Pakistan Status of S & T in Pakistan

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Tariq Bashir Tariq Bashir Pakistan Council for Science and TechnologyPakistan Council for Science and Technology

IslamabadIslamabad

November 8, 2006November 8, 2006

Status of Status of Science and TechnologyScience and Technologyin Pakistanin Pakistan



2

Over view

System of S&T Governance

Status of S&T Development and S&T Statistical Indicator s

Current S&T Policy Initiatives



3

Over view of S&T GovernanceSystem in Pakistan

PrimeMinister

National AssemblyStanding

Committee on S&T

Senate StandingCommittee on S,T &

Education

Minister forS&T

OtherMinisters*

PMSecretariat

NationalCommission for

S&T

Ministry ofS&T

*RelatedMinistries

PAECHEC

Pakistan Councilfor S&T

* Ministries of IT & Telecom., Agriculture, Education, Industries, Health etc.

S&T / R&D Organizations



4

National Commission for Science andNational Commission for Science and

Technology (N

CST)Technology (N

CST) Constituted in 1984

Apex body on S&T matter s headed by PM

27 member s PCST is Secretar iat of NCST

Acceleration of scientif ic and technological capacity

building for rapid and sustainable economic growth

Consideration of major programmes of S&T sector

and establish guidelines

Coordination of inter-minister ial and inter-provincial

S&T programmes

Details



5

Status of S&T

Development and S&TStatistical Indicators



6

Status of S&T Development and S&TStatus of S&T Development and S&TStatistical IndicatorsStatistical Indicators

S&T Development in Histor icalPer spective

S&T Manpower

R&D Expenditure

Information Technology



7

S&T Development in HistoricalS&T Development in HistoricalPerspectivePerspective

At the Time of Independence in 1947:

Meager Human and Financial Resources

Poor Infrastr ucture* Only 4 Laborator ies

Two Univer sities

One Agr icultural College

* Excludes East Pakistan



S&T Development in Historical PerspectiveS&T Development in Historical Perspective«..2«..2

At Present:

Independent Ministr ies for: Science and Technology

Information Technology and Telecommunications

Higher Education Commission

85 Major S&T Organizations with 228 researchinstitutes / centres / labs etc.

114 Univer sities / Degree Awarding Institutes including: 11 Engineer ing and Technology Univer sities

6 Agr icultural Univer sities

7 Medical Univer sities



9

Growth of Higher Education Institutions inGrowth of Higher Education Institutions inPakistanPakistan

0

0

40

60

80

100

1 0

1947 1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 001 006

No of HEIs

ota

Pu ic

Private

Source: HEC



10

S&T Manpower S&T Manpower

3098

7 61 8659

405

6 148

3643

0

10000

0000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

Re ear er Te n an an

va en S a

O er S ppor n

S a

To a Fe a e

Source: PCST



11

Growth of PhDs in PakistanGrowth of PhDs in Pakistan

2

22

2

2

2

2 2 2

Source: PCST



12

Researchers by Level of QualificationResearchers by Level of Qualification

5546

83

4714

499

649

18500

444 407 37

0

5000

10000

15000

0000

5000

h an uivalent Masters an achelor Others

otal overn ent i her ucation

Source: PCST



13

Number of Researchers by ield of ScienceNumber of Researchers by ield of Science

0

1000

000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Na ural

Sciences

n ech Medical

Sciences

A ricul ural

Sciences

Social

Sciences

uman i ies

o al overnmen i her duca ion

Source: PCST



14

Percent of Total Researchers Working inPercent of Total Researchers Working inHigher Education and Public Sector R&DHigher Education and Public Sector R&D

OrganizationsOrganizations

Higher

Education

75 05%

overn ent4 95%

Source: PCST



15

Researchers by ield of Science inResearchers by ield of Science inHigher EducationHigher Education

Natural

Sciences

4%

Engineering

and

echnology

17%

Medical

Sciences

0%

Agricultural

Sciences

8%

Social

Sciences

17%

Hu antities

14%

Source: PCST



16

Researchers by ield of Science inResearchers by ield of Science inPublic Sector OrganizationsPublic Sector Organizations

Natural

Sciences

19%

ngineeringand

echnology

19%

Medical

Sciences

6%

Agricultural

Sciences

50%

Social

Sciences

%

u antities

4%

Source: PCST



17

R&D ExpenditureR&D Expenditure

2

- - - -2

2 -- - - - - - -

2

-

2

-2

2

2 -

2

-

2

-

2

-

Rs Mi i n

Source: PCST



18

R&D Expenditure as Percent of GDPR&D Expenditure as Percent of GDP

2

- - - -2

2 -- - - - - - -

2

-

2

-2

2

2 -

2

-

2

-

2

-

Percent

Source: PCST



19

Share of Different unding Sources inShare of Different unding Sources inTotal R&D ExpenditureTotal R&D Expenditure

overn ent

74 34%

nternational

Research

rants

0 69%

igher

Education

3 47%

Not

Distri uted

1 50%

Source: PCST



20

FieldField Wise Expenditure of Wise Expenditure of R&D OrganizationsR&D Organizations

Ot ers

%Defence cience

and ec nolog

2 %

griculture,

ivestock and

Fis eries

%

& ervices

2 2 %Engineering and

ec nolog

2%

ndustrial

Researc

%

Forestr

%

ealt

2 %

Eart ciences

%

Source: PCST



21

FieldField Wise Expenditure of Wise Expenditure of Higher Education InstitutionsHigher Education Institutions

gricultural

Universities

%

Engineering

Universities

2 %

Medical

Universities

2 %

eneral

Universities

%

Source: PCST



22

Information TechnologyInformation Technology

Number of IT companies 675 (Registered PSEBMember s)

Number of companies ISO-cer tif ied 100 companies

Number of foreign IT & Telecomcompanies working in Pakistan

60

Industr y size ± (according to apreliminar y study under taken by PSEB)

US$ 2 Billion (WTOPrescr ibed formula)

IT and IT-enabled services expor t in

year 2005-2006

US$ 72.21 Million

Growth in expor ts over the last oneyear

56%

Expor t targets for the current f iscalyear 2005-2006

US$ 108 Million

Source: PSEB



23

Information TechnologyInformation Technology««2««2

Number of IT graduates produced per

year

About 20,000

Number of univer sities offer ing IT / CS

programs

110

Number of IT professionals engaged

in expor t or iented activities (Sof tware

development / Call centres etc.)

More than 10,000

Total number of IT professionals employed in the countr y

90,000

Total IT spending in f iscal year 2005-

2006

US$ 1.4 Billion

Source: PSEB



24

Increase in OperativeIncrease in Operative

BandwidthBandwidthMbps U $

Decrease in Price of Decrease in Price of

the Bandwidththe Bandwidth



25

Spread of Internet Ser vices in PakistanSpread of Internet Ser vices in Pakistan

Nume r of

oca ities



26

Growth of Internet sers in PakistanGrowth of Internet sers in Pakistan

2

2

2 2 2 2 2

Mi ion



27

Current S&T Policy

Initiatives



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Main reas of Current InitiativesMain reas of Current Initiatives

Programme reasProgramme reasNo of No of

ProjectsProjectsmount llocatedmount llocated

(Rs million)(Rs million)

Human Resource DevelopmentHuman Resource Development 162162 9602.649602.64

Upgradation of R&D Infrastr uctureUpgradation of R&D Infrastr uctureand Launching of R&Dand Launching of R&DProgrammesProgrammes

114114 3932.073932.07

Technology Development andTechnology Development andIndustr ializationIndustr ialization

6666 2638.362638.36

Strengthening of Policy,Strengthening of Policy,

Coordination and Management Coordination and Management Str uctureStr ucture 1111 80.5180.51

Information TechnologyInformation Technology 8383 2638.812638.81

TotalTotal 2.2.

*Estimate of PSDP for the f inancial year 2006-07



29

Human Resource DevelopmentHuman Resource Development

Indigenous PhD ProgrammeIndigenous PhD Programme

Mer it Scholar ship Scheme for PhD in S&Mer it Scholar ship Scheme for PhD in S&

Split PhD ProgrammeSplit PhD Programme

PostPost--Doctoral Fellowship ProgrammeDoctoral Fellowship Programme

Foreign Scholar ships for PhD

Teacher s and Researcher s Over seas Scholar ship Scheme(200 scholar ships per year )

PhD Scholar ships in Natural and Basic Sciences, China(50 scholar ships)

PhD Scholar ships in Engineer ing Sciences, China(40 scholar ships)

PhD Scholar ships for Engineer ing, Sciences and Technology, Austr ia (40 scholar ships)

PhD Scholar ships in Natural and Basic Sciences, France

(40 scholar ships)



30

Human Resource DevelopmentHuman Resource Development««2««2

PhD Scholar ships in Engineer ing and S&T, Germany (40 scholar ships)

MS / MPhil leading to PhD in Engineer ing, Natural and BasicSciences, Humanities, Social Sciences for Teacher s of Weaker Univer sities (100 scholar ships)

Availing Services of Expatr iate Pakistani Scientists and Availing Services of Expatr iate Pakistani Scientists and

Engineer s and Foreign AcademiciansEngineer s and Foreign Academicians Curr iculum Development at Graduate and PostCurr iculum Development at Graduate and Post--graduate Levegraduate Leve

Strengthening of Polytechnics (Introduction of NewStrengthening of Polytechnics (Introduction of NewTechnologies / Trades in 6 Selected Institutions)Technologies / Trades in 6 Selected Institutions)

Training of Laborator y TechniciansTraining of Laborator y Technicians Par ticipation of Scientists and Technologists in InternationalPar ticipation of Scientists and Technologists in International

Conferences, Seminar s etc.Conferences, Seminar s etc.

Special S&T AllowanceSpecial S&T Allowance

Research Productivity AllowanceResearch Productivity Allowance



31

UpUp Gradation of R&D InfrastructureGradation of R&D Infrastructureand Launching of R&D Programmesand Launching of R&D Programmes

Peer Review of R&D OrganizationsPeer Review of R&D Organizations

Restr uctur ing of R&D OrganizationsRestr uctur ing of R&D Organizations

Increase in the Recurr ing Budget of R&DIncrease in the Recurr ing Budget of R&Dorganizationsorganizations

Repair and Maintenance of Laborator y EquipmentRepair and Maintenance of Laborator y Equipment

National Science Librar iesNational Science Librar ies

Establishment of Endowment Funds for Engineer ingEstablishment of Endowment Funds for Engineer ingUniver sitiesUniver sities

Suppor t for Scientif ic SocietiesSuppor t for Scientif ic Societies

R&D Programmes in Pr ior ity Areas R&D Programmes in Pr ior ity Areas



32

Technology Development andTechnology Development andIndustrializationIndustrialization

Pakistan Technology BoardPakistan Technology Board

Technology Development FundTechnology Development Fund

Venture Capital FundVenture Capital Fund

Technology Cluster Centres Technology Cluster Centres Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Author ityPakistan Standards and Quality Control Author ity

Establishment of Pakistan National AccreditationEstablishment of Pakistan National AccreditationCouncilCouncil

Crash Awareness Raising and Training Programme inCrash Awareness Raising and Training Programme inQuality ManagementQuality Management

Industr ial Analytical CentresIndustr ial Analytical Centres

Science and Technology for Economic DevelopmentScience and Technology for Economic Development



33

Strengthening of Policy CoordinationStrengthening of Policy Coordinationand Management Structureand Management Structure

Strengthening of MoST and PCSTStrengthening of MoST and PCST

Improving Provincial CoordinationImproving Provincial Coordination Enhancing International CooperationEnhancing International Cooperation



34

Information TechnologyInformation Technology

Human Resource Development Human Resource Development

Enabling Measures Enabling Measures

EE--Government Government

Industr y Suppor tIndustr y Suppor t

Policy Initiatives to Encourage Foreign Direct Policy Initiatives to Encourage Foreign Direct Investment Investment



35

Human Resource DevelopmentHuman Resource Development

Seven new IT univer sities Seven new IT univer sities Vir tual Univer sity has beenVir tual Univer sity has been

Funding public sector degreeFunding public sector degree--awarding institutes toawarding institutes toincrease the intake of Bachelor s and Master s in ITincrease the intake of Bachelor s and Master s in IT

Faculty of international caliber invited to join localFaculty of international caliber invited to join localuniver sitiesuniver sities

Large number of scholar ships for Bachelor s andLarge number of scholar ships for Bachelor s andMaster sMaster s

Promotion of IT education at school and college levelPromotion of IT education at school and college level

Shor t training in basic IT education, in MedicalShor t training in basic IT education, in MedicalTranscr iption, Cisco and Legal Transcr iptionTranscr iption, Cisco and Legal Transcr iption

Projects for training high level IT professionals (PhDs) Projects for training high level IT professionals (PhDs)

National Testing Service similar to GRE and S AT National Testing Service similar to GRE and S AT



36

Enabling MeasuresEnabling Measures

IT Law: facilitate eIT Law: facilitate e--commerce and provides a legalcommerce and provides a legalcover to oncover to on--line transactions requir ing digitalline transactions requir ing digitalsignature and authenticationsignature and authentication

Accreditation of IT Education: suppor ted by an Accreditation of IT Education: suppor ted by anOrdinanceOrdinance



37

EE GovernmentGovernment

The web por tal for the Government of Pakistan, webThe web por tal for the Government of Pakistan, websites of 34 Federal Ministr ies / Divisions and 3 specialsites of 34 Federal Ministr ies / Divisions and 3 specialpurpose websites developedpurpose websites developed

Off ice Automation of Government Ministr ies Off ice Automation of Government Ministr ies

Automation of Salar y withdrawal of Federal Automation of Salar y withdrawal of FederalEmployees from ATMs Employees from ATMs

The automation of the Distr ict Governments (2 modelThe automation of the Distr ict Governments (2 modeldistr icts in each of the 4 provinces and Azad Jammu distr icts in each of the 4 provinces and Azad Jammu

& Kashmir )& Kashmir )

Internal Email and Mail Tracking system for improvingInternal Email and Mail Tracking system for improvingthe accountability of action handling and speeding upthe accountability of action handling and speeding upintraintra--minister ial communicationminister ial communication



38

Industry SupportIndustry Support

Quality Standards: subsidize to IT companies inQuality Standards: subsidize to IT companies inprepar ing for cer tif ications for ISO 9001 and CMMprepar ing for cer tif ications for ISO 9001 and CMM

Assistance to local IT companies in international Assistance to local IT companies in internationalmarketingmarketing

Assistance in execution of business plans for domestic Assistance in execution of business plans for domesticmarketing (remove bottlenecks, and organize local IT marketing (remove bottlenecks, and organize local IT events and exhibitions)events and exhibitions)

An information centre for IT industr y with an up An information centre for IT industr y with an up--toto--datedate

librar y in major citieslibrar y in major cities Industr ial Automation programmeIndustr ial Automation programme

Measures to increase investment in IT industr y (IT Measures to increase investment in IT industr y (IT infrastr ucture, education, medical & legal transcr iption,infrastr ucture, education, medical & legal transcr iption,

IT call centres and wireless communications)IT call centres and wireless communications)



39

Policy Incentives to Encourage FDIPolicy Incentives to Encourage FDI

Reduction in bandwidth rates from US$ 43,500 per Reduction in bandwidth rates from US$ 43,500 per month per Mbps to US$ 2,000 per month per Mbpsmonth per Mbps to US$ 2,000 per month per Mbps

1515--year income tax exemption for IT companiesyear income tax exemption for IT companies

Income tax rebate of 50% on income of IT Income tax rebate of 50% on income of IT

professionalsprofessionals Sof tware expor ting companies are allowed to retainSof tware expor ting companies are allowed to retain

35% of their earnings in foreign currency accounts35% of their earnings in foreign currency accounts

Reduction in royalties charged on PayphoneReduction in royalties charged on Payphone

companies from 4% to 1.5% and ISPs from 1.5% tocompanies from 4% to 1.5% and ISPs from 1.5% to0.66%0.66%

ISPs intending to star t business in the province of ISPs intending to star t business in the province of Balochistan get a reduction of 50% in their license feeBalochistan get a reduction of 50% in their license fee

for 5 year sfor 5 year s



40

Policy Incentives to Encourage FDIPolicy Incentives to Encourage FDI«««2«««2

Zero percent impor t duty on computer s and computer Zero percent impor t duty on computer s and computer par tspar ts

Full repatr iation allowed for capital gains, dividends Full repatr iation allowed for capital gains, dividends and prof itsand prof its

Processing per iod for license applications in theProcessing per iod for license applications in thederegulated sector reduced from 12 months to 7 days deregulated sector reduced from 12 months to 7 days onlyonly

Tax relief for f ir st year allowance @ 90% of machiner y Tax relief for f ir st year allowance @ 90% of machiner y

cost (50% on equipment for IT services)cost (50% on equipment for IT services) SevenSeven--year income tax holiday to Ventureyear income tax holiday to Venture--CapitalCapital

FundsFunds

Deregulation of several f inancially attractive IT andDeregulation of several f inancially attractive IT and

telecom valuetelecom value--added servicesadded services



41

BiotechnologyBiotechnology

Thrust reas of Biotechnology PolicyThrust reas of Biotechnology Policy Human Resource Development Human Resource Development

Research and Development Research and Development

Mar ine Biotechnology Mar ine Biotechnology

Industr ial Biotechnology Industr ial Biotechnology

HealthHealth

Agr iculture Agr iculture

Environment Environment Bioinformatics Bioinformatics

Public Awareness Public Awareness

IPR and Ethical ConsiderationsIPR and Ethical Considerations



Thank YouThank You



43

Composition of NCST

Chairman Pr ime Minister of PakistanVice Chairman Minister for S&TMember/Secretar y Chairman, PCST

Minister for Finance

Minister for Agriculture

Minister for Industries

Minister for Education

Provincial Ministers for S&T (4)

Deputy Chairman, PlanningCommission

Secretary, S&TR Division Secretary, IT&Telecom Division

Secretary, Ministry of Education

President, Pakistan Academy of Sciences

Chairman, Pakistan Engineering

Council

Chairman, Higher EducationCommission

Chairman, Pakistan Atomic EnergyCommission

Chairman, Pakistan Council forScientific and Industrial Research

Chairman, Pakistan AgriculturalResearch Council

President, Federation of PakistanChambers of Commerce & Industry

Scientists/Technologists nominatedby Prime Minister (3)

Industrialists nominated by PrimeMinister (2)

Other Members

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Pakistan Status of S & T in Pakistan