Historyof School

CounselingDE GUZMAN, MIA MILAGROS

T.II-17 BSE ENGLISH

PROF ED 5

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BEFORE THAT, LET’S RECALL FIRST:

GUIDANCE

COUNSELIN

G

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GUIDANCE VS. COUNSELING

Guidance Counseling

intervention

Post problem

AIM IS TO help people

preparation

Pre-proble

m

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TIMELINE

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TIMELINE

SCHOOL COUNSELING

profession

Vocational guidance

movement

(beginning of the 20th century)

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Beginning of the 20th century-1940s• 1907 - Jesse B. Davis is thought

to be the first to implement a systematic guidance system in public schools. (Schmidt, 2003)

• 1908 – Bureau of Vocational Guidance was established by Frank Parsons

• 1920s to the 1930s – grew and declined

Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

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Beginning of the 20th century-1940s• Grew: there was a rise of

progressive education in schools• Declined: many schools reacted to

this movement as ANTI-EDUCATIONAL (said that the fundamentals of education should be the only thing taught) + GREAT DEPRESSION

• 1940s - militarySource: www.schoolcounselor.com

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History and Development of School Counseling (Allyn & Bacon 2004)

• Frank Parsons the “Father of Guidance.”

Stressed the scientific approach to selecting a career.

In selecting a vocation:

One must have a clear self-understanding of one’s aptitudes, abilities, interests, resources and limitations.

Knowledge of the requirements, advantages, and disadvantages of different employment.

An understanding of how these two are related.

History and Development of School Counseling (Allyn & Bacon 2004)

• GREAT DEPRESSION• The Great Depression was a severe

worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in 1930 and lasted until the late 1930s or middle 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century.

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1950s to the 1970s

• 1950s – Guidance and Personnel Service Section in the Division of State and Local School Systems

• 1957 – National Defense Educational Act

Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

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1950s to the 1970s

• 1960s to the 1970s – the profession continued to grow– Funds– New legislation– New professional developmentsFrom vocational/career dev’t purpose,

it’s focus shifted on STUDENT’S PERSONAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES

Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

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1950s to the 1970s

• Late 60s to the early 70s – research work by Norm Gysbers showed that there must be a more strategic and systematic goal of having a comprehensive dev’t school counseling programs for every student (K-12)

Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

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1980s and 1990s• 1980s to the early 1990s – US

wasn’t a player in the educational reform efforts– Campbell and Dahir, 1997American School Counseling

Association (ASCA) National Standards for School Counseling

3 core domains- academic- career- personal/socialSource: www.schoolcounselor.com

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1980s and 1990s• Late 1990s – Educational Trust’s

project (Pat Martin): School Counseling WILL help close achievement gaps hindering the life successes of children and adolescents, including children and adolescents of color, poor and working class children and adolescents, bilingual children and adolescents and children and adolescents with disabilities.Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

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1980s and 1990s• Late 1990s – National Center form

Transforming School Counseling (House and Martin, 2003

Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

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Recent• 2002 – ASCA released ASCA

National Model Framework (Dr. Trish Hatch and Dr. Judy Bowers)– Counseling components:the work of Norm Gysbers, Curly &

Sharon Johnson, Robert Myrick, Dahir & Campbell's ASCA National Standards

+ skill-based focus:Educational Trust (Pat Martin and Reese

House)Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

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Recent• 2002 – RAMP (Recognized ASCA

Model Programs• 2003 – Center for School

Counseling Outcome Research was developed (Jay Carey)

• 2004 – ASCA Code of Ethics was revised– National Office for School Counselor

Advocacy (NOSCA) (House & Lee)

Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

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Recent• 2006 (January 1) – US congress

officially declared Feb 6-10 as National School Counseling Week

• 2008 – first NOSCA study was released by Jay Carey– ASCA released School Counseling

Competencies– Standards Blending (Dr. Rita

Schellenberg)• SCOPE• SCORE . . .Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

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Recent• 2008 – Standards Blending (Dr.

Rita Schellenberg)• SCOPE (School Counseling

Operational Plan for Effectiveness)• SCORE (School Counseling

Operational Report of Effectiveness)

Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

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Recent• 2012 – most recent version of

ASCA National Model was published

Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

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GOAL!!!• increase student academic, career,

college, and personal/social competencies including reduced achievement and opportunity gaps for all students

Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

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OTHER COUNTRIES (including the Philippines)

• A balanced, comprehensive school counseling program provides services to promote student success. It involves school counselors working in conjunction with parents, teachers and other school personnel and community agencies. Many developmental concepts that must be covered through a comprehensive program can be incorporated into other classroom studies, giving the school counselor more opportunities for direct counseling, prevention, and remediation functions. It is important that a comprehensive school counseling program provide a range of services in order to address the needs of all students. Counselors should strive to balance their time among all these services, based on the unique needs of their school community. By developing and implementing a comprehensive school counseling plan, school counselors can establish services and activities that allow them to spend most of their time providing direct services to children.Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

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SUMMARY ^o^

• In the United States, the school counseling profession began as a vocational guidance movement at the beginning of the 20th century (Schmidt, 2003, p. 6). In 1907, Jesse B. Davis became the principal at the Center High School in Detroit, Michigan and encouraged the school English teachers to use compositions and lessons to relate career interests, develop character, and avoid behavioral problems. From that grew systematic guidance programs which later evolved into comprehensive school counseling programs that address three basic domains: academic development, career development, and personal/social development.

Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

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REFERENCES:American School Counselor Association (2005). The ASCA

National Model: A framework for school counseling programs. Alexandria, VA: Author.

Education Trust. Retrieved from http://www.edtrust.org/node/139

Schmidt, J. J. (2003). Counseling in schools: Essential services and comprehensive programs, 4th ed. Boston, MA.: Allyn & Bacon.

School Counselor. Retrieved from

http://www.thenewschoolcounselor.comWikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_school_counseling

Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression