Metals and Non-metals
Done by: Mohit Raj Bhurat
Class: IX ‘A’ Alpine Public School
ElementsA element is a chemical substance consisting of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei. 118 elements have been identified, of which the first 98 occur naturally on Earth and other 20 are artificially made.
Classification of elements Elements can be classified mainly
into three types :-a. Metals b. Non-metalsc. Metalloids
Physical properties of metals
A Metal is a material that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity .There are 88 metals in the periodic table.
Properties of metalsMetals are Lustrous. This means they are shiny (mostly when freshly cut).Thus metals are used in making jewelery.
Properties of metalsMetals are Malleable i.e. they can be beating into thin sheets .This can be used for making curve shapes like car fenders, fans etc.
Properties of metalsMetals are Ductile this means that metals can be drawn into wires. This property is used for soldering wire, chains, electric wires etc.
Properties of metals Metals are very good conductors of heat .This property helps in making cooking vessels etc.
Properties of metalsMetals are very good conductors of electricity. They are used in making electric wires and cables.
Properties of metalsMetals are generally hard*. Used for making many machinery, building etc.
*Exception: lithium, sodium, potassium
Properties of metalsThey are sonorous. This means they produce a ringing sound when hit. This property allows it to be used for making bells.
Properties of metalsThey have high melting point *. Used in places where there is exposure to high temperature.
*Exception: lithium, sodium, potassium
Properties of metalsHave high density*. This means that the weight per unit volume is high.
*Exception: alkalis (Sodium, Potassium, Lithium, Cesium, Francium )
Properties of metalsMetals are usually in solid state* .
*Exception: Mercury, Gallium, Cesium.
Physical Properties of non-metals
Non-metals tend to be highly volatile (easily vaporized), have low elasticity and are good insulators of heat and electricity. 17 elements are generally classified as nonmetals.
Properties of non-metalsNon-metals aren’t lustrous*.which means they are dull.
*Exception: Iodine, carbon (Diamond).
Properties of non-metals
Non–metals are brittle* . They break easily. So they aren’t Malleable and Ductile.
*Exception: Carbon (Diamond).
Properties of non-metals
They don't conduct heat. This helps in making handles for cooking vessels etc.
Properties of non-metalsThey don’t conduct electricity*.So they are good for making protective coverings for wires carrying electricity .
*Exception: Carbon (graphite).
Properties of non-metals
Non-metals are generally soft *.
*Exception: Carbon(Diamond).
Properties of non-metals
They aren’t sonorous.
Properties of non-metalsNon-metals have low Melting point*.
*Exception: Carbon (Diamond).
Properties of non-metalsNon metals have low density*.
* Exception: Carbon (Diamond).
Properties of non-metals
Non-metals are present in all three physical states of matter.a. Solid-6 b. Liquid- 1 (Bromine)c. Gas- 10
Difference Property Metals Non-Metals
Luster Lustrous Not Lustrous
Malleability Malleable Not Malleable
Ductility Ductile Not ductile
Heat Conductivity Good Conductors Insulators
Electricity Conductivity Good Conductors Insulators
Hardness Very Hard Soft
Sonorous Sonorous Not Sonorous
Melting Point High Melting Point Low Melting Point
Density High Density Low Density
Physical State Generally Solid Exists in all three states
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