with Paul StaceyAssociate Director of Global Learning

Creative Commons Except where otherwise noted these materials are licensed Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY)

Open Freedoms / Open Practices

Open practices are being adoptedacross many facets of society –

including education.

Open practices bring with them a set of freedoms.

Who is using those freedoms?

Software is free software if people who receive a copy of the software have the following four freedoms:

•The freedom to run the program for any purpose.•The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make it do what you wish.•The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor.•The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements (and modified versions in general) to the public, so that the whole community benefits.

Richard Stallman: Free Software and Your Freedom by Kenneth Pinto CC BY-NC

Free software is a matter of liberty, not price.

Think free speech, not free beer.

EFF Free Speech Icon CC BY FREE BEER version 3.2, St Austell by mikael CC BY

free by Gisela Giardino CC BY-SA OPEN by Matt Katzenberger CC BY-NC-SA

From Free To Open

• Social activism and freedom focus of the free software movement did not appeal to most companies

• Rebranded as open source software to emphasize the business potential of sharing and collaborating on software code

• Definition of open source shifted from freedoms to expressing the conditions that must be met for something to be considered open source software

Openness in Education

What freedoms?

Who is using those freedoms?

Open Access

Public Domain Dedication

Licenses

Freedoms/Permissions

http://www.opengovpartnership.org

Openness in Government

In 2013 piloting five thematic working groups, each co-led by at least one civil society organization and at least one OGP government:

1.Fiscal Openness – Led by the Global Initiative on Fiscal Transparency (GIFT) and the Governments of Brazil and Philippines.2.Open Data - Led by the Global Open Data Initiative (GODI) and the Government of Canada.3.Legislative Openness - Led by the National Democratic Institute (NDI) and the Government of Chile.4.Access to Information - Led by the Government of Mexico through the Federal  Institute for Access to Information and Data Protection (IFAI) and the Alianza Regional Por La Libre Expresión e Información (Regional Alliance for Freedom of Expression and Information). 5.Extractives - Led by Revenue Watch Institute (RWI) and the Government of Ghana

http://www.openeducationeuropa.eu

• Openly license education resources• Partnerships among creators -

teachers, publishers, ICT companies• New business models

• Educational materials developed with public funds are made available under open licenses

• Promote and use OER to widen access to higher education for non-traditional learners

• Introduce open educational practice into every part of the university

• Establish universities and students as co-creators of OER materials in an OEP environment

http://www.thinkwales.ac.uk/pdf/OER%20Declaration%20of%20Intent%20-%20Sept%202013.pdf

• 9-Sep-2013 California Community Colleges Board of Governors votes unanimously to require open licensing on publicly funded materials resulting from all Chancellor’s Office contracts and grants.

• With 72 districts and 112 colleges, the California Community Colleges is the largest system of higher education in the world to now require a CC BY license on its publicly funded grant materials.

http://creativecommons.org/weblog/page/2

Open PolicyPublic funds should

result in a public good.

• Funded by the US Department of Labor• $2 billion over 4 years• All courseware openly licensed (CC BY)

TAACCCTTrade Adjustment Assistance Community College & Career Training

http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/38818

http://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/NSERC-CRSNG/policies-politiques/Tri-OA-Policy-Politique-LA-Trois_eng.asp

Open Access

Open Data Sharing

http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0018657

http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/10/10/scientists-threatenedbydemandstosharedata.html

Policy Complements Practice

http://wiki.creativecommons.org/OER_Policy_Registry

Open practices are being adoptedacross many facets of society –

including education.

Freedoms being used by government,organizations, institutions, faculty.

But why not students?

• In the analog era writers, performers, publishers, and broadcasters were the primary cultural producers. The digital era has placed tools of creation in the hands of all users making everyone creators of cultural work.

• Free culture aims to ensure users control their own creative process and actively create culture. Non-free culture is under the control of someone else. Free culture liberates creative processes giving individuals more control. Free culture empowers individual creation, democratizes culture, and ensures we all have the freedom to create and participate in culture.

Compare with Free Culture

http://openglam.org/

“Galleries, libraries, archives and museums have a fundamental role in supporting the advance of humanity’s knowledge. They are the custodians of our cultural heritage and in their collections they hold the record of humankind. The internet presents cultural heritage institutions with an unprecedented opportunity to engage global audiences and make their collections more discoverable and connected than ever, allowing users not only to enjoy the riches of the world’s memory institutions, but also to contribute, participate and share. The first step to make a collection open is to apply an open license, but that is where the story begins. Openness to collaboration and to novel forms of user engagement are essential if cultural heritage institutions are to realise the full potential of the internet for access, innovation and digital scholarship.”

http://openglam.org/principles/

“In today’s society, individuals often collaborate in producing cultural content, knowledge and other information, as well as physical goods. In some cases, these individuals share the results and products, the means, methods and experience gained from this collaboration as a resource for further development; this phenomenon is referred to as commons-based peer production.”

Peter Troxler in Libraries of the Peer Production Era

Commons-Based Peer Production

Hatsune Miku – World’s First Crowdsourced Celebrity

Futuristic-looking cartoon character "born" in 2007 as a mascot for Crypton Future Media's Hatsune Maku synthetic voice software. Allows users to make music with a synthetic singer based on the voice of a Japanese actress.

Hatsune Miku is the first and most famous virtual singer. Crypton adopted a Creative Commons CC BY-NC license. 1 million derivative artworks produced, 100,000+ fan-produced songs, and over 170,000 YouTube videos. Performs live sold-out shows (Hong Kong, LA, …) where she sings fan-produced songs as a 3D image (looks 3D but is actually a 2D projection on a curved glass screen).

http://youtu.be/rL5YKZ9ecpg

Open StreetMap

1 million registered users, who collect data using GPS devices, aerial photography, and other free sources. Data uploaded and used to generate maps (CC BY-SA). Data made available under an open data license.

http://www.openstreetmap.org/

http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/293573191/open-goldberg-variations-setting-bach-free?ref=live

MuseScorehttp://musescore.org/

http://musescore.com/

Create, edit, playback, and print musical scores. Free open source software.

Publish and share music scores on-line.Option to open license.

India Biodiversity

http://indiabiodiversity.org/ http://indiabiodiversity.org/chart/show

http://opendesignnow.org/

Open Design

“The concepts of open design – the collaborative creation of artefacts by a dispersed group of otherwise unrelated individuals – and of individualized production – the direct digital manufacture of goods at the point of use – at first sound like something from a utopian science fiction film. And yet, here we are. We can now easily download designs from the internet, alter them at will to suit our own needs and then produce perfect products at the push of a button. Magic.” Paul Atkinson

https://www.opendesk.cc/

http://n-e-r-v-o-u-s.com/

http://www.thingiverse.com

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:165198

Where are comparable education examples?

Why are students doing disposableassignments* when they could beco-creating a global public good?

Why not a commons-basedpeer production model of education?

Open practices, and correspondingfreedoms have massive pedagogy potential!

*What is Open Pedagogy? http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2975

“The air and oceans, the web of species, wilderness and flowing water – all are part of the commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, … Some parts of the commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such as the Internet; others as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”

Part 1: The Commons as a New Paradigm

Part 2: Capitalism, Enclosure and Resistance

Part 3: Commoning a Social Innovation of our Time

Part 4: Knowledge Commons for Social Change

Part 5: Envisioning a Commons-Based Policy and Production Framework

more than a

http://www.shareable.net

https://opensource.com/education/13/5/sharing-higher-ed

http://www.shareable.net/blog/is-seoul-the-next-great-sharing-city

“Shareable U. It’s part campus sustainability, part new economics, part DIY, and part open education. What brings all these movements together on campus is a desire to create more value for less money via increased collaboration between people, departments, institutions, and communities.”

“The goal of the Sharing City is to create jobs and increase incomes, address environmental issues, reduce unnecessary consumption and waste, and recover trust-based relationships between people.

With more than 10 million people living within 234 square miles, Seoul is in a good position to demonstrate the benefits of tech-enabled sharing.”

Paul StaceyCreative Commons

web site: http://creativecommons.org e-mail: pstacey@creativecommons.orgblog: http://edtechfrontier.com

presentation slides: http://www.slideshare.net/Paul_Stacey

Q&A