Origin of Vocational Guidance

During the 1890’s, a man

named Frank Parsons

organized the Boston Vocational

Bureau. He is considered as the Father of Vocational Guidance.

he provides vocational

assistance to young people.

he train teachers to serve

as vocational counselors.

• In 1909, he published Choosing a

Vocation.

-he discusses the role of the

counselor and techniques that might be

employed in counseling.

- was divided into three areas;

1. Personal Investigation

2. Industrial Investigation

3. Organization and the work

Personal Investigation

Parsons advocates getting the

client to see himself /herself

exactly as others do and giving

the client recommendations about

methods that can be used for self-

improvement.

Industrial Investigation

Parson insists that counselors

must be thoroughly familiar with

all relevant details concerning job

opportunities, the distribution of

the demand in industries, and

courses of study.

Organization and the work

Parson also explain the need

to train vocational counselors.

This is to have relevant

vocational background, sound

judgement, character, and

maturity.

Others were also involved in the counseling

movement as its earliest stages. They were;

Jessie B. Davis

Anna Y. Reed

Eli Weaver

David S. Hill

Carl R. Rogers

C. Gilbert Wrenn

C. Harold McCully

Jessie B. Davis

his approach was based on self-study and the study of occupations.

his description of counseling seem to suggest that students should be preached about the moral value of hard work, ambition, honesty, and the development of the character as assets to any person who planned to entern the business world.

Jessie B. Davis

he use the “call” concept in relation

to the way one shoul choose a

vocation. When an individual was

called, he would approach it with

the noblest and highest ideals which

would serve society best by

uplifting humanity.

Anna Y. Reed

she established guidance services in the

Seattle.

she believes that guidance services could be

important as a means of developing the best

possible educational product.

she believed in stiff competition and that

people needed to give their best effort to any

assigned task in order to see themselves as

successful.

Eli Weaver

• established teacher guidance

committees in every high school in

New York City. These committees

worked actively to help youths

discover their capabilities and

learn how to use those talents to

secure the most appropriate

employment.

David S. Hill was a researcher in the New Orleans

school system, who used scientific

methods to study people.

his research studies pointed out the

wide diversity in student population.

he advocated and worked for a

diversified curriculum complemented

by vocational guidance.

Carl R. Rogers he focused on “client-centered therapy”

which he introduced in 1942 in his publication, Counseling and Psychotherapy.

he offers nondirective counseling as an alternative to the older, more traditional methods.

he stresses’s the client’s responsibility in perceiving his or her problem and enhancing the self.

C. Gilbert Wrenn

his classic contribution of the 1960’s “The Counselor in A Changing World ” also examined the counselor’s role in a society with changing ideas about human behaviour and changing schools.

he noted that the counselor must understand not only the student but himself also and his adult contemporaries.

C. Harold McCully implied that if school counselors were

to move toward bonafideprofessionalization, “they cannot afford to define their function on the basis of a retrospective analysis of what counselors have done in the past as technicians.”

he forecast the function of the counselor as a consultant and agent for change.

The Development of the Psychometrics

Psychometrics

is based on theory that

individuals differ on a variety

of characteristics.

is define as the

“measurement of the mind”

The Rise of School Counseling

Community Counseling

Vocational Rehabilitation

Group-Therapy movement

Career Education Programs

Professional Associations

End of the Report...

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