing the blouse, shirt and trousers of Khmer style. Khmer people, both common and royal, stopped wearing the Hindu-style collars and began to adopt beautiful decorated shawls such as Sbai instead. This new clothing style was popular in the Udong period.
74. 74. Sampot Hol The Sampot Hol is used as a lower garment and as the sampot chang kben.
75. 75. Sampot Hol
76. 76. Cuisine Khmer cuisine or more generally, Cambodian cuisine is one of the worlds oldest living cuisines, and is regarded by many as one of the healthiest and most balanced cuisines on the planet. The staple food for Cambodians is rice, and today rice is consumed by most Cambodians daily and with all meals, utilizing a great number of cooking styles and techniques. In fact, Cambodians eat more rice than any other people in the world
77. 77. In addition, rice is eaten all day long in the form of street-side snacks, such as deep-fried rice cakes with chives and spinach, for breakfast, as in Cambodia's famous rice noodle soup kuyteav or rice porridge, and in many desserts. Plain white rice is served with nearly every family meal, typically served with grilled freshwater fish, a samlor or soup, and an assortment of seasonal herbs, salad leaves and vegetables.
78. 78. KUYTEAV
79. 79. KUYTEAV
80. 80. A common ingredient, almost a national institution, is a pungent type of fermented fish paste used in many dishes, a distinctive flavoring known as prahok. It's an acquired taste for most Westerners, but is an integral part of Khmer cuisine and is included in many dishes or used as a dipping sauce. The liberal use of prahok, which adds a salty tang to many dishes, is a characteristic which distinguishes Khmer cuisine from that of its neighbours.
81. 81. PRAHOK
82. 82. Edukasyon
83. 83. Education in Cambodia
84. 84. Introduction There was a library (the storehouse of knowledge) central to each temple at the Angkor Wat. Education was traditionally offered only to boys, under the Buddhist custom and highly regarded
85. 85. - Many schools were closed and others turned into prisons such as the Tuol Sleng prison. Following French colonisation, the Khmer Rouge regime (Pol Pots communist leadership 1975-1979) destroyed the education system in Cambodia:
86. 86. - Many educated people and teachers were executed such that only; 50 of the 725 university instructors, 207 of the 2,300 secondary school teachers and 2,717 of 21,311 primary school teachers survived the regime.
87. 87. Structure of education is similar to ours with; six years of primary, three years of intermediate and 3 years of secondary schooling.
88. 88. Problems faced by the Cambodian education system can be primarily attributed to the shortage of resources and teachers. Government annual expenditure on education is very low at just 1.6% of Cambodia's GDP, where most western countries spend around 5.5% to 6.4%.
89. 89. Resources Classes are under- equipped and often run without textbooks or pen and paper chalk and talk style of teaching predominates. With a shortage of qualified teachers and classrooms, there are approximately 60 students per class.
90. 90. School grounds are not maintained and some schools do not even have access to clean water. These factors hinder learning and decrease student motivation and incentives to study thus compromising their education and future hence preventing them from escaping poverty.
91. 91. Teachers Corruption Teachers sell copy papers or lesson paper and students who dont buy the paper will receive the low mark... Students pay teachers in national exams. If they want to pass they need the money Teachers in Cambodia are earning merely US$20 to US$50 a month,they resort to collecting informal school fees of $0.02 to $0.05 per day from students to supplement their salaries. This further deters children from attending schools as they cannot afford to pay for the informal school fees.
92. 92. Competence Some teachers don't come to teach on time. They are absent without permission. Many students cannot even write Khmer in the class, they cant read or write. The education in Cambodia is very low. Due to the shortage of teachers in Cambodia, teachers employed often lack proper training. Most teachers in Cambodia, especially those in the more remote areas had not even completed their secondary education.
93. 93. Compassion The principal should have more interest in the lives of students (as lifelong disciples and leaders of the future) the librarians are rude and therefore some students do not want to go to the library Such desperate circumstances rob teachers of the space of heart to truly care for students, as their primary concerns are for their immediate survival.
94. 94. Tertiary education In 2009 Cambodia has a tertiary enrolment rate to 10% Lacks world recognition and is currently not acknowledged by QS World rankings (ranking of the worlds top 700 universities) Higher education institutions are mainly located in major cities. Hence, students have to bear the cost of transport and living expenses in addition to their school fees Example of another barrier to higher education
95. 95. Teaching is an important part of our ministry as it is an opportunity to; free the students from a generation of poverty, to preach the teacher that Jesus was, and to reach out and heal students broken faith in the education system and restore hope.
96. 96. Makasaysayang Lugar
97. 97. Ito ay ginawa para sa diyos na si Shiva. Marami itong "gopuras, mga pasikot sikot na daan at mga gusaling gawa sa bato. Dahil nasa may border ito ng Cambodia at Thailand, bihira itong napupuntahan ng mga turista. Preah Vihear Temple
98. 98. Ang Choeung Ek Killing Fields ay isang dating hardin noong 1975. Ginamit ito noong Khmer Rogue sa pagpatay ng 1.7 milyong katao. Ngayon, ang mga bungo ay nakalagay sa isang memorialin. Maaaring tingnan ito ng turista gamit ang mga glass panels. Choeung Ek Killing Fields
99. 99. NOON
100. 100. NGAYON
101. 101. Ang Angkor Wat ay isang templo mula pa sa ika-12 siglo. Meron itong 5 tore, na may kahangahangang disenyo at mga statua tungkol sa Hinduismo. Ginawa ang Angkor Wat para sa diyos na si Vishnu at mayroon ring mga iskultura tungkol sa pangaraw-araw na buhay ng mga Cambodian. ANGKOR WAT
102. 102. The largest Hindu temple complex in the world. The temple was built by King Suryavarman II in the early 12th century in as his state temple and eventual mausoleum. Breaking from the Shaivism tradition of previous kings, Angkor Wat was instead dedicated to Vishnu. As the best-preserved temple at the site, it is the only one to have remained a significant religious centre since its foundation first Hindu, dedicated to the god Vishnu, then Buddhist. The temple is at the top of the high classical style of Khmer architecture. It has become a symbol of Cambodia, appearing on its national flag, and it is the country's prime attraction for visitors.
103. 103. Mga Pagdiriwang
104. 104. Pinagdidiwang ng mga Cambodian ang Bon Om Tuuk Festival, isang karera ng mga bangka. Nagpapasalamat sila sa buwan gamit ang mga paputok at nagdadaos ng palaro katulad ng paglalaban sa tandang at paglalaro ng soccer. Bon Om Tuuk Festival
105. 105. Bon Om Tuuk Festival
106. 106. Bon Om Tuuk Festival
107. 107. Isa ring pinagdiriwang sa bansa ay ang Cambodian New Year sa Abril na binase sa dalawang relihiyon. Cambodian New Year
108. 108. Cambodian New Year
109. 109. Cambodian New Year
110. 110. Cambodian New Year
111. 111. Mga Paniniwala
112. 112. SAMPEAH
113. 113. Chest Level: Greeting to friend, equal position or the same age.
114. 114. Mouth Level: To respect someone older or higher position.
115. 115. Nose Level: To respect parents, grandparents, or teacher
116. 116. Eyebrow Level: To respect king, queen, monk or respected statue.
117. 117. Forehead Level: To pray for god, spirit, angel, divinity, celestial.
118. 118. Aside from monks, elders are given the highest level of respect in Cambodia. Always acknowledge an elder's status by allowing them to control the conversation, walk first, and take the lead. When seated, never sit higher than the eldest person in the room. Women should never touch a monk or hand anything to them If a monk is seated, you should also sit before starting a conversation Monks are not allowed to eat after noon, so try to be considerate and not to eat in front of them Respect for Elders & Monks
119. 119. Remove shoes and hats before entering the worship area Turn off mobile phones and MP3 players Avoid loud or disrespectful conversation inside of temples Dress modestly Avoid sitting higher than the seated monks Do not touch a Buddha statue Temple Etiquette
120. 120. Always remove your shoes upon entering Remove your hat while indoors To be polite, bring a small gift such as fruit, flowers, or candy to your host, and remember to hand them with both hands Always wait for the eldest to sit and eat first Avoid conversation about business or war when at the table Visiting Local Home
121. 121. Literatura
122. 122. Cambodian Literature Cambodian or Khmer literature has a very ancient origin. Like most Southeast Asian national literatures its traditional corpus has two distinct aspects or levels: The written literature, mostly restricted to the royal courts or the Buddhist monasteries. The oral literature, which is based on local folklore. It is heavily influenced by Buddhism, the predominant religion, as well as by the Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharata.
123. 123. Cambodian Literature Ancient Stone Inscriptions A testimony of the antiquity of the Khmer language are the multitude of epigraphic inscriptions on stone. The first written proof that has allowed the history of the Khmer empire to be reconstructed are those inscriptions. These writings on columns, stelae and walls throw light on the royal lineages, religious edicts, territorial conquests and internal organization of the kingdom.
124. 124. Cambodian Literature Buddhist Texts Following the stone inscriptions, some of the oldest Khmer documents are translations and commentaries of the Pali Buddhist texts of the Tripitaka written in the Khmer script. These texts were written with stencils by the monks on palmyra palm leaves. They were kept in various monasteries throughout the country and many did not escape the destruction of the Khmer Rouge.
125. 125. Cambodian Literature REAMKER The Reamker or Ram Ker (Rama's fame) is the Cambodian version of the Ramayana, the famous Indian epic. The Reamker comes in rhymed verses and is staged in sections that are adapted to Cambodian dance movements interpreted by local artists. The Reamker is the oldest form of Cambodian theatre. The Robam Sovann Maccha - a certain dance from the Reamker about Hanuman and Suvannamaccha, the golden mermaid, is one of the most renowned pieces of classical dance in Cambodia.
126. 126. Cambodian Literature Court Literature King Thommaracha II (16291634) wrote a poem directed to the Khmer young generation which is still a well loved traditional piece of poetry. King Ang Duong (18411860) is known in Khmer literature for being not only a king but a famous classical writer in prose. His novel Kakey or Ka key (from the Sanskrit word for a "female crow"), is inspired in a Jataka tale and has elements of regional folktales. Another work by Ang Duong, also probably inspired in an ancient legend, is Puthisen Neang Kong Rey, a novel about a faithful wife ready to sacrifice her life for her husband. Khmer poets and songwriters have used the words "Kakey" for a woman who is unfaithful to her man and "Neang Kong Rey" for a very faithful woman.
127. 127. Cambodian Literature Popular Legends One of the most representative of these tales was the story of Vorvong and Sorvong, a long story of the Khmer oral tradition about two Khmer princes that fell into disgrace, but after a series of ordeals regained their status. Vorvong and Sorvong was first put into writing by Auguste Pavie as "Vorvong and Saurivong"; this French civil servant claimed that he had obtained the folk legend version he wrote down from a certain "Old Uncle Nip" in Somrontong District. This story was put into writing in Battambang.
128. 128. Cambodian Literature Popular Legends Tum Teav is a classic tragic love story set in Kampong Cham that has been told throughout the country since at least mid 19th century. It is based on 17th or 18th century poem of uncertain origin, probably having originated in a more ancient Cambodian folk legend. Nowadays Tum Teav has oral, literary, theatre, and film versions in Khmer.
129. 129. Cambodian Literature Modern Literature The era of French domination brought about a requestioning of the role of the literature in Cambodia. The first book in the Khmer script in a modern printing press was printed in Phnom Penh in 1908. It was a classical text on wisdom, "The Recommendations of Old Mas", published under the auspices of Adhmard Leclre.
130. 130. Cambodian Literature Modern Literature Some of the first modern Cambodian literary works keep the influences of the versified traditional literature, like the 1911 novel Dik ram phka ram (The Dancing Water and the Dancing Flower), Tum Teav (1915) by the venerable Som, the 1900 work Bimba bilap (Bimba's Lamentation) by female novelist Sou Seth, or even Dav Ek by Nou Kan, which appeared in 1942.
131. 131. Ankur Patel Kabuuan ng Panitikang Cambodia
132. 132. PANITIKANG CAMBODIAN
133. 133. Ang sentro ng Panitikang Cambodia ay ang mga mito at alamat na naipasa sa pamamagitan ng salindila. Karamihan nito ay mga kuwento ukol sa mga naunang buhay ni Buddha at mga epiko mula sa India. Nang maipakilala ng mga Pranses sa Cambodia ang limbagan noong mga 1930s, sumulpot na rin ang mga nobela. Nagsimula muna ang mga nobela sa anyo ng mga serye sa pahayagan hanggang sa tuluyang ginamit ang mga ito sa mga paaralan at nagawan pa ng bersyon ng mga ito sa pelikula.
134. 134. Noong simula ng dekada 70, limampung nobela isang taon ang nailathala sa Cambodia. Sa panahon ng Khmer Rouge noong 1975- 1979, nalimitihan ang mga panitikan sa mga tula ukol sa agrikultura, mga magsasaka, at mga rebolusyonaryong awit. Walang mga nobelang naisulat sa Cambodia. Ang ilang mahahalagang akda ay nasulat ng mga refugee sa Pransya at Thailand. Sinira rin ang mga kagimbal-gimbal na mga taong iyon ang sinaunang panitikan ng Cambodia.
135. 135. May dalawa hanggang apat na milyong Cambodian ang namatay sa ilalim ng kalupitan ng rehimeng Khmer Rouge na pinamumunuan ni Pol Pot. Daan-daang libo ang tumakas sa Thailand at iba pang bansa. Sa pagsisikap na magtatag ng isang komunistang lipunang pantay-pantay, malupit na pinatay ng Khmer Rouge ang mga nasa panggitna at mataas na uri. Kabilang dito ang mga opisyal, negosyante, at edukadong propesyonal.
136. 136. Pilit na pinagtrabaho sa mga komyun (commune) sa lalawigan ng mga tagalungsod. Nahati ang mga pamilya. Ipinasara ang mga paaralan, monasteryo, bangko, tanggapan at aklatan. Kinumpiskang lahat ng mga pribadong pag-aari. Pinawi ng Khmer Rouge ang lahat ng makapagpapaalala sa nakaraan ng Cambodia kabilang na ang mga libro at panitikan at kung tutuusin, gayon na rin ang dalawang libong taon na kasaysayan ng Cambodia.
137. 137. Matapos ang 1979, unti-unti nang muling binuhay ang panitikang Cambodia. Bagaman noong dekada 80, pawang mga propaganda lamang ito ng estado, may mga refugee na rin na nagsikap na muling ilimbag ang mga klasikong akdang pampanitikan tulad ng mga kuwentong-bayan.
138. 138. Mabuhay ka, Anak ko
139. 139. N Tandaan: Panoorin ang nobelang Mabuhay ka, Anak ko!
140. 140. Talasal itaan
141. 141. Chhor Loan KengSarun Thay TharyAny Theng Vouch Theoun Staud Nawath Sudath Srey Rath Mr. Khem TharyAnyAnyung Any
142. 142. Huot Tat Sim Oan Prinsepe Sihanouk Lon Nol Long Boret Hen. Mey Sichan Iba ng MgaKhmer Rouge
143. 143. - ama ni Thay - isang maliit na negosyante - hindi siya mayaman - mataas ang pangarap kay Thay - hindi masalita at inirerespeto siya sa kaniyang paniniwala - may limang anak
144. 144. Loan - ina ni Thay - Buong buhay niya'y nagugol sa pag-aalaga sa pamilya sa nayon - may limang anak
145. 145. Asawa niya si Any Kumakampi sa Khmer Rouge Ang una niyang asawa ay si Thary.
146. 146. - kapatid na lalaki ni Thay na dalawang taon lang ang kabataan sa kanya - may asawa at tatlong anak (dalawang lalaki at isang sanggol na babae) - titser sa primarya at nakatira sa mga magulang -mas interesado sa basketbol kaysa pulitika
147. 147. - Dalawampu't isang taon na - ang intelektwal ng pamilya - nasa ikatlong taon na sa unibersidad - nag-aaral ng inheneriya na pambihira para sa isang babaeng Cambodian - nakahiligan niya ang simpleng pananamit at mabigat na pagsasalita, wari'y determinadong takasan ang tradisyunal na papel ng babae at igiit ang sarili sa daigidig ng mga lalaki
148. 148. - nakatatandang kapatid na babae ni Thay - madaling mapako ang atensyon niya sa mga usapang pampulitika - magiliw na asawa ni Sarun at ina ni Srey Rath -Laging nasa isip niya ang kabutihan ng kanyang mag- ama.
149. 149. Asawa ni Keng. Siya ay isang guro noon bago maaksidente sa isang motorsiklo na ikinabagok ng kanyang ulo. Dati siyang masayahin at mapaglaro ngunit ngayon ay lagi nang malungkitin at mainisin. Kadalasan, siya ay mahiyain parang bata, pero minsan namay galit nag alit o nagsasalita ng mga bagay na walang kaugnayan sa pinag-uusapan. Ngunit kahit siya ay naaksidente, hindi nagbago ang kanyang pagmamahal sa asawa at sa anak. Siya ay optimistiko na kung maibabalik si Sihanouk, marahil ay makukuha niya ang kanyang dating trabaho.
150. 150. Kasalukuyang asawa ni Thay. Ina nila Staud at Nawath
151. 151. Ang unang asawa ni Thay. Namatay siya dahil sa Hepatitis. Ina ni Sudath
152. 152. Anak ni Thay sa una niyang asawa na si Thary
153. 153. Kapatid ni Staud Anak nila Any at Thay
154. 154. Kapatid ni Nawath, anak nila Any at Thay.
155. 155. Limang taong anak na babae ni Sarun at Keng.
156. 156. Patriarkong Budistang may pinakamataas na awtoridad panrelihiyon, simbolo ng katatagan at miyembro ng pamilya ni Thay. Siya ay amain ng ama ni Thay. Malaki ang kanyang naging impluwensya sa paglaki ni Thay.
157. 157. Disiotso anyos na pinsan ni Thay na nagaaral sa haiskul, hindi katalinuhan at mahilag maglakwatsa kasama ang mga kaibigan.
158. 158. Pinsan ni Thay na nakatira sa isang malaking bahay sa Psar Silep
159. 159. Tinuturing niya ang sarili niyang ama ng bansa. nais niyang mapanatili ang pakikipag-ugnayan sa Vietnam. sinuportahan ang Khmer Rouge nang mawalan siya ng pusisyon sa pamahalaan.
160. 160. Ang nagpabagsak kay Sihanouk. Punong Ministro at pinuno ng armi.
161. 161. Ang pinag-iwanan ang pamumuno ng gobyerno sa pag-alis ni Lon Nol
162. 162. Ang puno ng Sandatahang lakas ng Republikano
163. 163. Ang mga gerilyang kalaban ng pamahalaan ng Cambodia. Karamihay pinangungunahan ng mga intelektwal na nag-aaral sa France.
164. 164. Mayamang opisyal sa Ministry of Finance papa ni Thary, Any at Anyung
165. 165. kapatid nina Any at Thary.
166. 166. Hindi lumaki kasama sina Thay dahil sumama sa kanyang mga biyenan Malayo ang loob sa pamilya.
167. 167. May-akda at Tagapagsalin
168. 168. Si Pin Yathay ay ipinanganak sa Phnom Penh, Cambodia noong ika-1 ng Enero 1944. Si Yathay ang panganay sa limang magkakapatid. Si Yathay ay isang magaling na estudyante. Siya ay nakatanggap ng scholarship pagkatapos sa sekondarya. Noong 1965, nagtapos siya ng Civil Engineering sa Polytechnic Institute sa Montreal. Pin Yathay
169. 169. Si Ruth ay ipinanganak sa Manila noong ika-30 ng Marso, 1949.Si Ruth ay isang professor sa Center for Southeast Asian Studies sa Unibersidad ng Hawaii. Siya ay isang coordinator ng Department of Hawaiian at Indo-Pacific languages and literatures. Ang kanyang mga bagong nailathala ay ang "Balada ni Lola Amonita" at ang "The Ballad of Lola Amonita". Ruth Elynia Mabanglo
170. 170. Pangyayari sa Nobela
171. 171. Unang Pangyayari Inilarawan ng nagsasalay na si Thay ang mga pangyayari sa paligid ng tagpuan at inilarawan din niya ang mga tauhan.
172. 172. Pangalawang Pangyayari Naharangan sila ng mga bumbero at ambulansyang dumating dahil sa pagsabog. Bumalik sa kanyang alaala ang nakaraan.
173. 173. Ikatlong Pangyayari Dumami ang mga North Vietnamese. Pinabagsak si Lon Nol. Nakarating sila Thay sa bahay ni Oan.
174. 174. Ikaapat na Pangyayari Pumunta ang mga mag-anak ni Thay sa bahay ng pinsan niyang si Oan at nagkita- kita sila ng kanyang mga kamag-anak. Nag usap-usap ang magkakapamilya tungkol sa usaping pampulitika at nagbigay ng kani- kanilang opinyon.
175. 175. Ikalimang Pangyayari Matapos na makipagtalo si Thay sa kanyang ama't ina tungkol sa babala ng mga ito na komunista ang Khmer Rouge ay narinig nila ang boses ni Huot Tat sa radyo at sunod naman nilang narinig si Heneral Mey Sichan ngunit natabunan ang boses ng heneral ng di maunawaang ingay.
176. 176. Ikaanim na Pangyayari Isang prusisyon ang wari'y pinanood nila, may nakabitin na mga puting tuwalya, kumot at damit at mga sundalong naglalakad sa gitna ng kalsada at masaya silang bumalik sa bahay ni Oan ngunit biglang dumating ang isang lalaking nagsasabing pinalayas sila ng mga Khmer Rouge sa kanilang bahay.
177. 177. Ikapitong Pangyayari Pumunta ang pamilya ni Thay sa patriarka, ngunit wala rin silang ibang nagawa kundi maghintay ng susunod na balita o anunsyo.
178. 178. Ikawalong Pangyayari Bumalik ang kinatawan ng Patriarka. Ibinalita niya na ang nangyayaring pagpapaalis sa mga bahay ay para lamang makapanakot, ngunit nakikita nilang patuloy ang ebakwasyon. Dumating din ang mga opisyal ng Khmer Rouge at kinuha ang mga motorsiklo doon. Bago muling makatulog, tinanong ni Sudath kung kailan sila uuwi.
179. 179. Bahagi ng Pagtatalakay
180. 180. Ang Mabuhay Ka Anak Ko ay tunay na salamin ng ating mga buhay at ng kung ano ang tunay na nangyayari sa ating kapanahunan. Pinatutunayan lamang nito na ang literatura ang siyang mainam na susi upang ating maisiwalat ang mga pangyayaring nagaganap sa ating lipunan, pamahalaan, pulitika at maging ang mga natatanging kababalaghan sa ating sistema.tunay ngang Ang digmaan ay walang idudulot na buti bagkus ay pighati't kasalatan.
181. 181. Ang kawalan ng pagkakaisa ang siyang dahilan ng pagkakaroon ng di pagkakaunawaan na nagbubunga ng sigalutan sa pagitan ng dalawang di magkasundong pilosopiya. Dapat tandaan ng sinuman na ang pagbabago ay di nagsisimula nang malakihan kundi nang dahan-dahan.
182. 182. Dahilan ng Pamagat
183. 183. Sa kasagsagan ng digmaan ay ginawa nila ang lahat ng paraan upang mabuhay. Sa pamilya ng may akda ang natira lamang ay ang kanyang asawa, siya, at ang natitirang anak, si Nawath.Nagkaroon ng malubhang sakit si Nawath at dinala sa Hospital. Nasabi ng may akda sa kanyang anak, si Nawath na "Stay alive my son"(Mabuhay ka anak ko) bago tumakas upang tumungo sa hangganan ng Thailand.
184. 184. Nabatid kong Napatunayan kong Ikinalulungkot kong. Ikinatuwa ko ang Naniniwala akong
185. 185. ar sakun Thank you