JULIA MORGAN(1872-1957)

THE ARCHITECTOF BEAUTY

CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION• PHILOSOPHY• ACHIEVEMENTS• PROJECTS• BRIEFS ON MAJOR PROJECTS• CASE STUDIES : CHAPEL OF THE CHIMES : HEARST CASTLE• CONCLUSION• REFERENCE

“Architecture is a visual art, and the buildings speak for themselves.”

--- Julia Morgan

INTRODUCTION

École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts (1902)Submission of an outstanding design for a palatial theatre which earned her a certificate in architecture, the first woman to receive one from the school in Paris

Born on January 20, 1872 in San Francisco and received her early education at Oakland High School(1890).

In 1890, she enrolled in the University of California, in nearby Berkeley and graduated in 1894.

TOWARDS ARCHITECTURE

two principal facts: • her residence in California• practical possibilities, and her gender .

She was inspired by Bernard Maybeck

PHILOSOPHY

stylistic expression with beauty, comfort, and functionality.

client's vision,

the opportunities presented by the site,

the required function

Use of indigineous materials

HER MODULAR

FIRST BAY TRADITION

• Utilization of undisguised natural materials from the local environment, such as cedar, redwood, and oak, as well as brick and stone.

• Combination of traditional craftsmanship and historic motifs with modern building materials and construction methods.

• site-sensitive designs by bringing "the outdoors indoors" with such devices as large areas of glass, balconies, and decks to allow sunlight and breezes from outside to flow through the interiors.

• an original work of art that fulfilled the specific needs of the client and the nearby community.

ACHIEVEMENTS

• the first independent licensed woman architect in America • became the first woman allowed to study at the prestigious Ecole des Beaux Arts in

Paris • designed more than 700 buildings during her career.

Legacy• Julia Morgan was buried in the Mountain View Cemetery in the hills of Oakland,

California • Julia Morgan was be inducted into the California Hall of Fame• The Julia Morgan Ballroom at the Merchants Exchange Building in San Francisco

was named in her honor

Images from Julia Morgan Ballroom

JULIA MORGAN’S DIVINE WORKS

El Campanil, 1903-4Margaret Carnegie Library, 1905-6 Introduction to Morgan's early housesSpeculative Houses, Berkeley, 1905Linforth Houses, Berkeley, 1907Methodist Chinese Mission School, San Francisco, 1907-10St. John's Presbyterian Church, Berkeley, 1908-10Kings Daughters Home, Oakland, 1908-12Watt House, San Francisco, 1911YWCA, Oakland, 1913-15Asilomar (YWCA Conference Center), Pacific Grove, 1913-37

Phoebe Apperson Hearst Administration BuildingThe ChapelEmployees housing (Hilltop Cottage and Tide Inn)The Lodge and Scripps LodgeMerrill Hall 

Examiner Building, Los Angeles, 1915Turner Stores, Oakland, 1916Rosenberg House, San Francisco, 1917Berkeley Baptist Divinity School, 1918-19*Hearst Castle, San Simeon, 1920-48Emanu-el Sisterhood Residence, San Francisco, 1921-22YWCA, Pasadena, 1921*The Heritage, San Francisco, 1924-29Phoebe Apperson Hearst Memorial Gymnasium, 1925-27Morgan's House (remodeled), San Francisco, c. 1925*Chapel of the Chimes, Oakland, 1926-30 [2 pages]Williams House, Berkeley, 1928The Residence (YWCA), San Francisco, 1929-30*Berkeley Women's City Club, Berkeley, 1929-30*Chinese YWCA, San Francisco, 1930

HER PROJECTS

THE HEARST CASTLE

ASILOMAR MERRILL HALL

YWCA BUILDINGS

THE BELL TOWER(1904)

the first reinforced concrete structure built west of the Mississippi

MARION DAVIES GUEST HOUSE

HERALD EXAMINER BUILDING

Mission Revivaland Spanish Colonial Revival style building

CHAPEL OF THE CHIMES (1926-30)

Location : Piedmont Avenue in Oakland, CA

The white concrete exterior, though largely Romanesque borrows features from Gothic architecture, particularly the Gothic tracery of the nave of the main chapel and the cloisters connecting various sections of the structure.

The building is a colombarium,and is a bit off the beaten path. The design of the building can be characterized as containing a progression of spaces and openings that lead from the entrance to the deep interior.

Facade in the morning The front wall has an opening whose abruptness is tempered by a double layer of arches. The arches gracefully extend the wall.

The window allows the exterior world to be part of the building via reflection enhanced by the darker interior.

A long hall runs along the front of the building. The far end of the hall shows the offices. Behind the view is a large chapel.

The main chapel. The ceilings are high with thick wood beams. The motif of the arches continues around the chapel.

The exterior of the main chapel. Unfinished concrete on the outside joins the more finished interior. ‘Béton brut style

The middle area

The simple plaster finish compliments gentle colors in the glass.

Moroccan influences can be seen in the interior spaces

The hallways that are parallel to the main hall at the entrance have a lightness

If you were one of the richest people in the world, what would you do?

Well, how about building your very own castle.

THE HEARST CASTLE(1919-1947)

Nearest city: San Simeon, California, USA

Area: More than 90,000 sq ft (8,400 m2)

Built: 1919[

Architect: William Randolph Hearst; Julia Morgan

Architectural style:Mediterranean Revival, other late 19th and 20th century Revivals

Location

Hearst Castle is located near the unincorporated community of San Simeon, California.atop a hill of the Santa Lucia Range at an altitude of 1,600 feet (490 m).

Design

Hearst was fond of Spanish Revival, but dissatisfied with the crudeness of the colonial structures in California. Mexican colonial architecture had more sophistication but he objected to its profusion of ornamentation. Turning to the Iberian Peninsula for inspiration, he found Renaissance and Baroque examples in southern Spain more to his tastes. Hearst particularly admired a church in Ronda and asked Morgan to pattern the Main Building towers after it The estate is a pastiche of historic architectural styles that its owner admired in his travels around Europe.

CHURCH AT RONDA,SPAIN

Hearst Castle features:56 bedrooms 61 bathrooms 19 sitting rooms 127 acres (0.5 km2) of gardens indoor and outdoor swimming pools, tennis courts, a movie theater, an airfield, and the world's largest private zoo.

WATER SUPPLY gravity-based water delivery system that transports water from artesian wells.

SizeThe total square footage of the buildings on the estate exceeds 8,300 m². The area of Casa Grande, the "castle", is 5,634 m². The area of the guest houses on property are:

Casa del Mar: 5,875 square feet (546 m²)Casa del Monte: 2,291 square feet (213 m²)Casa del Sol: 2,604 square feet (242 m²)

MASTERPIECES OF HEARST CASTLE

NEPTUNE POOL

“Temple Garden” with an ornamental pool and temple structure.

-104 feet long, 58 feet wide and 95 feet wide at alcove. -3.5 feet deep at the west end, 10 feet at drains and holds -345,000 gallons of water. -Oil burning heating system-the light-veined Vermont marble decorating the pools and colonnades -four 17-century Italian bas-reliefs on the sides of the colonnades.

ROMAN POOL

a tiled indoor pool decorated with eight statues of Roman gods, goddesses and heroes.

styled after an ancient Roman bath such as the Baths of Caracalla in Rome c. 211-17 CE.

The mosaic tiled patterns were inspired by mosaics found in the 5th Century Mausoleum of Galla Placidia in Ravenna, Italy.

decorated from ceiling to floor with 1″ square mosaic tiles. These glass tiles, called smalti, are either colored (mainly blue or orange) or are clear with fused gold inside. The intense colors and shimmering gold of the tiles combine to create a breathtaking effect.

DINING HALL

Dining Room with Old Spanish Carvings in the Ceiling

BEDROOMS

EGYPTIAN STATUE

EGYPTIAN STATUE

ROMAN STATUE

GRAECO ROMAN

EUROPEAN

STATUES @ HEARST CASTLE

CONCLUSION

Her buildings really have a timeless quality

Not only did Morgan open the field of architecture to women through her example but she also did so by hiring and training women as artists, drafters, and architects for her projects.

Julia Morgan, America's first truly independent female architect, left a legacy of more than 700 buildings, many of which are now designated landmarks, in cities throughout California, as well as in Hawaii, Utah, and Illinois. Her work spanned five decades, and the total of her commissions was greater than any other major American architect, including Frank Lloyd Wright. Julia Morgan tells the remarkable story of this architectural pioneer, and features text, drawings, and photographs of the many buildings that still exist.

Learnt about the Romanesque and Greek architecture though her designs which also combined the Greek and Moroccan architecture. Mingling of various forms of architecture enlightened me about the form and functions.

REFERENCES

http://www.bluffton.edu/womenartists/morganassignment.htmlhttp://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/jmhearstss/intro.htmlJulia Morgan-The architect of Beauty: Book by Mark Anthony

THANK YOU