Metals and Non-metals

Done by: Mohit Raj Bhurat

Class: IX ‘A’ Alpine Public School

ElementsA element is a chemical substance consisting of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei. 118 elements have been identified, of which the first 98 occur naturally on Earth and other 20 are artificially made.

Classification of elements Elements can be classified mainly

into three types :-a. Metals b. Non-metalsc. Metalloids

Physical properties of metals

A Metal is a material that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity .There are 88 metals in the periodic table.

Properties of metalsMetals are Lustrous. This means they are shiny (mostly when freshly cut).Thus metals are used in making jewelery.

Properties of metalsMetals are Malleable i.e. they can be beating into thin sheets .This can be used for making curve shapes like car fenders, fans etc.

Properties of metalsMetals are Ductile this means that metals can be drawn into wires. This property is used for soldering wire, chains, electric wires etc.

Properties of metals Metals are very good conductors of heat .This property helps in making cooking vessels etc.

Properties of metalsMetals are very good conductors of electricity. They are used in making electric wires and cables.

Properties of metalsMetals are generally hard*. Used for making many machinery, building etc.

*Exception: lithium, sodium, potassium

Properties of metalsThey are sonorous. This means they produce a ringing sound when hit. This property allows it to be used for making bells.

Properties of metalsThey have high melting point *. Used in places where there is exposure to high temperature.

*Exception: lithium, sodium, potassium

Properties of metalsHave high density*. This means that the weight per unit volume is high.

*Exception: alkalis (Sodium, Potassium, Lithium, Cesium, Francium )

Properties of metalsMetals are usually in solid state* .

*Exception: Mercury, Gallium, Cesium.

Physical Properties of non-metals

 Non-metals tend to be highly volatile (easily vaporized), have low elasticity and are good insulators of heat and electricity. 17 elements are generally classified as nonmetals.

Properties of non-metalsNon-metals aren’t lustrous*.which means they are dull.

*Exception: Iodine, carbon (Diamond).

Properties of non-metals

Non–metals are brittle* . They break easily. So they aren’t Malleable and Ductile.

*Exception: Carbon (Diamond).

Properties of non-metals

They don't conduct heat. This helps in making handles for cooking vessels etc.

Properties of non-metalsThey don’t conduct electricity*.So they are good for making protective coverings for wires carrying electricity .

*Exception: Carbon (graphite).

Properties of non-metals

Non-metals are generally soft *.

*Exception: Carbon(Diamond).

Properties of non-metals

They aren’t sonorous.

Properties of non-metalsNon-metals have low Melting point*.

*Exception: Carbon (Diamond).

Properties of non-metalsNon metals have low density*.

* Exception: Carbon (Diamond).

Properties of non-metals

Non-metals are present in all three physical states of matter.a. Solid-6 b. Liquid- 1 (Bromine)c. Gas- 10

Difference Property Metals Non-Metals

Luster Lustrous Not Lustrous

Malleability Malleable Not Malleable

Ductility Ductile Not ductile

Heat Conductivity Good Conductors Insulators

Electricity Conductivity Good Conductors Insulators

Hardness Very Hard Soft

Sonorous Sonorous Not Sonorous

Melting Point High Melting Point Low Melting Point

Density High Density Low Density

Physical State Generally Solid Exists in all three states

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