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Mitglie
d d
er
Helm
holtz-G
em
ein
schaft
Measuring and mapping canopy traits from the lab to the
field: sun-induced fluorescence for crop phenotyping
Uwe Rascher, Anke Schickling, Francisco Pinto
IBG-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
Uwe Rascher 15. Dec 2013
Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften
IBG-2: Pflanzenwissenschaften
140 employees, 45 scientists
25 PhD students
• Bioeconomy
• Plant phenotyping
• Adaptation to climate change
• Sustainable bioproduction
• Basic research to application
Forschungszentrum Jülich
IBG-2: Plant Sciences www.fz-juelich.de/ibg/ibg-2
Phenotyping:
Quantification of plant traits in space and time
(including environmental and genetic constraints)
Plant Production
momentary traits
Precision farming
Breeding
Guided breeding
Seasonal and spatial
development of traits
Mitglie
d d
er
Helm
holtz-G
em
ein
schaft
Development of new measurement
approaches for field phenotyping /
Remote Sensing
- Imaging Spectroscopy
- 3-D canopy reconstruction
- sun-induced fluorescence
Mitglie
d d
er
Helm
holtz-G
em
ein
schaft
Development of new measurement
approaches for field phenotyping /
Remote Sensing
- Imaging Spectroscopy
- 3-D canopy reconstruction
- sun-induced fluorescence
Imaging Spectroscopy under field conditions to
quantify the spatio-temporal dynamics of shoot
traits
Wavelength dependent
charakterization of
constituents of plants
and canopies
Chlorophyll
NPQ
Anthocyane Carotinoide
Chlorophyll
Mapping of spatio-temporal canopy dynamcis in
the field by imaging spectroscopy and 3-D canopy
reconstruction
Challange to quantify the changes in the multidimensional data
space and to relate structual and functional aspects of canopies
Mitglie
d d
er
Helm
holtz-G
em
ein
schaft
Development of new measurement
approaches for field phenotyping /
Remote Sensing
- Imaging Spectroscopy
- 3-D canopy reconstruction
- sun-induced fluorescence
3-D Canopy structure: Stereo Imaging allows the
quantification of canopy structure
Biskup et al. (2007) Plant, Cell & Environ. 30, 1299-1308
Rascher et al. (2010) Photosynthesis Research 105, 15-25
Müller-Linow & Rascher (to be submitted) BMC
Zenith and azimuth of leaves can be quantified.
Method is parameterized and established for
Arabidopsis, sugar beet, barley and apple trees
Mitglie
d d
er
Helm
holtz-G
em
ein
schaft
Development of new measurement
approaches for field phenotyping /
Remote Sensing
- Imaging Spectroscopy
- 3-D canopy reconstruction
- sun-induced fluorescence
slope:
reflectance
intercept:
fluorescence
Fluorescence can be retrieved in the relative dark atmospheric
absorption bands according to the Fraunhofer Line Depth (FLD)
method.
Retrieval concept: Fraunhofer line
discrimination (FLD)
Plascyk (1975) Optical Engineering 14, 339–346
Carter et al. (1996) Remote Sensing of Environment 55, 89–92
Moya et al. (2004) Remote Sensing of Environment 91, 186–197
Corn, sugar beet
and barley
Measurements at 7
m high.
Area: 1.5 x 2.7 m
Mapping of spatio-temporal canopy dynamcis in
the field by high resolution imaging spectroscopy
HyPlant: a novel high performance imaging
spectrometer to measure sun-induced fluorescence
Module 1: Imaging spectrometer (380 – 2500 nm)
with 3 nm (VIS) and 12 nm (SWIR) spectral
resolution
Module 2: Fluorescence module (670 – 780 nm)
with 0.25 nm (FWHM) and 0.11 nm (SSI)
2012 / 2013 data from agricultural area,
Germany
About one hundred flight lines from an agricultural area covering different
times during the day and different stages during the vegetation period
Georeferencing and radiometric calibration / characterization solved.
Retrieval of fluorescence ongoing.
600 meters 1 meter pixel resolution
1800 meters 3 meter pixel resolution
Extensive ground measurements to
characterize top-of-canopy fluorescence and
the functional status of photosynthesis
Agricultural site (Klein-Altendorf): first images of sun-induced fluorescence (600m height – 1m resolution)
2
2
Agricultural site (Klein-Altendorf): first images of sun-induced fluorescence (600m height – 1m resolution)
A proposed mission to observe photosynthetic activity from space
U. Rascher
on behalf of the FLEX Team and
ESA's Mission Assessment Group
Currently evaluated in phase A / B1
300 m pixel resolution
7 days revisit time
Tandem mission with Sentinel 3
Earth Explorer 8, i.e. launch ~2020
(if successfully evaluated in 2015)
Mitglie
d d
er
Helm
holtz-G
em
ein
schaft
Field Phenotyping Development of Infrastructure
- PhenoCrops
- DPPN
- airborne sensors
Field Phenotyping at Campus Klein-Altendorf (University of Bonn)
Experimental plots in the
greenhouse and field
Field Phenotyping at Campus Klein-Altendorf (University of Bonn)
Experimental plots in the
greenhouse and field
Development of
automated, GPS guided
measurement plattform
Field Phenotyping at Campus Klein-Altendorf (University of Bonn)
Experimental plots in the
greenhouse and field
Development of
automated, GPS guided
measurement plattform
Zeppelin and UAVs with
dedicated sensors
Burkart et al. (2013) IEEE – Sensors, Sensors-8468-2013.
Mitglie
d d
er
Helm
holtz-G
em
ein
schaft
Phenotyping – a networking approach
Developing and supporting
• Good Phenotyping Practice (GPP)
• Phenotyping platforms open for the
scientific community
• Efficient use of development and
infrastructure cost
• Technologies to be used in the community
Summary
Sun-induced fluorescence
Can be retrieved using state-of-the-art spectrometers
and opens a new window in crop structure/function
Top-of-canopy measurements and airborne
measurements allow the quantification of
Canopy light absorption of active chlorophyll
(APARchl)
Photosynthetic light use efficiency (LUE)
Challenges for the next years
Development of operational instrument for top-of-
canopy fluorescence measurements
Operational processing of airborne HyPlant data to
fluorescence products
Thanks to
Vicky Temperton
Nicolai Jablonowski
Roland Pieruschka
Anke Schickling
Onno Muller
Mark Müller-Linow
Tim Malolepszy
Hendrik Albrecht
Francisco Pinto
Sergej Bergsträsser
Andreas Burkhart
Luka Olbertz
Edelgard Schölgens
Marlene Müller
Benedikt Janssen
Angelina Steier
and many more
Lutz Plümer
Björn Waske
Frank Ewert
Jens Leon
Matthias Langensiepen
Mauricio Hunsche