Pakistan

A Presentation by:

Adnan AhmadVisiting PhD student from HEC Pakistan

Working Under Supervision of Dr. Laura TomassoliThe Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Rome, Italy

Agriculture in Pakistan

Pak-China Economic Corridor

Gawadar

Independence: August 14, 1947Religion: Islam (97% Muslims)Capital: IslamabadType of Government: Parliamentary DemocracyPopulation: About 20 Billion (Rough estimate) Area: 310,404 square milesNational Language: UrduRegional Languages: Punjabi, Sindhi, balochi & PashtoUnit of Currency: Pakistani Rupee Major Crops: Wheat, Rice, cotton, Sugar cane,

Mize, Grams, pulses etc.

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan

6th largest democratic nation in the world 1st Islamic and World’s 7th Nuclear Atomic Power of the World. 4th country to have Drone technology. F-J Thunder 17 superior on F-17 (Pak-China). 6th Largest Standing army in the World. ISI stands on top in world. 2nd Largest Salt mine in the World Khewra with 3,00,000 ton/annum. 7th largest pool of scientists and engineers. 5th Largest Gold and Copper deposit in the World is in Rekodek. SUPARCO, Domestic satellite systems. 132 UNIVERSATIES, 3213 ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGES Male Literacy = 69 %, Female Literacy = 45 %




6th largest democratic nation in the world 1st Islamic and World’s 7th Nuclear Atomic Power of the World. 4th country to have Drone technology. JF-17 Thunder superior on F-16 (Pak-China). 6th Largest army in the World. ISI stands on top in world. 2nd Largest Salt mine in the World Khewra with 3,00,000 ton/annum. 7th largest pool of scientists and engineers. 5th Largest Gold and Copper deposit in the World is in Rekodek. SUPARCO, Domestic satellite systems. 132 UNIVERSATIES, 3213 ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGES Male Literacy = 69 %, Female Literacy = 45 %


6th largest democratic nation in the world 1st Islamic and World’s 7th Nuclear Atomic Power of the World. 4th country to have Drone technology. JF-17 Thunder superior on F-16 (Pak-China). 6th Largest Standing army in the World. ISI stands on top in world. 2nd Largest Salt mine in the World Khewra with 3,00,000 ton/annum. 7th largest pool of scientists and engineers. 5th Largest Gold and Copper deposit in the World is in Rekodek. SUPARCO, Domestic satellite systems. 132 UNIVERSATIES, 3213 ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGES Male Literacy = 69 %, Female Literacy = 45 %




Islamabad

Lahore

Karachi

Punjab• Languages: Urdu, Punjabi, Saraiki• Major cities are Lahore (Capital),

Rawalpindi, Faisalabad, Multan and Bahawalpur.

• 56% of the country's total population.• Main cultural, historical, administrative and

economic center.• wheat, cotton and rice, mango, tobacco,

pulses, maize, gram etc.• Industries, Productive lands• Educational institutes• Major part in GDP• Well developed • 5 rivers, Dams, Barrages, Canals

Sindh• Languages: Urdu, Sindhi• Major cities are Karachi (Capital/Ex-Capital)

Nawabshah, Sakhar, Baddin Khairpur, Nausharo Faroz, Mirpur Khas, Larkana

• Geographically it is the third largest province of Pakistan

• It is hot in the summer and mild in winter.• Asia's Largest hot pepper market, Kuneri• 2nd largest supplier of agricultural products• wheat, rice, cotton and sugar cane.• Sindh produces 35% of rice, 28% of sugar

cane, 20% of cotton and 12% of wheat of the total production.

• Fruits. Mangoes, bananas, dates, guavas and citrus

KPK (Khyber Pakhtoon Khwah)• Languages: Urdu, Pashto• Major cities are Peshawer (Capital),

Mardan, Swabi, • Previously known as the North-West Frontier

Province• The main ethnic group in the province is

the Pashtuns• Most beautiful province• wheat, maize and oilseeds are grown here.

Tobacco and sugar cane are the chief cash crops

Baluchistan• Languages: Urdu, Balochi, Pashto, Sindhi,

Brahui• Major cities are Queta (Capital), Chaman

Gwadar Khuzdar Ziarat• The largest province (by area) of Pakistan• Scarcely populated• Rich in natural resources.• Natural gas, Coal,Gold, Copper etc.• Famous in dates production. 80%• Apples, Cherries, Almonds, Apricot

Pomegranates, Grapes, Peach, Olives, Plum

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto_language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahui_language

Climate of Pakistan• As Pakistan is located on • north of the tropic of cancer, • Continental type of climate• Extreme variations of

temperature, both seasonally and daily.

• Very high altitudes modify the climate in the cold, snow-covered northern mountains.

• Whereas most regions have very hot days in summers & very cold in winters.

• Pakistan lies in moonson region & frequent rainfalls & storms occur during the season causing large scale destruction every year.

SeasonsWinter: Dec-

FebSpring: Mar-

MaySummer: Jun-

SepAutumn: Oct-

Nov

Rivers

Foods

Fames of Pakistan

Agriculture in Pakistan

Major Wheat Diseases in Pakistan

1. RUSTS A. Stem rustB. Leaf rustC. Stripe rust

2. LOOSE SMUT3. KARNAL BUNT

Diseases Years Loss (M Rs)Wheat Rusts 1960’s 67

Leaf Rust 1978 2580

Complete Bunt 1960’s 11

Partial Bunt 1960’s 3

Loose Smut 1960’s 26

Yellow rust 1994 270

Management ActivitiesPathogen Monitoring

I. Distribution and Prevalenceii. Pathotype/ virulence

analysis• Resistance Development

I. Identification of sourcesii. Incorporation and

deploymentiii. Genetic analysis

COORDINATED WHEAT

PROGRAMME INTERNATIONAL CENTRES

- CIMMYT- ICARDA

PROVINCIAL AND FEDERAL BREEDERS

PRELIMINARY & ADVANCE TESTING

CANDIDATE VARIETY RELEASED/

RECOMMENDED FOR DIFFERENT ECOLOGIES

RECOMMENDATIONS TO VARIETY EVALUATION

COMMITTEE (VEC)

DATA ANALYSES & COMPILATION

BEST LINES SELECTED

NWDSN (CDRI)

FSC & RD

QUALITYNUYT

DISEASE(CDRI)

ADAPTATION

FARMER

SEED AGENCIES

- MATERIAL DEVELOPED THROUGH HYBRIDIZATION - TESTING OF INTERNATIONAL MATERIAL

National Wheat Improvement Programme

Current Status of wheat rusts in Pakistan

Newly wheat varieties Pirsbak-2013, Lillema-13, Shahkar-2013, Dharabi-13, Pakistan-13 Benazir-2013 were found highly resistant to yellow rust

Galaxy-13 the newly released wheat showed ineffectiveness after releaseSome candidate lines were in the pipeline for releasing as a wheat variety in Pakistan found highly resistant to yellow rust in screening nurseries as well as other sitFuture Challenges

Local Scenario Domestic Climatic Changes Narrowing of Wheat Season (Sowing and Harvesting) High Price of Cotton and Rice Non Availability of Certified Seed Continuous sowing of susceptible varieties

International Information Sharing Use of similar germplasm across borders

Major Diseases of Sugarcane in Pakistan

1. POKKAH BOENG (Fusarium moniliforme) Sheldon2. LEAF SPOT (Helminthosporium spp.)3. Red Rot4. SUGARCANE MOSAIC VIRUS (SCMV, Potyvirus group)MINOR DISEASES• Chlorotic Streak Virus, Ratoon Stunting, Yellow Spot, Red Stripe, Rust,

Genetic Variegation Of Leaf And Sheath.

Diseases of mango in Pakistan

• Powdery mildew (Oidium mangiferae), • Sooty mould (Capnodium romasum or Tripospermum acorium).• Fruit rot (Aspergillus niger).• Leaf blight (Pestaloptiopsis mangiferae).• Anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata-Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).• Stem blight or die back (Diplodia spp.).• Root rot (Rhizoctinia and Fusarium species) and tip die back (Fusarium equiseta,

Alternaria alternate, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus nigricans) are recorded as fungal diseases.

• Bacterial leaf spot (Erwinia mangifera); and malformation of mango inflorescence (the actual cause is still not confirmed) are reported from Pakistan.

• No information regarding the extent of damage to the plant is available, but some of these are certainly responsible for causing considerable damage and become a limiting factor in many mango-growing areas.

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease• Epidemic in 1992, loses 5 billion US dollars.• Cause: Begomovirus and a DNA satellite molecule. • High variability. Resistant breaking.• spread by Bemisia tabaci (whitefly).• Environmental factors also affect. • High humidity and optimum temperature favours

the vector population• Cotton research institute multan.• CLCuD has been reported in Pakistan, India, Egypt,

Nigeria, Tanzania and Sudan• Cotton leaf curl Multan, Burewala, Alaabad

Khokhran, Rajasthan virus.

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV)

• Virus: bunchy top virus (babuvbanana virus)• Annual losses in Pakistan about 5 milion USD.• Widespread in southeast asia, the philippines, taiwan, most of the south

pacific islands, and parts of pakistan, india and africa. • Dark green dot-dash flecks along leaf veins• Emerging leaves become bunched• Plants stunted• Spread in infected plant parts and by aphids

Other Diseases

• Potato and tomato bligts• PVX, PVY, PVV• Vegetables• CMV, ChiVMV, PMMoV, PVMV.• Rice Blast.• Melodogyne spp, Tyleculus spp.• Bio Control is not very popular in Pakistan

Thank YouQuestions are Welcome