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Grammar Book 2Timotea Parisio
S2H 6th
Table of Contents
• Imperfect• Preterite –car,gar,zar –spock –cucaracha –
snake/snakey• Modal Verbs• Adverbs• Progressive Tense –Present –Past• Future –irregular • Supperlatives• Formal Commands• Prepositions• Conditional• Demonstratives
Imperfect VERB FORMS
REGULAR
Hablar Comer Escribir
HablabaHablabasHablabaHablábamosHablabaisHablaban
-Yo-Tú-Él/Ella/ Ud.-Nosotros-VosotrosEllos/ellas/Uds
ComíaComíasComíaComíamosComíaisComían
EscribíaEscribíasEscribíaEscribíamosEscribíaisEscribían
IMPERFECT
El Pretérito; -car, -gar, -zar
• Tocar: toqué, tocaste, tocó, tocamos, tocaron
• Jugar: jugué, jugaste, jugó, jugamos, jugaron
• Comenzar: comencé, comenzaste, comenzó, comenzamos, comenzaron
-car,-gar,-zar• Regular verbs with these endings have a
spelling change in the yo form to keep the sound of the verb.
-car yo -qué
-gar yo -gué
-zar yo -cé
BECOMESSacar cqu (yo)saqué Yo saqué la basura.Pagar ggu (yo)pagué Yo pagué dos dólares. Empezar zc (yo)empecé Yo empecé un trabajo nuevo.
SPOCK
HACER
IRSE
R
DAR
VER
D/V: I,iste,io, imos, ieron
Fui,fuiste, fue,fuimos,fueron
Hice, hicista, hizo, hicimos, hicieron
CUCARACHAAndarEstarPoderPonerQuererSaberTenerVenir
AnduvEstuvPudPusQuisSupTuvVin
YoTúÉl,ella,ustedNosotrosvosotros
EIsteOImosisteis
DecirTraerConducirProducirTraducir
DijTrajCondujProdujtraduj
Drop the i on ieron
SNAKE/SNAKEY
Dormir~Dormí~Dormimos~Dormiste~Durmió~Dumieron
Leer~Leí~Leimos~Leiste~Leyó~Leyeron
Modal Verbs:• Ir+infinitive (going to do something)• Poder+infinitive (are able to do
something)• Querer+infinitive (want to do something)• Deber+infinitive (should do something)• Tenerque+infinitive (to have to do
something)• Soler+infinitive (to be accustomed to)
Adverbs• Always agree in gender and
number with the noun they modify
• Always come in front of the noun they modify
• Singular: ~Este/Esta(this) ~Ese/Esa(that) ~Aquel/Aquella(that
over there)• Plural: ~Estos/Estas(these) ~Esos/Esas(those)
Progressive Tense• Estart ando/iendo/yendo
• Present Progressive: Estoy hablando a ti- I am talking to you
• Past Imperfect Progressive: Estaba hablando a ti- I was talking to
you
creer
leeruirir
Future (Irregular)
“WILL”
Infinitive +
ĒĀsĀEmosĀ
Mañana, yo irē a la escuela
Superlatives Use when trying to say that something has the most or least of a certain quality
Menos + adjective (the
least…)
Más + adjective (the most...)
Luis es el más alto.
Sophia es la menos agardable.
EXS:
Formal Commands
• The formal commands are formed the same way as the present subjunctive:
1. Start with the yo form of the present indicative.
2. Then drop the -o ending.3. Finally, add the following endings:• -ar verbs:
-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.)• -er and -ir verbs:
-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds.)
Prepositions
• A preposition is a type of word that is used to form a phrase; the phrase in turn functions as an adjective or adverb.
EXAMPLE:English: I (subject) am going (verb) to
(preposition) the store (prepositional object).
Spanish: Yo (subject) voy (verb) a (preposition) la tienda (prepositional object).
Conditional• Used to express probability, possibility, wonder or conjecture, and
is usually translated as would, could, must have or probablyEMAPLE: The student said that he would study one more hour.
(probability, possibility)What time could it have been? (wonder, conjecture)He must have been at home. (wonder, conjecture)We were probably busy when you called. (probability, possibility)
• To conjugate regular -ar, -er and -ir verbs in the conditional, add one of the following to the infintive:
• íaíasíaíamosíaisían
Demonstratives
SM SF PM PF
ESE ESA ESOS ESAS
ESTE ESTA ESTOS ESTAS
AQUEL AQUELLA AQUELLOS AQUELLAS
• Eso, esto, aquello are neuter(refer to specific situations or ideas, not to specific nouns)•Accent marks denotes pronouns which take the place of a noun•All demonstratives always agree in gender and number of the noun it modifies